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    Faizullah - Abbasi The Mystery of Unaccounted For Gas

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    The document discusses the mystery of unaccounted for gas (UFG) in Pakistan. UFG refers to the difference between gas purchased by gas distribution companies and gas sold to customers. SSGC, the country's largest gas utility, sees annual UFG of around 7.95% of total gas purchased. High UFG levels reduce gas availability and cost SSGC millions in penalties. While some UFG is due to gas theft, further analysis showed other technical factors are also significant contributors, including leaks and outdated infrastructure. Long-term solutions like pipeline rehabilitation and improved metering can better control UFG. Differential analysis of network zones also helps monitor UFG trends. The case study of a neighborhood in Hyderabad found various

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    Faizullah - Abbasi The Mystery of Unaccounted For Gas

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa
    198 views50 pages
    The document discusses the mystery of unaccounted for gas (UFG) in Pakistan. UFG refers to the difference between gas purchased by gas distribution companies and gas sold to customers. SSGC, the country's largest gas utility, sees annual UFG of around 7.95% of total gas purchased. High UFG levels reduce gas availability and cost SSGC millions in penalties. While some UFG is due to gas theft, further analysis showed other technical factors are also significant contributors, including leaks and outdated infrastructure. Long-term solutions like pipeline rehabilitation and improved metering can better control UFG. Differential analysis of network zones also helps monitor UFG trends. The case study of a neighborhood in Hyderabad found various

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    The document discusses the mystery of unaccounted for gas (UFG) in Pakistan. UFG refers to the difference between gas purchased by gas distribution companies and gas sold to customers. SSGC, the country's largest gas utility, sees annual UFG of around 7.95% of total gas purchased. High UFG levels reduce gas availability and cost SSGC millions in penalties. While some UFG is due to gas theft, further analysis showed other technical factors are also significant contributors, including leaks and outdated infrastructure. Long-term solutions like pipeline rehabilitation and improved metering can better control UFG. Differential analysis of network zones also helps monitor UFG trends. The case study of a neighborhood in Hyderabad found various

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    198 views50 pages

    Faizullah - Abbasi The Mystery of Unaccounted For Gas

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa
    The document discusses the mystery of unaccounted for gas (UFG) in Pakistan. UFG refers to the difference between gas purchased by gas distribution companies and gas sold to customers. SSGC, the country's largest gas utility, sees annual UFG of around 7.95% of total gas purchased. High UFG levels reduce gas availability and cost SSGC millions in penalties. While some UFG is due to gas theft, further analysis showed other technical factors are also significant contributors, including leaks and outdated infrastructure. Long-term solutions like pipeline rehabilitation and improved metering can better control UFG. Differential analysis of network zones also helps monitor UFG trends. The case study of a neighborhood in Hyderabad found various

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    .

    The Mystery of Unaccounted for Gas


    Presented by Dr. Faizullah Abbasi, MD, SSGC

    THE MYSTERY OF UNACCOUNTED FOR GAS


    Pakistan Energy Conference
    April 12, 2011-Islamabad

    Would you hire this man as your detective if it is the

    SSGC INFRASTRUCTURE
    Quetta Zarghun

    SSGC INFRASTRUCTURE
    Pirkoh
    Pesh Bogi
    SNGPL transmission line

    Sibi

    Transmission Network (Km) Distribution Network (Km)

    3,320 36,785

    Loti

    Sui

    Balochistan

    Jacobabad Shikarpur Mazarani Larkana Zamzama Dadu Sukkur Hasan Sawan Miano

    Customers
    Industrial

    Kadanwari

    3,863
    24,156 2,219,138

    Bhit Nawabshah

    Sindh

    Commercial

    Sari Karachi FJFC

    Hyderabad

    Domestic

    Badin

    Sui Southern Gas Company Limited

    GAS FLOW CHART


    POD SMS POD SMS POD SMS POD
    Transmission pipelines Distribution Supply Mains Distribution Network 4

    CUSTOMERS TBS Industrial CMSs

    TBS

    Commercial Meters

    TBS

    Domestic Meters

    Inspector Clouseau will not solve the mystery of UFG till he gets into the heart of the matter.
    Will the Case get complex and intricate? Lets find out.

