Early Modern Natural History & Medicine by José Pardo-Tomás
Journal of the History of Collections, 2020
I cinque libri delle piante of Pier'Antonio Michiel (1510-1576) are kept in the Biblioteca Marcia... more I cinque libri delle piante of Pier'Antonio Michiel (1510-1576) are kept in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice. Eleven of the 1,028 plant drawings contained in their five volumes stand out for their notable stylistic differences from the rest. The authors advance the hypothesis that these eleven drawings derive from the work of indigenous scribe-artists in the Valley of Mexico. In tracing the various series of copies of them that circulated between New Spain, the Iberian peninsula and Italy, they highlight the important role played in the production and transportation of copies by Marcantonio Da Mula (1506-1572), and suggest the Spanish nobleman Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c.1503-1575) as the link between the Spanish court and Michiel's native Venice.
L'admirable greffier de nature. Héritages botaniques et zoologiques de Pline au XVIe siècle, Dominique Brancher, ed. , 2023
by librairie droz s.a., 11, rue massot, genève. ce fichier électronique est un tiré à part. Il ne... more by librairie droz s.a., 11, rue massot, genève. ce fichier électronique est un tiré à part. Il ne peut en aucun cas être modifié. l' (les) auteur (s) de ce document a/ont l'autorisation d'en diffuser vingt-cinq exemplaires dans le cadre d'une utilisation personnelle ou à destination exclusive des membres (étudiants et chercheurs) de leur institution. Il n'est pas permis de mettre ce pdF à disposition sur Internet, de le vendre ou de le diffuser sans autorisation écrite de l'éditeur.
Utopismos circulares. Contextos amerindios de la modernidad, Julián García López y Óscar Muñoz Morán, eds., 2021
Madrid-Francfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, pp. .
Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 48 /1: pp. 37-56, 2023
[Text in Spanish] The re-discovery of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza’s herbaria in the Library of El Es... more [Text in Spanish] The re-discovery of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza’s herbaria in the Library of El Escorial allows us to offer a somewhat different look at the library of this aristocrat, diplomat, collector and poet from Granada. As his library passed into the hands of Felipe II when Mendoza died in 1575, the herbaria were incorporated into the whole cultural, political and artistic program of the Royal monas- tery-palace-mausoleum. This paper aims to propose a new look to these herbaria within the two cultural contexts in which they lived. Both based, not only in the Mendoza’s library as a space of constructing knowledge about the natural world, but also playing different roles inside a library which had moved between Italy (Venice, Trent, Padua, Bologna, Rome) and Spain (Granada, Madrid, El Escorial) over four decisive decades for the future of the Catholic Monarchy.
Pensar la medicina amb la història. Homentage a la Professora Maria José Báguena Cervellera, Carmel Ferragud i José Ramón Bertomeu, eds. València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, pp. 37-51. , 2023
[Text of the article in Catalan] The paper is an approach to the history of the avocado in Europe... more [Text of the article in Catalan] The paper is an approach to the history of the avocado in Europe, in particular, in the context of the exchanges between naturalists of the Republic of Letters, from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-eighteenth century. In those two centuries, the presence of avocado trees in the hands of the Franciscans in the city of Valencia acted as a focus of attraction for travellers interested in materia medica and natural history: Clusius, Tournefort, Jussieu ... Little-known or unpublished archival sources from the Gabinete Salvador in Barcelona and the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris are provided.
en Angélica Morales, Cynthia Radding, Jaime Marroquín, eds. Los saberes jesuitas en la primera gl... more en Angélica Morales, Cynthia Radding, Jaime Marroquín, eds. Los saberes jesuitas en la primera globalización (siglos XVI-XVIII), México, Siglo XXI-CEIICH UNAM, pp. 56-97.
