Objective: To find out the number and variety of different surgeries performed at the operation t... more Objective: To find out the number and variety of different surgeries performed at the operation theatre of the Dow UniversityHospital. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2011, hospital operation theatre record was reviewed. Main outcome measureswere age, gender, medical record (MR) number, name of operations with their indications, specialty and type of anesthesia used duringthe procedure, type of surgery. Monthly trend of surgeries were also evaluated. Results: The total numbers of operations performedduring first year of operation theatre working were 539 cases. Number of emergency surgeries done was 42 (7.79%) and elective were497 (92.2%).Surgeries performed by General Surgery, Gynecology and Plastic surgery department were 319 (59.18%), 61 (11.3%), 54(10.0%). MR Number was not present in record register in 306 (56.7%) cases, indication for surgery was not written in 274 (50.8%)cases and name of surgery was missing in 18 (3.3%) cases. The most common case performed were diffe...
Objective: To find out reasons for cancellation of operation on the day of surgeryin the Surgical... more Objective: To find out reasons for cancellation of operation on the day of surgeryin the Surgical Department of Civil Hospital Karachi. Design: Observational study. Setting &Period: All operation theatre bookings of the Civil Hospital Surgical Department from July 2010 toOctober 2010 have been studied by using the ‘daily operating theatre lists’. Frequency ofcancellation, type of surgeries cancelled and their reasons studied. Results: Out of total 455cases, 97 (21%) surgical operations were cancelled on the day of surgery, highlighting patients’non-compliance as a major contributing reason, followed by the lack of operating room time andother causes. Among the less contributing factors were patient expiry on table, failure toadminister anesthesia and delay in operation due to exams (engagement of patients inundergraduate exam in the college). Conclusions: Patients non-compliance is a majorchallenging factor that causes a large number of cancellations of operations in the Civil Hospi...
To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakist... more To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakistan. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed as cholelithiasis on ultrasonography were included in the study. Data collection through interview included age, sex, marital status, parity, height and weight. On the basis of height and weight Quetelet's body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2) was calculated. Data collected also included Lipid profile Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. Setting and Period: This study was done at Department of Surgery, Dow University Hospital for a period of 6 months from February to July 2015. Results: 70% of patients were above 40 years of age, 88% were female, and 83.3% were multiparous while only 32% had BMI above 23. Conclusion: Female gender, fertility, middle age and flatulence are the common risk factors of gallstone formation while obesity is not a definite risk factor in Pakistan.
To determine patient satisfaction with and 118 (57%) females were included in this the Surgical a... more To determine patient satisfaction with and 118 (57%) females were included in this the Surgical and Orthopedic Outpatient study. Consultation time scored maximum with a
To study the prevalence of low back pain in medical and nursing undergraduate students in our ins... more To study the prevalence of low back pain in medical and nursing undergraduate students in our institutes and its association with physical activity, smoking, depression, use of computer and other variables. It was a comparative cross sectional study carried out at two institutes of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan during October to December 2011. Two hundred and fifteen undergraduate students representing different semesters were asked to fill out the structured questionnaire. Back pain was assessed in terms of lifetime, one year and point prevalence. Bivariate analysis was done to study the relationship between back pain and different variables; including gender, study program, smoking, computer use, depression and level of physical activity. Both the groups were compared for duration/intensity of pain, seeking medical advice and duration of computer use. There were 183 undergraduate students who completed the questionnaire for back pain. Mean age was 22.84 (SD ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2014
To assess the utilisation pattern of smart phones by residents and consultants with respect to th... more To assess the utilisation pattern of smart phones by residents and consultants with respect to their clinical work and academics. The cross-sectional study was carried out in orthopaedic departments of various hospitals in Karachi in July 2014. Orthopaedic residents and consultants were asked to fill a questionnaire containing various questions, including utilisation of their smart phones for professional applications, books, internet and emails; and sharing of clinical data. A total of 98residents and consultants were approached and 83(84.7%) of them filled up the questionnaire. Of them, 70(84.3%) owned a smart phone and represented the study sample. Of them, 60(85.7%) were using applications on their mobile phone; and 27(38.6%) were using them for sharing clinical data with colleagues. The use of smart phone applications was more among residents than consultants (p=0.010) and the same applied to data sharing (p=0.028). AO Surgery reference was the most utilised application in 43(6...
Pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal tr... more Pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in Pakistan. This study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. After taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practice conditions from July to October 2010. All the patients were asked a set of standard questions which related to the information they were provided before the operation as a part of standard informed consent practice. Most i.e. 307 (87.7%) patients were informed about their condition but very few 12 (3.4%) were briefed regarding complications. Only 17 (4.9%) patients said they knew about the risks and complications of proposed anesthesia. One hundred thirty-eight (39.4%) patients said that they were allowed to ask questions while giving consent. Most of the time 196 (56%) consent was taken one day before surgery b...
is working to introduce e-learning both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. One of the first... more is working to introduce e-learning both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. One of the first pilot projects about e-learning research module was started in 2011. 6 In this module basic topics of research were covered which included research topic selection, literature search, study designs,
Objectives: To compare the frequency and severity of headache after topical application of 0.2%-g... more Objectives: To compare the frequency and severity of headache after topical application of 0.2%-glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) versus 2%-diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. Methodology: This clinical trial was carried out in the outpatient department of all surgical units of the Civil Hospital Karachi from 21st August 2009 to 20th February 2010. Eighty patients of chronic anal fissure were randomly assigned to receive topical 0.2%-GTN (group A) and 2%-diltiazem ointments (group B). Forty patients were included in each group. Frequency and severity of headache were then determined with one week of follow-up. The SPSS version 11 was used for the data analysis. Results: There were 65 (81.3%) males and 15 (18.7%) females with a mean (+SD) age of 38.79 (+14.86) years. There was a statistically significant difference in headache (30% in the GTN versus 7.5% in the diltiazem group; p=0.02). In two (5%) patients of the GTN group, the treatment had to be abandoned due to severe headache. However, none of the participants of the diltiazem group experienced severe pain. Conclusion: Headache is common with the use of topical GTN ointment as compared to topical diltiazem. It is sometimes severe enough to compel the patient to discontinue treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the attendance of medical students in the lectures and to identify differe... more Objective: To evaluate the attendance of medical students in the lectures and to identify different factors responsible for low attendance. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at three medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan during July to September 2012. Medical students of 3rd year and above representing different medical colleges were asked to fill out a questionnaire to assess the different reasons why medical students tend to absent themselves from lectures, their views regarding content and quality of lectures. Students having attendance of 50% or more were included in the study. Results: A total of 509 student responded to the survey. Two hundred and eighty two students (having >50% attendance in the last semester) were included in the study. Mean age was 21.14 ± 1.9 years. There were 110 (39%) males and 172 (61%) females. The two most common reasons for not attending the lectures were; timing of the lectures not adjusted according to the students schedule (n=180; 63.8%) and the students preferred self/group study over lectures (n=198; 70.2%). On the other hand majority of the students (n=173; 61.3%) were also of the opinion that it is difficult and complex to learn without lectures. Conclusion: There are various reasons for absenteeism from lectures including timing of the lectures and preference for self study. These need to be rectified in order to strengthen the learning process in medical undergraduates.
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2009
To compare the symptomatic relief, healing and side-effects of topical diltiazem (DTZ) and glycer... more To compare the symptomatic relief, healing and side-effects of topical diltiazem (DTZ) and glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Randomized controlled trial. The Surgical Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital, Karachi, from March 2006 to February 2007. Patients with chronic anal fissure were included in the study and randomized to two groups. One group was administered topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride and other was given 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), perianally twice daily for 8 weeks. Patients with anal fissure due to other diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, sexually transmitted diseases, previous treatment with local ointment or surgery; patients who required anal surgery for any concurrent disease like hemorrhoids, pregnant women and patients with significant cardiovascular conditions were excluded. There were four follow-up sessions during the course of treatment. Healing and side-effects were recorded. Analysis was done by SPSS v...
Objective: Patients' attitude towards medical students' presence during treatment depends on the ... more Objective: Patients' attitude towards medical students' presence during treatment depends on the cultural values of the society. This study was conducted to find out the patients' receptiveness in our society to be involved in teaching process for medical students during consultation in out patient department of a teaching hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the surgical Out Patient Department (OPD) at Dow University Hospital from May 2012 to June 2012. Four hundred and eleven patients consented for participation through non probability purposive sampling, in which 279 patients were from morning clinics in the presence of students for clinical teaching, while 132 patients participated through evening clinics of surgery, when students were not present for comparison in specific dimensions of care for patients' satisfaction. Results: Majority of patients 293 (71%) agreed with the teaching of students during consultation and they feel they are contributing in future doctor's teaching, only 24% patients disagreed. Fifty two percent of patients who disagreed reported interference in privacy, 34% reported interference in consultation and 43% felt it resulted in prolong waiting time due to teaching. Conclusion: Majority of the patients agree to be part of teaching for medical students and this study can be used to assess the educational interventions designed to improve the patient based teaching.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of pre-operative analgesia and patient's satisfaction at... more OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of pre-operative analgesia and patient's satisfaction at the accident and emergency department, in terms of pain relief. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Accident and Emergency ...