    WHAT IS UNACCOUNTED FOR GAS OR UFG?


    TOTAL GAS PURCHASE

    TOTAL GAS SALE

    UFG
    7

    HOW IS UFG CALCULATED?


    INDUSTRIAL SALE (3,863 Customers)

    + UFG
    GAS PURCHASED FROM 16 GAS FIELDS COMMERCIAL SALE (24,156 Customers)

    +
    DOMESTIC SALE (2,219,138 Customers)

    UFG THE ARITHMETIC TRICK - 1


    BULK/POWER 50 MMCF

    GAS PURCHASE 100 MMCF

    DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 45 MMCF

    UFG 5 MMCF i.e. 5%

    UFG THE ARITHMETIC TRICK - 2


    BULK/POWER 0 MMCF

    GAS PURCHASE 50 MMCF

    DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 45 MMCF

    UFG 5 MMCF i.e. 10%

    10

    SSGC - YEAR WISE % BULK SALE TREND


    %AGE

    11

    UFG IN GAS SALES MIX - POWER


    (7.95%)

    (18.30%)

    (26.15%)

    (2.31%) (13.19%) (16.82%) (5.5%)

    (9.6 %)

    12

    UFG IN GAS SALES MIX BULK POWER


    15BCF Gas May Produce
    UFG 20,000 (4.5%)

    1,250,000 MW Power

    G.INDUSTRIES 80,351

    (18.30%)
    BULK POWER 129,812 COMMERCIAL 10,178

    (29.57%)

    (2.31%)

    CAPTIVE POWER 57,915

    (13.19%)

    BULK OTHER 42,405

    (9.6 %)

    CNG 24,473

    DOMESTIC 73,844

    (16.82%)

    (5.5%)

    13

    FIRST CLUE: FINANCIAL IMPACT OF UFG


    A Quick Math Calculation
    SSGC: Annual

    UFG = 35,010 MMCF

    (7.95%)
    SSGC: Per day UFG = 96 MMCFD

    Avg. Cost/MMCF

    = Rs 221,690

    Financial Cost of Lost Gas (UFG)

    35,010 (MMCF) x Rs 221,690 (Gas price) = Rs 7,761 million


    (All figures for FY-2009-10)
    14

    CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH UFG PLOT THICKENS


    Reduced Gas Availability for Power Sector. Penalty by Regulator (Rs. 934 Million in 2009-10) Environmental Pollution

    Equivalent to 9.135 million


    Tonnes of CO2. (13% of the total emissions of Pakistan).
    15

    GENERAL PERCEPTION ABOUT UFG

    ALL UFG IS THEFT


    ALL THEFT IS UFG

    BUT ALL UFG IS NOT THEFT !

    ONGOING EFFORTS TO CONTROL GAS THEFT

    Efforts focused on controlling gas theft.

    Established theft control department. Installed Cyber locks & EVCs. Dedicated lines for bulk & CNG customers. Theft by non-customers.
    17

    These ongoing exercises have uncovered some theft cases .


    Yet the UFG has increased!

    UFG IN SSGC THE LAST TEN YEARS


    40,000

    UFG VOLUME (MMCF)


    35,010

    35,000 33,501 30,000 27,390


    25,000 24,264 27,093

    29,082

    25,584 20,000 18,871 19,283 20,822

    15,000

    10,000
    2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

    19

    TRACKING DOWN SUSPECTS: UFG CLASSIFICATION

    UFG

    NON TECHNICAL (THEFT) COMPLEX/ UNCONTROLLABLE

    TECHNICAL (OTHER FACTORS) CONTROLLABLE

    INCIDENTS LEADING TOWARDS OTHER CAUSES OF UFG


    30th September 1988 Hyderabad Incident Normal daily gas purchase of Hyderabad = 30 MMCFD. Normal daily sale of Industrial & Commercial Customers = 8 MMCFD.

    During curfew all industrial & commercial units were closed.


    Logically, Purchase should have been 30-8=22 MMCFD.