Un mondo di Relazioni. Giovanni Botero e i saperi nella Roma del Cinquecento, E. Andretta, R. Descendre & A. Romano, eds. , Roma, Viella, 2021: pp. 279-316. , 2021
Este capítulo se propone situar el foco no en esa generación que leyó a Botero de la que habló G... more Este capítulo se propone situar el foco no en esa generación que leyó a Botero de la que habló Gil-Pujol (2017), sino en la inmediatamente anterior, rigurosamente coetánea de Botero. La generación que comenzó realmente a leerlo, porque fue la que lo tradujo y lo editó en España. Así es que el foco de nuestro interés se ubica en los años finales del reinado de Felipe II y los primeros años del reinado de Felipe III. En esa coyuntura específica, el capítulo se ocupa de la producción y recepción de las Relazioni universali, de los dos programas editoriales diferenciados que las tradujeron, pero también de la reelaboración o ampliación que Botero escribió durante o como consecuencia de su estancia en España, en la corte de Felipe III como instructor de los príncipes saboyanos.
Journal of the History of Collections, 2020
I cinque Iibri delle piante of Pie r'Antonio Michiel (1510-1576) are kept in the
Biblioteca Marri... more I cinque Iibri delle piante of Pie r'Antonio Michiel (1510-1576) are kept in the
Biblioteca Marriana in Venice. Eleven of the 1,028 plant drawings contained in their
five volumes stand out for their notable stylistic differences from the rest. The
authors advance the hypothesis that these eleven drawings derive/ram the work of
indigenous scribe-artists in the Valley of Mexico. In tracing the various series of
copies of them that circulated between New Spain, the Iberian peninsula and Italy,
they highlight the important role played in the production and transportation of
copies by Marcantonio Da Mula (1506-1572), and suggest the Spanish nobleman
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c.1503 - 1575) as the link between the Spanish court and
Michiel's native Venice.
History of Science, 2019
This article sets out to throw light on the intellectual and scientific activities of a group of ... more This article sets out to throw light on the intellectual and scientific activities of a group of Spanish humanists associated with the diplomat, aristocrat, and writer Diego Hurtado de Mendoza in the course of his fifteen years in Venice, Trent, and Rome, focusing on two aspects that have been neglected to date. These are (a) the integration of practices connected with the study of nature (herborizing expeditions and the production of herbaria) with the work of collating, translating, and commenting on classical texts dealing with natural history and materia medica; and (b) the insertion of these scientific activities in Italy by the Spanish subjects of the Emperor Charles V within the broader context of a specific cultural policy. This policy would later be fleshed out in the scientific project of the Spanish Crown under Philip II, inseparable as it was from the monarch’s political and religious policy.
Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [On line], 2019
The paper is based on the hypothesis that the Philippines was a territory colonized from New Spai... more The paper is based on the hypothesis that the Philippines was a territory colonized from New Spain and served as experience, accumulation, memory and practice for other spaces colonized from New Spain, mainly the North of Mexico and California. Although the Jesuits hegemonized the missionary-colonizing voice in those territories (the Philippines first, then the North), there were precedent ways of writing the natural history that the Jesuits knew, learned and, finally, appropriated and adapted. The paper presents one of the first attempts of writing the natural history of the Philippines, Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas – published in Mexico, in 1609, but written between 1595 and 1603 – to compare it with the first natural history of the Philippines produced by a Jesuit, Pedro Chirino, published in Rome, in 1604.
El trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que el archipiélago de las Filipinas, territorio colonizado desde la Nueva España, sirvió de experiencia, acúmulo, memoria y práctica para la colonización novohispana de otros territorios, señaladamente el Septentrión y las Californias. Si bien los jesuitas hegemonizaron la voz misional-colonizadora en esos territorios (Filipinas primero, el Norte después), antes hubo otros estilos, formas y maneras de escribir la historia natural que los jesuitas conocieron, aprendieron y, finalmente, se apropiaron y adaptaron. Trataremos de analizar uno de los primeros textos que plantean una forma de escribir la historia natural de las Filipinas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, de Antonio de Morga (publicada en México, en 1609, pero escrita entre 1595 y 1603) para compararla con la primera historia natural de las Filipinas hecha por un jesuita, la de Pedro Chirino, publicada en Roma, en 1604.
Connecting Worlds: Production and Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age, eds. Amélia P... more Connecting Worlds: Production and Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age, eds. Amélia Polónia, Fabiano Bracht & Gisele C. Conceição. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, pp. 154-182.