Artificial Intelligence is no more the talk of the fiction read in novels or seen in movies. It h... more Artificial Intelligence is no more the talk of the fiction read in novels or seen in movies. It has been making inroads slowly and gradually in medical education and clinical management of patients apart from all other walks of life. Recently, chatbots particularly ChatGPT, were developed and trained, using a huge amount of textual data from the internet. This has made a significant impact on our approach in medical science. Though there are benefits of this new technology, a lot of caution is required for its use. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653 How to cite this: Khan RA, Jawaid M, Khan AR, Sajjad M. ChatGPT - Reshaping medical education and clinical management. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro...
Objective: Clinical education is an important component of undergraduate medical education. This ... more Objective: Clinical education is an important component of undergraduate medical education. This study compares the efficacy of blended learning (BL) with contemporary face to face (F2F) teaching among medical students by assessing their OSCE scores at end of clinical posting. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Dow University of Health Sciences from March to August 2014. Third-year medical students posted in the surgical units were divided into two groups. In the first month, one group in the unit was taught by BL while the second group posted in another unit was taught by F2F teaching. Both groups were assessed by same OSCE. In the second month, teaching method was flipped for both the groups with new learning contents. assessment was by the same OSCE for both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23 with inferential statistics with independent sample t test. Results: A total of 28 students were assessed at the end of posting OSCE in F2F group and 31 students in ...
Background and Objective: Augmented Reality (AR) is an effective tool for learning as well as mar... more Background and Objective: Augmented Reality (AR) is an effective tool for learning as well as marketing with multilateral interactive communication. It allows brands to give their customers unique experiences with the convenience of tapping into their mobile devices. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to learn through AR and its effectiveness in HCPs’ engagement and learning experience. Methods: An interventional study was conducted with HCPs across various tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from May 2020 till December 2020. An AR based activity was carried out with the HCPs where they used pictures of objects around them to create a message. These were geo-tagged to a question related to hypertension and participants answered each question. Mobile application – WallaMe was utilized for this activity. At the end of the activity, HCPs were requested to fill a feedback form based on their experience with the AR app. Data was entered ...
The Digital revolution is set to influence medicine significantly in the coming days. Healthcare ... more The Digital revolution is set to influence medicine significantly in the coming days. Healthcare professionals should embrace the positive potential of social media (SM) and social networking sites (SNSs) and take advantage of these technologies and tools for their personal and professional development but also be aware of the potential impact of their online behaviors.Moorhead et al identified six arching domains of social media use by the general public, patients, and health professionals. These include Information provision and answering questions on various conditions; facilitation of dialogue between patients, and patients and healthcare professionals; data collection on patient experiences and opinions; SM use for health intervention;health promotion and health education; reduction of stigma & online consultations (Moorhead et al., 2013). Social media has various advantages, such as reaching an extensive audience, low cost, peer/social/emotional support, helping students to ke...
Objectives Treatment adherence is crucial to the success of a management plan. The objectives of ... more Objectives Treatment adherence is crucial to the success of a management plan. The objectives of this study are (i) to assess medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases, (ii) to assess if physicians correctly perceive medication adherence among said patients, and (iii) to investigate the factors associated with low drug adherence. Materials & methods This observational cross-sectional study included 283 patients and 208 physicians from various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants in the "patient group" completed the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale form. The participants in the "physician group" completed a questionnaire with questions related to their perception of their patients' characteristics of adherence to medical prescriptions. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 22.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The actual incidence of low drug adherence...
