Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion describe how planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, sweep equal areas in equal times, and have longer revolution periods the farther they are from the sun. Newton's Law of Gravity explains that gravitational attraction depends on the masses of objects and the distance between them. The document also discusses Henry Cavendish's experiment to measure Earth's density and the derivation of the gravitational constant 'G'.
Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion describe how planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, sweep equal areas in equal times, and have longer revolution periods the farther they are from the sun. Newton's Law of Gravity explains that gravitational attraction depends on the masses of objects and the distance between them. The document also discusses Henry Cavendish's experiment to measure Earth's density and the derivation of the gravitational constant 'G'.
Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion describe how planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, sweep equal areas in equal times, and have longer revolution periods the farther they are from the sun. Newton's Law of Gravity explains that gravitational attraction depends on the masses of objects and the distance between them. The document also discusses Henry Cavendish's experiment to measure Earth's density and the derivation of the gravitational constant 'G'.
Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion describe how planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, sweep equal areas in equal times, and have longer revolution periods the farther they are from the sun. Newton's Law of Gravity explains that gravitational attraction depends on the masses of objects and the distance between them. The document also discusses Henry Cavendish's experiment to measure Earth's density and the derivation of the gravitational constant 'G'.
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Kepler’s Three Laws of
Planetary Motion • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm9Ej-Y MXto Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motions 1. Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one of the foci SUN Foci – 2 points that are equidistant from center on major axis
circle ellipse 2. Law of Areas Line from the sun to a planet sweeps with equal areas in equal time. A planet will move through equal area of space in an equal amount of time Perihelion – closest to sun Ahelion – farthest from sun i. When a planet is in perihelion its orbital velocity increases ii. When a planet is in aphelion its orbital velocity decreases Farthest from sun Closest to sun
Slower Velocity Faster Velocity
Greater Gravitational Pull Closer to the sun, faster the velocity because of the gravitational pull. 3. Law of Periods - The farther a planet is from the focus, the longer the period of revolution.
Ex: Earth is closer to the sun than Jupiter,
therefore the Earth has a shorter period of revolution. (ESRT) • Newton’s Law of Gravity • The force of attraction between any two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. • Thus, the closer the objects, the greater ______________ the gravitational pull
• Thus, the bigger the object the
greater the gravitational pull __________ Force of gravity Gravity
Force of gravity
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Closer to the sun in the winter,
farther from sun in summer Measurement of Universal Gravitational Constant Cavendish History Cavendish’s Experimental Setup •Performed in 1797-1798 by Henry Cavendish
•Intent of the experiment was to
measure the density of the earth –“G” and the mass of the earth were derived by others after Cavendish’s death Cavendish at Work –Boys’ 1894 paper “On the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation”, introduced G
• Cavendish’s results not improved until 100
years later
• Density of earth first approximated by
Newton using the density of rocks The Torsion Wire • A torsion wire acts very much like a spring
