Hong-giân

"Hong-giân" ê kî-tha ì-sù, chham-khó hong-giân (khu-pia̍t-ia̍h).

Hong-giân (方言; Eng-gí: dialect) it-poaⁿ iā kiò chò thó͘-ōe (土話)^[1], tī giân-gú-ha̍k siōng sī chi̍t ê giân-gú tī bô-kāng só͘-chāi he̍k-chiá jîn-kûn ê piàn-hêng.

Tēng-gī

Hong-giân kan-tán ê tēng-gī sī chí chi̍t-ê gián-gí lāi ū hō͘-siōng khó-lí-kái-sèng (mutual intelligibility) ê chi̍t kóa kiōng-chûn piàn-chéng (variety); chóng-sī chit khoán tēng-gī sī ū būn-tê--ê, in-ūi ū-sî bô-kâng gián-gí chi kan oa-na ū it-tēng thêng-tō͘ ê hō͘-siōng lí-kài khó-lêng (pí-lūn Sūi-tián-gí kap Nô͘-ui-gí).^[2]

Nā beh kui-la̍p chhut chi̍t-ê hong-giân, tāi-seng su-iàu jīn-tēng chhut chi̍t-ê hâm chē chióng piàn-chéng ê giân-gí. Ùi pún giân-gí ē-té ê ta̍k-ê piàn-chéng chi kan ū ho͘-im, sû-lūi, kap bûn-hoat ê cheng-chha. Hong-giân chi kan ê pian-kài sī hâm-hô͘--ê, liân-sòa ê tē-khu-sèng hong-giân ū khó-lêng sán-seng chi̍t tiâu hong-giân liān (dialect chain), he̍k-chiá kiò hong-giân liân-sio̍k-thé (dialect continuum),^[3] tang-tiong sio-óa ê nn̄g khoán hong-giân beh-kâng ê thêng-tō͘ pí bô sio-óa--ê khah koân.^[2]

Hong-giân chha-pia̍t

Hong-giân chi kan ê chha-pia̍t thang hun sò͘-liōng-sèng (quantitative) kap sèng-chit-sèng (qualitative) nn̄g-ê hong-bīn lâi liáu-kái.^[2]

Hong-giân chûn-chāi ê hêng-sek

Hong-giân thang hun chò tē-hng-seǹg hong-giân kap siā-hòe-sèng hong-giân (social dialect). Tē-hng-sèng ê hong-giân sī chiàu té-lí ê khu-he̍k lâi koat-tēng; nā siā-hòe-sèng ê hong-giân, sī chí san-seng tī sèng-pia̍t, nî-hòe kap cho̍k-hē téng in-sò͘ chi kan ê hong-giân.^[2]

Chham-khó

↑ Carstairs Douglas (1873). Chinese English dictionary of Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Richard Cameron (2010). "Dialect". Chū Patrick Colm Hogan. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866897.
↑ Carmen Llamas; Louise Mullany; Peter Stockwell, pian. (2006). "Glossary". The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. Routledge. ISBN 9781134303489.

Khòaⁿ lēng-gōa

[Eng-Hā-1] Carstairs Douglas (1873). Chinese English dictionary of Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.

[Cameron2010-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Richard Cameron (2010). "Dialect". Chū Patrick Colm Hogan. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866897.

[3] Carmen Llamas; Louise Mullany; Peter Stockwell, pian. (2006). "Glossary". The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. Routledge. ISBN 9781134303489.

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