The authors studied the prevalence of psychological morbidity, sources and severity of stresses, ... more The authors studied the prevalence of psychological morbidity, sources and severity of stresses, as well as coping strategies in Pakistani medical students. Medical students in Lahore, Pakistan, completed a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire in 2013 on the sources and severity of various stressors. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Brief COPE assessed the psychological morbidity and coping strategies. Out of 1500 students, 527 responded to the survey. The prevalence of psychological morbidity was 23.3 %; 52.3 % respondents showed evidence of distress. By logistic regression analysis, GHQ-12 caseness was associated with being male and occurrence of health-related stressors. The most common stressors were related to academic concerns. Coping strategies showed variation by GHQ-caseness. The significant psychological morbidity and distress warrants establishing support systems to support students and bringing about evidence-based changes to teaching and evaluation systems. Adequate counseling facilities should be made available and students encouraged to seek help.
Background: Quality of educational environment is one of the most important aspects among the fac... more Background: Quality of educational environment is one of the most important aspects among the factors associated with effective learning. Understanding students’ perceptions of their educational environment and identification of its strengths and weaknesses can be the first step in taking measures to implement positive changes. The aim of the study was to objectively assess whether the Medical educational environment across multiple undergraduate teaching sites in Pakistan was at an acceptable standard and if its perception among students varied at different institutes and is influenced by gender. Method: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted across six undergraduate medical institutes in four provinces of Pakistan namely King Edward Medical University, Fatima Memorial Medical College, Dow University of Health sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Ayub Medical College and Bolan Medical College. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was administered to all the medical students who consented to take part in the study. Result: Total respondents were2083 with 1311(63%) females and 773(37%) males. Total Mean DREEM score was found positive (105/200). Students perception of learning was positive (25.1/48), perception of teachers as “in need of some retraining”(22.5/44) & students’ academic self-perceptions was positive (17.2/32). Student’s social self-perception was also positive (15.4/28) while they perceived atmosphere as “having many issues which needs changing”(24.8/48). Female students & preclinical year students’ perceived environment as more positive than male students and students belonging to clinical years. Conclusion: Mean DREEM score in all medical collegeswas 105/200. Highest score was found in domain of student’s social self-perceptions and lowest in domain of student’s perception of teachers
Objective: To find out the number and variety of different surgeries performed at the operation t... more Objective: To find out the number and variety of different surgeries performed at the operation theatre of the Dow UniversityHospital. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2011, hospital operation theatre record was reviewed. Main outcome measureswere age, gender, medical record (MR) number, name of operations with their indications, specialty and type of anesthesia used duringthe procedure, type of surgery. Monthly trend of surgeries were also evaluated. Results: The total numbers of operations performedduring first year of operation theatre working were 539 cases. Number of emergency surgeries done was 42 (7.79%) and elective were497 (92.2%).Surgeries performed by General Surgery, Gynecology and Plastic surgery department were 319 (59.18%), 61 (11.3%), 54(10.0%). MR Number was not present in record register in 306 (56.7%) cases, indication for surgery was not written in 274 (50.8%)cases and name of surgery was missing in 18 (3.3%) cases. The most common case performed were diffe...
Objective: To find out reasons for cancellation of operation on the day of surgeryin the Surgical... more Objective: To find out reasons for cancellation of operation on the day of surgeryin the Surgical Department of Civil Hospital Karachi. Design: Observational study. Setting &Period: All operation theatre bookings of the Civil Hospital Surgical Department from July 2010 toOctober 2010 have been studied by using the ‘daily operating theatre lists’. Frequency ofcancellation, type of surgeries cancelled and their reasons studied. Results: Out of total 455cases, 97 (21%) surgical operations were cancelled on the day of surgery, highlighting patients’non-compliance as a major contributing reason, followed by the lack of operating room time andother causes. Among the less contributing factors were patient expiry on table, failure toadminister anesthesia and delay in operation due to exams (engagement of patients inundergraduate exam in the college). Conclusions: Patients non-compliance is a majorchallenging factor that causes a large number of cancellations of operations in the Civil Hospi...
To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakist... more To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakistan. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed as cholelithiasis on ultrasonography were included in the study. Data collection through interview included age, sex, marital status, parity, height and weight. On the basis of height and weight Quetelet's body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2) was calculated. Data collected also included Lipid profile Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. Setting and Period: This study was done at Department of Surgery, Dow University Hospital for a period of 6 months from February to July 2015. Results: 70% of patients were above 40 years of age, 88% were female, and 83.3% were multiparous while only 32% had BMI above 23. Conclusion: Female gender, fertility, middle age and flatulence are the common risk factors of gallstone formation while obesity is not a definite risk factor in Pakistan.