    IT DID NOT HAPPEN


    But actual Purchase on following days was 29 MMCFD------------------------------------------------

    WHY?
    21

    To dig deeper, Inspector Clouseau heads off to Hazara Colony, Hyderabad.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARA COLONY


    MANAGEABLE AREA TOTAL LENGTH OF THE LOOP = 3 Kms. TOTAL NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS = 298.
    HAZARA COLONY
    PRS Fatah Chowk

    ZEAL PAK TM KHAN ROAD

    HALI ROAD

    TBS Site 50 Psig

    LINE DIAGRAM OF THE AREA OF STUDY

    23

    PRESSURE REGULATING STATION (PRS) AND THE BULK METER FEEDING HAZARA COLONY HYDERABAD

    24

    UFG AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES


    HAZARA COLONY HYDERABAD

    UFG AT 4-5 psig

    UFG AT 10-11 psig

    UFG AT 21-23 psig

    Purchase/Day

    42.17 MCF

    56.5 MCF

    223.2 MCF

    Sale/Day

    20.38 MCF

    20.38 MCF

    20.38 MCF

    UFG/Day

    21.79 MCF (51.67%)

    36.12 MCF (63.93%)

    202.82 MCF (90.87%)


    25

    IMPACT OF OVERHEAD LEAKAGE RECTIFICATION


    AT 4-5 psig
    Before OH rectification Purchase/ Day Sales/ Day UFG/ Day UFG % After OH Rectification

    42.17 Mcf 20.38 Mcf 21.79 Mcf 51.67%

    40.72 Mcf 20.38 Mcf 20.34 Mcf 49.95%

    26

    IMPACT OF METER CHANGE

    AT 4-5 psig
    Before installation of new meters After installation of new meters

    Purchase /Day
    Sale/Day UFG/Day UFG%

    40.72 Mcf 20.38 Mcf 20.34 Mcf 49.95%

    39.19 Mcf 27.65 Mcf 11.54 Mcf 29.45%

    27

    UFG CONTRIBUTING FACTORS


    AT 4-5 psig
    PURCHASE VOLUME SALE VOLUME TOTAL UFG VOLUME 42.17 MCF/DAY 20.38 MCF/DAY 21.79 MCF/DAY MCF PER DAY
    % OF UFG

    FACTOR-WISE UFG VOLUME


    OVER HEAD LEAKAGES PUG METERS
    METERS SLOW DUE TO DUST METERS SLOW DUE TO OPERATIONAL EFFECT BILLING DIFFERENCES

    1.45 1.37
    0.43

    6.66 6.29
    1.97

    2.51
    0.14

    11.52
    0.64

    THEFT (METERS TAMPERED) LEAKAGES


    TOTAL

    4.35 11.54
    21.79

    19.96 52.96
    100.0 28

    INTERIOR SINDH UFG STATUS (1982-83 to 2009-10)


    Rehabilitation alongwith Augmentation & Pressure Profiling

    Increasing Trend Despite Pressure Profiling Without Augmentation

    Introduction of Pressure Profiling

    29

    KARACHI UFG STATUS (1989-90 to 2009-10)


    Introduction of Pressure Profiling

    Without Pressure Profiling

    Introduction of CNG Stations Without Augmentation and desired Rehabilitation

    30

    LESSONS FROM NATIONAL GRID, UK & LONE STAR GAS, USA

    CLUE 1 NATIONAL GRID, UK


    Distribution system operates in inches of water column. Estimated Losses due to Leakages 6.3 Bcf / Annum.

    Introduced Pressure Profiling in 1990.


    Installed 3,500 automatic pressure profiling systems. Additional 2,000 are in process. LO
    *Presented by Mr. Jonathan Dennett & Steven Vallender in 2009 IGU Conference Argentina in 2009

    CLUE 2 LONE STAR COMPANY, USA


    * Reducing the pressure from 10 psig to 5 psig lowers the gas leakage by 29.3%.
    *Presented by Mr. Darryl Gallagher
    32

    SHORT TERM MAGIC TOOLS TO REDUCE UFG

    PRESSURE
    SYSTEM AUGUMENTATION

    PROFILING

    33

    PRESSURE PROFILING
    Rate of gas leakage is reduced by reducing operating

    pressure.
    Pressures are reduced during off-peak Period (Night) and normalized during day (Cooking Load Period).

