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    Properties of Matter Revised

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    crystalcarag9
    Properties of matter

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    Properties of Matter Revised

    Uploaded by

    crystalcarag9
    6 views33 pages
    Properties of matter

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    Properties_of_Matter_Revised

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    Properties of matter

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    6 views33 pages

    Properties of Matter Revised

    Uploaded by

    crystalcarag9
    Properties of matter

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    Properties of Matter

    What is matter?

    Anything made of particles. It has mass and


    volume (takes up space). Matter can be in
    the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
    Physical Property- A trait of
    matter that can be observed or
    measured without changing the
    chemical composition of the
    matter.

    No chemical reactions allowed!


    1. Color – how the object
    absorbs and reflects light
    2. Texture – how the
    substance looks and feels.
    3. Temperature
    A measure of
    the average
    kinetic energy
    (energy of
    motion) of
    particles in a
    substance.
    4. Mass

    The amount
    of matter in
    an object (in
    g or kg).
    5. Volume

    The amount
    of space an
    object
    occupies (in
    mL, L, cm3,
    m3, etc.)
    6. Density – the ratio of mass to
    volume; reflects the degree of
    packing of particles in matter.

    D = m/v
    7. Luster
    The way that
    a substance
    reflects light
    (metallic,
    non-metallic,
    glassy,
    pearly, dull).
    8. Ductility

    Ability of a
    substance to
    be stretched
    into a wire.
    9. Malleability

    Ability of a
    substance to
    be hammered
    flat and to
    retain the new
    shape.
    10. State (phase) of matter

    What is the 4th state of


    matter (rare on Earth)?
    11) Melting Point/Freezing
    Point -
    The exact temperature at
    which a solid becomes a
    liquid or a liquid becomes
    a solid.

    For H2O, what


    temperature is this?

    12) Boiling Point/


    Condensation Point -
    The exact temperature at
    which a liquid becomes a
    gas or a gas becomes a
    liquid. EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN
    EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT
    AND AN EXACT
    For H2O, what BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
    temperature is this?
    13. Hardness
    MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE Measure of
    10 Diamond how easily a
    6.5 Ceramic
    5.5 Glass
    material is
    3.5 Penny scratched.
    2.5 Fingernail
    1 Talc
    MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
    10 Diamond
    6.5 Ceramic
    5.5 Glass
    3.5 Penny
    2.5 Fingernail
    1 Talc
    The color left
    14. Streak behind when
    a material is
    rubbed
    against a
    porcelain
    plate
    (warning:
    streak can
    be white).
    15. Shape (the shape of
    crystals is called “habit”).
    Intensive vs. Extensive
    Properties of Matter
    Intensive property- One
    that DOES NOT depend
    on the amount of the
    substance present.

    Examples so far:

    Extensive property- One


    that DOES depend on
    the amount of the
    substance present.

    Examples so far:
    Intensive properties are determined by the chemical
    composition of the particles and their structure
    (arrangement). (intensive ~ internal)
    Extensive Properties
    • Depend only on the number of particles,
    not on their composition or internal
    arrangement.
    (extensive ~ external)
    Chemical Property- A trait of matter
    that can only be observed if a
    substance has the property. In the
    process of testing the chemical
    property, the substance changes
    composition if it has that property.

    i.e. Does the substance chemically


    “react with” something else?
    1) Reactivity with oxygen :
    rusting (iron)
    tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc)
    2) Reactivity with water:
    3) Reactivity with acids or bases:
    4) Combustibility or Flammability:
    5) Chemical formula (chemical composition):
    What something is made of is always a
    chemical property.

    Ex: rust is Fe2O3


    water is H2O
    diamond is C
    All chemical properties are
    intensive. None are extensive.
    • Why?
    • Because chemical properties never
    depend on how much of a substance is
    present, but only on what kind of particles
    make up the substance.
    What is a Characteristic
    Property?
    A characteristic property is

    - a distinctive property that helps you


    determine the identity of a material.

    Properties that ARE characteristic:

    Properties that are NOT characteristic:


    Take out your notes from
    yesterday…
    • A few more physical properties that have
    to do with today’s lab activity…….
    Which are better
    characteristic properties?
    Intensive properties,

    or

    Extensive properties?
    Intensive properties make the
    best characteristic properties
    because…
    Intensive properties are determined
    by the composition and structure
    of matter. They never change!

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