Andretta, Elisa; Pardo-Tomás, José
RIVISTA STORICA ITALIANA, 129 (2) 2017: 417-456
Abstract: In 1... more Andretta, Elisa; Pardo-Tomás, José
RIVISTA STORICA ITALIANA, 129 (2) 2017: 417-456
Abstract: In 1555 Spanish physician and naturalist Andres Laguna (1511?-1559) published his commented Spanish translation of Disocoride's Materia medica which he addressed to prince Philip who was about to be crowned King of Spain. The work quickly became an essential reference, even outside Spain, and contributed to the circulation of natural and medical knowledge in the late Renaissance while being reissued numerous times. Starting from an examination of the material and intellectual conditions surrounding the production of this work, our article reflects on the development of a renewed medical and natural knowledge while devoting special attention to how the new information was assimilated and put in circulation in often widely disparate geographic, social and intellectual contexts. Our aim is to examine Laguna's world vision in political and cultural terms and how Laguna generated it by reconstructing the natural productions of the world and their therapeutic use. Our aim is try and capture the image of the Iberian empires that took shape in his translation and commentaries without losing sight of the fact that this occurred in a very particular political context: that of the delicate transfer of power from Charles V to Philip II.
De la circulación del conocimiento a la inducción de la ignorancia. Culturas médicas trasatlánticas, siglos XVI y XVII, 2016
El volumen que hoy presentamos es el resultado del Simposio
Internacional “De la circulación del... more El volumen que hoy presentamos es el resultado del Simposio
Internacional “De la circulación del conocimiento a la inducción
de la ignorancia. Historia de las plantas medicinales (siglos XVIXVII). Varios de quienes escribimos aquí hemos reflexionado en
torno al surgimiento y caracterización de la cultura médica novohispana
de los siglos XVI-XVII. Las preguntas que guiaron la escritura
de los capítulos se formularon en torno a cómo ciertos cuerpos
de conocimientos y saberes fueron expropiados, resignificados
o traducidos en el proceso colonial. Otros autores del volumen
optaron por analizar procesos vinculados con las yuxtaposiciones
entre viejos esquemas y paradigmas al momento de repensar
las enfermedades y sus litigios, lo que abona al estudio de los
espacios de intersección entre diferentes “agentes” sociales al
momento de configurar una cultura médica compartida.
History of Science, 2017
In this article, we try to explain the origin of a disagreement; the sort that often arises when ... more In this article, we try to explain the origin of a disagreement; the sort that often arises when the subject is the history of early modern Spanish science. In the decades between 1970 and 1990, while some historians were trying to include Spain in the grand narrative of the rise of modern science, the very historical category of the Scientific Revolution was beginning to be dismantled. It could be said that Spaniards were boarding the flagship of modern science right before it sank. To understand this décalage it would be helpful to recall the role of the history of science during the years after the Franco dictatorship and Spain's transition to democracy. It was a discipline useful for putting behind us the Black Legend and Spanish exceptionalism.
Journal: Histoire, médecine et santé, 11, été 2017: 77-97. The paper analyses how the work of Fra... more Journal: Histoire, médecine et santé, 11, été 2017: 77-97. The paper analyses how the work of Francisco Hernández (ca. 1514-1587) was constructed throughout the seven years he worked in Mexico, sent by Philip II as part of a profound renewal of government forms in the colonial domains, in a project which was at the same time—and not always in a harmonious way—his personal project and that which had been commanded by the royal power. Through this case study, we intend to reflect on the plurality of conceptions on what natural history was for 16th century European trained physicians, how to practice it and, above all, how to write it.
This document includes the contents and the editors' introduction to a book on New Spain medical ... more This document includes the contents and the editors' introduction to a book on New Spain medical cultures in 16th and 17th Centuries. The five chapters (authored by both the editors, and Angélica Morales, Mariluz López and John Slater) as well as the epilogue by Alfredo López Austin show various issues of a multidisciplinary attempt to analyse and understand the complex interactions betweens different medical cultures that found in Mesoamerican territory after 1520.