    34

    PIPELINE AUGMENTATION
    Augmentation involves lowering operating pressures and increasing network capacity. Distribution Network becomes undersized with increase in load with time.

    Network Pressures are kept high to ensure gas availability to Customers.


    Undersize Network is rectified by replacement of small dia pipelines with large dia pipelines or by laying additional lines of large dia.
    35

    COMPLICATING THE CASE OTHER FACTORS BEHIND UFG


    Underground leaks (Ageing of Distribution Network) &

    Overhead leaks.
    Reduction in uninfected sales (Bulk) and increase in infected sales (Retail) Measurement and Billing Errors

    Third Party Damages.


    Pipeline ruptures due to blast / sabotage.
    36

    GETTING INTO THE HEART OF THE CASE

    MONITORING UFG
    Segmentation of Distribution Network in Small Zones. Analysis of Gas Sale, Purchase and UFG.

    37

    NOVEL TECHNIQUES TO MONITOR UFG

    Lets check the trends through DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS


    38

    Differential Analysis (Decrease in UFG)


    MMCF

    Differential Analysis (Increase in UFG) MMCF

    UFG MONITORING TOOL (DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS)

    MMCF

    41

    Region wise UFG Differential Analysis of Interior Sindh Jul-Sep 2010 (1st Qtr) V/s Jul-Sep 2009 (1st Qtr) MMCF

    LONG TERM MEASURES TO CONTROL UFG

    Pipeline Rehabilitation Improve Measurement Accuracy

    43

    UFG REDUCTION: WORLD BANK FUNDING 2011-15 COMPONENT WISE PHYSICAL TARGET
    Items
    REHABILITATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
    AUTOMATIC PRESSURE MANAGEMENT UNDERGROUND LEAK SURVEY AND RECTIFICATION OVERHEAD LEAKAGE SURVEY AND RECTIFICATION AUGMENTATION METERS METER TESTING EQUIPMENT SURVEILLANCE AND DATA MONITORING EQUIPMENT PIPE RECOATING CP EQUIPMENT SEGMENTATION & PRESSURE MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT
    44

    Unit
    Km
    Nos. Km No. of customer connections Km Nos. Nos.

    Total
    5750
    400 18700 2,770,300 713 13,062 24

    Nos.
    Km Nos. Nos.

    2500
    450 5902 400

    UFG THROUGH THE LENS

    45

    45

    The Mystery of UFG has been SOLVED to a great extent. Yet this trail to clamp down on UFG cases have uncovered COMPLEX issues such as the nagging incidence of gas theft that needs further identification

    COMING SOON

    Clouseaus next case: Tackling Gas theft

    QUESTION TIME

    48

    UFG CONTRIBUTING FACTORS


    AT 4-5 psig
    Purchase Volume Sale Volume Total UFG Volume
    FACTOR-WISE UFG VOLUME 42.17 20.38 21.79 MCF PER DAY 1.45 1.37 0.43 MCF/DAY MCF/DAY MCF/DAY % OF UFG 6.66 6.29 1.97

    AT 10-11 psig
    56.50 20.38 36.12 MCF PER DAY 1.45 MCF/DAY MCF/DAY MCF/DAY % OF UFG 4.01

    AT 21-23 psig
    223.2 20.38 202.82 MCF PER DAY MCF/DAY MCF/DAY MCF/DAY % OF UFG

    OVER HEAD LEAKAGES PUG METERS METERS SLOW DUE TO DUST METERS SLOW DUE TO OPERATIONAL EFFECT

    1.45
    1.37 0.43 2.51 0.14 4.35 192.57 202.82

    0.71
    0.68 0.21 1.24 0.07 2.14 94.95 100.0

    1.37
    0.43

    3.80
    1.19

    2.51

    11.52

    2.51

    6.95

    BILLING DIFFERENCES
    THEFT (METERS TAMPERED) LEAKAGES
    TOTAL

    0.14 4.35
    11.54 21.79

    0.64 19.96
    52.96 100.0

    0.14 4.35 25.87 36.12

    0.39 12.04 71.62 100.0

    UFG MONITORING TOOL (DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS)


    Zone Wise Hyderabad Region (July-February)

    50

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