Properties of Matter (2)

The
Properties of
Matter
Chapter 2:
Lecture 2
Physical properties-
Properties of Matter
 A property describes how an object
looks, feels, or acts.
 The objects shown here have
different kinds of properties:
Physical properties
 Physical properties can be observed or
measured without changing the identity
of the matter.
 Basically, properties you notice when
using one of your five senses:
 Feel - mass, volume, texture
 Sight - color
 Hear
 Smell
 Taste
Physical properties of matter are
categorized as either: Intensive or
Extensive:
 Intensive - Properties that do
not depend on the amount of
the matter present.
 Color
 Odor
 Luster - How shiny a
substance is.
 Malleability - The ability of a
substance to be beaten into
thin sheets.
 Ductility - The ability of a
substance to be drawn into
thin wires.
Extensive - Properties that do depend
on the amount of matter present.
 Volume -
 A measurement
of the amount of
space a
substance
occupies.
 *Length
V is for Volume
 Briefly, volume is the amount of space
something takes up.
 Whether it’s a speck of dust or Jupiter, all
matter takes up space.
Measuring the volume
of…
Liquids:
 Graduated cylinder
 Displacement method
 Measured in liters (L) &
milliliters (mL)
Solids:
 Length x width x height
Gases:
 Since a gas expands to fill its
container, if you know the
volume of the container, you
know the volume of the gas.
 Density - The mass
of a substance
divided by its
volume
 Density is an
important physical
property. Density is
the mass of a
substance per unit
volume.
 Volume is the
amount of space an
object occupies.
How can you describe them if you
didn't know what they were?
 Describing
objects by using
 size
 shape
 color
 texture
 uses an object's
properties.
 Conductivity - The ability of
a substance to allow the
flow of energy or electricity.
 Hardness - How easily a

substance can be scratched.
 Melting/Freezing Point The

temperature at which the
solid and liquid phases of a
substance are in
equilibrium at atmospheric
pressure.
 Boiling Point - The

temperature at which the
vapor pressure of a liquid is
equal to the pressure on
the liquid (generally
More Physical Properties
Density is a very
important property.
 It is the amount of
matter in a given
volume.
 Density =
Mass / Volume
Properties of all objects
 Objects take up
space.
 All objects take
up space.
 Your computer is
taking up space
on the desk.
 You are taking
up space on the
chair.
Properties of Matter
 Remember all objects take up space
and have mass.
 You use your sense of taste and smell
to tell the difference between spinach
and an orange.
Physical properties-
 The measurement of mass and other
characteristics that can be seen without
changing how that object looks are its
physical properties.
 When you look at oranges, you know
that they are oranges because of their
color, shape, and smell.
 Mass, color, shape, volume, and density
are some physical properties.
 The answers to the question about the
present are physical properties.
Properties are constantly changing...
 Matter is
constantly
changing.
 Ice in your soda
melts, glass
breaks, paper is
ripped.
 When ice in your
soda melts where
does it go?
 What does it
become?
Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical properties: observe without
changing the identity of the
substance
 Chemical properties: observe only
when the identity changes
 How do you know if it is chemical or
physical?
 If it CHanges, it’s CHemical
Chemical properties
 A common chemical property is
reactivity.
 Reactive to oxygen
 Reactive to air
 Reactive to water…
 Notice that chemical properties

aren’t EASY to observe, unlike
physical properties.
Physical
Changes:
 Changes in
matter that
do not alter
the identity
of the matter
itself.
Physical Changes
 Changes that do NOT change the
identity of the substance.
 You may or may not be able to undo a
physical change.
Physical  For example:
Changes:  1. Size 2. Shape
 3. State
- solid liquid gas
 4. Dilutions
 The water doesn't
turn into soil or
macaroni.
 It remains water.
 If it did change into
soil or macaroni, your
drink would taste
terrible and you would
have an example of a
chemical change
 If you remember, ice is water in the
solid state.
 When you drop the ice cube into the
liquid, it begins to melt because the
temperature is higher than that of the
ice cube.
 It's like putting a snowman on your
front lawn in July.
 The ice cube becomes liquid water.
 This is an example of a physical
change.
 The solid water turned to liquid water.
Chemical Changes
 Chemical changes do alter the identity of a
substance
 In other words, a chemical change is when
something changes into an entirely
different substance
 For example:
 Iron rusting
 Wood burning
 Copper turning to brass
 Baking a cake
 spoiled milk
Chemical properties-
 These are properties that
can only be observed by
changing the identity of
the substance.
 A piece of paper burns
and turns to a black
substance.
 After the flame goes out
you can no longer burn
the new substance.
 The chemical properties
have been changed.
 Milk needs to be in the
refrigerator or else it
will go bad.
 If you've ever seen or
smelled spoiled milk, it
is not a pretty sight.
 The milk gets a sour
odor and becomes
lumpy.
 Unlike physical
changes, you cannot
reverse chemical
changes.
 You can melt ice to get
water and freeze that
water to get ice again.
 You cannot make milk
unspoiled.
 Common Errors
 *Ice melting, water freezing, water
evaporating, and steam condensing are all
examples of a state change.
 *These are physical changes, not chemical.
 *Diluting a solution is a physical change,
even if the color becomes more faint.
The Take Home Message
 State changes, like
melting, freezing,
boiling, are all
PHYSICAL changes.
 The substance
remains the same
substance, it just
changes what STATE
it is in.
 We’ll talk about this
next time.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
How to become a wise
consumer?

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The

 Hardness - How easily a

 Melting/Freezing Point The

 Boiling Point - The

 Notice that chemical properties

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