La construcción social de la ignorancia, ed. Angélica Morales Sarabia, José Pardo-Tomás & Mauricio Sánchez Menchero. México, UNAM, 2017
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Early Modern Natural History & Medicine by José Pardo-Tomás
Biblioteca Marriana in Venice. Eleven of the 1,028 plant drawings contained in their
five volumes stand out for their notable stylistic differences from the rest. The
authors advance the hypothesis that these eleven drawings derive/ram the work of
indigenous scribe-artists in the Valley of Mexico. In tracing the various series of
copies of them that circulated between New Spain, the Iberian peninsula and Italy,
they highlight the important role played in the production and transportation of
copies by Marcantonio Da Mula (1506-1572), and suggest the Spanish nobleman
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c.1503 - 1575) as the link between the Spanish court and
Michiel's native Venice.
El trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que el archipiélago de las Filipinas, territorio colonizado desde la Nueva España, sirvió de experiencia, acúmulo, memoria y práctica para la colonización novohispana de otros territorios, señaladamente el Septentrión y las Californias. Si bien los jesuitas hegemonizaron la voz misional-colonizadora en esos territorios (Filipinas primero, el Norte después), antes hubo otros estilos, formas y maneras de escribir la historia natural que los jesuitas conocieron, aprendieron y, finalmente, se apropiaron y adaptaron. Trataremos de analizar uno de los primeros textos que plantean una forma de escribir la historia natural de las Filipinas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, de Antonio de Morga (publicada en México, en 1609, pero escrita entre 1595 y 1603) para compararla con la primera historia natural de las Filipinas hecha por un jesuita, la de Pedro Chirino, publicada en Roma, en 1604.
RIVISTA STORICA ITALIANA, 129 (2) 2017: 417-456
Abstract: In 1555 Spanish physician and naturalist Andres Laguna (1511?-1559) published his commented Spanish translation of Disocoride's Materia medica which he addressed to prince Philip who was about to be crowned King of Spain. The work quickly became an essential reference, even outside Spain, and contributed to the circulation of natural and medical knowledge in the late Renaissance while being reissued numerous times. Starting from an examination of the material and intellectual conditions surrounding the production of this work, our article reflects on the development of a renewed medical and natural knowledge while devoting special attention to how the new information was assimilated and put in circulation in often widely disparate geographic, social and intellectual contexts. Our aim is to examine Laguna's world vision in political and cultural terms and how Laguna generated it by reconstructing the natural productions of the world and their therapeutic use. Our aim is try and capture the image of the Iberian empires that took shape in his translation and commentaries without losing sight of the fact that this occurred in a very particular political context: that of the delicate transfer of power from Charles V to Philip II.
Internacional “De la circulación del conocimiento a la inducción
de la ignorancia. Historia de las plantas medicinales (siglos XVIXVII). Varios de quienes escribimos aquí hemos reflexionado en
torno al surgimiento y caracterización de la cultura médica novohispana
de los siglos XVI-XVII. Las preguntas que guiaron la escritura
de los capítulos se formularon en torno a cómo ciertos cuerpos
de conocimientos y saberes fueron expropiados, resignificados
o traducidos en el proceso colonial. Otros autores del volumen
optaron por analizar procesos vinculados con las yuxtaposiciones
entre viejos esquemas y paradigmas al momento de repensar
las enfermedades y sus litigios, lo que abona al estudio de los
espacios de intersección entre diferentes “agentes” sociales al
momento de configurar una cultura médica compartida.
Biblioteca Marriana in Venice. Eleven of the 1,028 plant drawings contained in their
five volumes stand out for their notable stylistic differences from the rest. The
authors advance the hypothesis that these eleven drawings derive/ram the work of
indigenous scribe-artists in the Valley of Mexico. In tracing the various series of
copies of them that circulated between New Spain, the Iberian peninsula and Italy,
they highlight the important role played in the production and transportation of
copies by Marcantonio Da Mula (1506-1572), and suggest the Spanish nobleman
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (c.1503 - 1575) as the link between the Spanish court and
Michiel's native Venice.
El trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que el archipiélago de las Filipinas, territorio colonizado desde la Nueva España, sirvió de experiencia, acúmulo, memoria y práctica para la colonización novohispana de otros territorios, señaladamente el Septentrión y las Californias. Si bien los jesuitas hegemonizaron la voz misional-colonizadora en esos territorios (Filipinas primero, el Norte después), antes hubo otros estilos, formas y maneras de escribir la historia natural que los jesuitas conocieron, aprendieron y, finalmente, se apropiaron y adaptaron. Trataremos de analizar uno de los primeros textos que plantean una forma de escribir la historia natural de las Filipinas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, de Antonio de Morga (publicada en México, en 1609, pero escrita entre 1595 y 1603) para compararla con la primera historia natural de las Filipinas hecha por un jesuita, la de Pedro Chirino, publicada en Roma, en 1604.
RIVISTA STORICA ITALIANA, 129 (2) 2017: 417-456
Abstract: In 1555 Spanish physician and naturalist Andres Laguna (1511?-1559) published his commented Spanish translation of Disocoride's Materia medica which he addressed to prince Philip who was about to be crowned King of Spain. The work quickly became an essential reference, even outside Spain, and contributed to the circulation of natural and medical knowledge in the late Renaissance while being reissued numerous times. Starting from an examination of the material and intellectual conditions surrounding the production of this work, our article reflects on the development of a renewed medical and natural knowledge while devoting special attention to how the new information was assimilated and put in circulation in often widely disparate geographic, social and intellectual contexts. Our aim is to examine Laguna's world vision in political and cultural terms and how Laguna generated it by reconstructing the natural productions of the world and their therapeutic use. Our aim is try and capture the image of the Iberian empires that took shape in his translation and commentaries without losing sight of the fact that this occurred in a very particular political context: that of the delicate transfer of power from Charles V to Philip II.
Internacional “De la circulación del conocimiento a la inducción
de la ignorancia. Historia de las plantas medicinales (siglos XVIXVII). Varios de quienes escribimos aquí hemos reflexionado en
torno al surgimiento y caracterización de la cultura médica novohispana
de los siglos XVI-XVII. Las preguntas que guiaron la escritura
de los capítulos se formularon en torno a cómo ciertos cuerpos
de conocimientos y saberes fueron expropiados, resignificados
o traducidos en el proceso colonial. Otros autores del volumen
optaron por analizar procesos vinculados con las yuxtaposiciones
entre viejos esquemas y paradigmas al momento de repensar
las enfermedades y sus litigios, lo que abona al estudio de los
espacios de intersección entre diferentes “agentes” sociales al
momento de configurar una cultura médica compartida.
Universidad de la República, cuyo edificio data de 1911, existe una
colección de ceras embriológicas, magníficamente conservada, aunque hasta ahora no ha sido debidamente estudiada desde el punto de vista histórico.
antiquarian. Mr Arellano tried to sell the collection, an operation that involved the division of the collection into two parts. The ‘theatrical’ part was sold to the city of Barcelona and the ‘medical’ part was acquired by Leo Coolen, a Belgian collector. The third part of the chapter focuses on the new uses of the anatomical collection, from Coolen’s Wunderkammern to the exhibition contexts, public and private, devised or supported by the new owner.
Disaster narratives in Early Modern Naples. Politics, communi- cation and culture, Domenico Cecere, Chiara de Caprio, Lorenza Gianfrancesco, Pasquale Pal- meri, eds., Viella, Roma, 2018, 262 p. ISBN 978-88-6728-645-4.
Historiar las catástrofes, María Dolores Lorenzo, Miguel Rodríguez y David Marcilhacy, coords. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur les Mondes Ibériques Contempo- rains, México, 2019. 384 p. ISBN 978-607-30-2583-6. Disponible en línea: https://www.historicas.unam.mx/publicaciones/publicadigital/ libros/709/historiar_catastrofes.html
Today reference is made, with some justification, to a ‘crisis in the humanities’, a problematic situation increasingly confronted by intellectuals and one that may have major consequences well beyond the cultural field as such. Are the humanities necessary? We believe they are; indeed, we are absolutely convinced they are. It would be difficult to learn to live together, not only amongst each other as human beings but also with the environment which we inhabit, if we do not do so on the basis of knowledge and values inherent to and offered by the humanities.
One of the characteristic traits of humanities studies is critical thinking, not only as regards what is necessary in order to deepen knowledge, but also as regards academic practice in the disciplines. This means that continual re-thinking is required since not to do so would imply lack of awareness of the profound changes—and so needs—experienced by society, changes that without a doubt are already taking place in a process of constant acceleration.
What direction, then, should the humanities follow given the changes and social challenges that confront us today? What should their role be in the highly critical anthropocene moment in which we are living? To what extent do the humanities need reformulation, reconsideration or even overturning of the very humanist mode of thinking from which they derive?
These are some of the questions to be tackled by specialists in the field throughout the international conference ‘Humanities in Transition’ organized by the Institution Milà i Fontanals of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 23-26 October 2018, to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the Institute’s foundation.
Information: http://humanitiesconference.imf.csic.es/
Scientific Committee:
Ivan Armenteros Martínez
Oliver Hochadel
Tess Knighton
Josep Martí
Débora Zurro Hernández
Organizational Committee:
Secretary: Carmen Losada Fernández, Marta Manso Rubio
Administration: Pilar Sánchez, Ana Jiménez, José Fructuoso
Publicity: Maria Gil, Álvaro Rodríguez de la Fuente
General organization: Ivan Armenteros Martínez
Coordination: Josep Martí
https://museuciencies.cat/exposicio_temporal/salvadoriana/
https://museuciencies.cat/el-nat/les-seus/museu-de-ciencies-naturals-de-barcelona/10-anys-al-forum/illa-gabinet-salvador/
https://www.museuobert.cat/ca/gabinet-salvador/
The exhibit was held at the University of Cantabria, Santander (Spain) between October 18, 2018- January 19, 2019. It was curated by Montserrat Cabré and María Cruz de Carlos.
A catalogue with articles by Montserrat Cabré, María Cruz de Carlos, Peter Cherry, Natalie Davis, Esther Guillén, José Pardo-Tomás, Gloria Pérez de Rada and Jaya Remond can be downloaded from the exhibition’s website.
Access: https://cutt.ly/ayLAmsm
This exploratory workshop has been designed with a two-fold purpose. On the one hand, it aims to substantially contribute to the conceptualisation and design of a ground-breaking digital humanities project dedicated to the so-called Tesoro Messicano (Mexican Treasury) and its multiple production and circulation contexts between the old and new worlds. On the other hand, it introduces a series of working meetings that are expected to boost a highly innovative research agenda focusing on the complex relationships between cultural heritage and history. Thus, the potential of the concept of paper-heritage-making will be analysed, and thoroughly discussed at the analytical crossroad between a historical issue (heritage as a process), a conceptual resource (digital), and an impact strategy oriented towards the circulation of knowledge and know-how, interdisciplinary training-through research, and social participation. This multilevel approach will continuously return to Rome, meant as both a trans-local urban space, opened to further comparison and entanglement, and a complex global dimension materialised through scholarly, diplomatic and missionary networks as well as multiple contexts of plural confessional cultures.
The workshop argues for the Mexican Treasury as a paper-monument, i.e. a complex artefact made up of strict interconnections of textual, visual and material dimensions, fostering shifting entanglements of knowledge practices, multiple searches for legitimation, political claims, and competing memory production. As is well known, the Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus was published in 1651 as the late result of Francisco Hernández’s complex medical and natural-historical legacy. Though many actors participating in its plural and long-lasting making regarded this “monstrous” in-folio as a scientific failure, it was nevertheless published in Rome. While the Papal city was losing its political centrality in Europe and renegotiating its universal aurea, the Mexican Treasury was resumed, and a complex bulk of knowledge on the natural American world was made public after lengthy exposure to different appropriations, re-significations and sedimentations, thus reinventing spatial and temporal junctures with the earlier past.
In the last years, the apparently increasing scholarly attention towards such a “born-old” natural history of the new worlds invites us to reflect on its multiple material dimensions, plural contexts, and different uses. By opening up a collective reflection on this paper-monument, the time is now ripe to thematise the Papal city as a complex urban space of paper sedimentation, artefact entrapments, as well as a trans-local communicative arena where knowledge-making and competing processes of value-creation, resignification, oblivion and destruction, continuously renegotiate the future.