To determine patient satisfaction with and 118 (57%) females were included in this the Surgical a... more To determine patient satisfaction with and 118 (57%) females were included in this the Surgical and Orthopedic Outpatient study. Consultation time scored maximum with a
To study the prevalence of low back pain in medical and nursing undergraduate students in our ins... more To study the prevalence of low back pain in medical and nursing undergraduate students in our institutes and its association with physical activity, smoking, depression, use of computer and other variables. It was a comparative cross sectional study carried out at two institutes of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan during October to December 2011. Two hundred and fifteen undergraduate students representing different semesters were asked to fill out the structured questionnaire. Back pain was assessed in terms of lifetime, one year and point prevalence. Bivariate analysis was done to study the relationship between back pain and different variables; including gender, study program, smoking, computer use, depression and level of physical activity. Both the groups were compared for duration/intensity of pain, seeking medical advice and duration of computer use. There were 183 undergraduate students who completed the questionnaire for back pain. Mean age was 22.84 (SD ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2014
To assess the utilisation pattern of smart phones by residents and consultants with respect to th... more To assess the utilisation pattern of smart phones by residents and consultants with respect to their clinical work and academics. The cross-sectional study was carried out in orthopaedic departments of various hospitals in Karachi in July 2014. Orthopaedic residents and consultants were asked to fill a questionnaire containing various questions, including utilisation of their smart phones for professional applications, books, internet and emails; and sharing of clinical data. A total of 98residents and consultants were approached and 83(84.7%) of them filled up the questionnaire. Of them, 70(84.3%) owned a smart phone and represented the study sample. Of them, 60(85.7%) were using applications on their mobile phone; and 27(38.6%) were using them for sharing clinical data with colleagues. The use of smart phone applications was more among residents than consultants (p=0.010) and the same applied to data sharing (p=0.028). AO Surgery reference was the most utilised application in 43(6...
Pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal tr... more Pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in Pakistan. This study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. After taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practice conditions from July to October 2010. All the patients were asked a set of standard questions which related to the information they were provided before the operation as a part of standard informed consent practice. Most i.e. 307 (87.7%) patients were informed about their condition but very few 12 (3.4%) were briefed regarding complications. Only 17 (4.9%) patients said they knew about the risks and complications of proposed anesthesia. One hundred thirty-eight (39.4%) patients said that they were allowed to ask questions while giving consent. Most of the time 196 (56%) consent was taken one day before surgery b...
is working to introduce e-learning both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. One of the first... more is working to introduce e-learning both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. One of the first pilot projects about e-learning research module was started in 2011. 6 In this module basic topics of research were covered which included research topic selection, literature search, study designs,
Objectives: To compare the frequency and severity of headache after topical application of 0.2%-g... more Objectives: To compare the frequency and severity of headache after topical application of 0.2%-glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) versus 2%-diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. Methodology: This clinical trial was carried out in the outpatient department of all surgical units of the Civil Hospital Karachi from 21st August 2009 to 20th February 2010. Eighty patients of chronic anal fissure were randomly assigned to receive topical 0.2%-GTN (group A) and 2%-diltiazem ointments (group B). Forty patients were included in each group. Frequency and severity of headache were then determined with one week of follow-up. The SPSS version 11 was used for the data analysis. Results: There were 65 (81.3%) males and 15 (18.7%) females with a mean (+SD) age of 38.79 (+14.86) years. There was a statistically significant difference in headache (30% in the GTN versus 7.5% in the diltiazem group; p=0.02). In two (5%) patients of the GTN group, the treatment had to be abandoned due to severe headache. However, none of the participants of the diltiazem group experienced severe pain. Conclusion: Headache is common with the use of topical GTN ointment as compared to topical diltiazem. It is sometimes severe enough to compel the patient to discontinue treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the attendance of medical students in the lectures and to identify differe... more Objective: To evaluate the attendance of medical students in the lectures and to identify different factors responsible for low attendance. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at three medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan during July to September 2012. Medical students of 3rd year and above representing different medical colleges were asked to fill out a questionnaire to assess the different reasons why medical students tend to absent themselves from lectures, their views regarding content and quality of lectures. Students having attendance of 50% or more were included in the study. Results: A total of 509 student responded to the survey. Two hundred and eighty two students (having >50% attendance in the last semester) were included in the study. Mean age was 21.14 ± 1.9 years. There were 110 (39%) males and 172 (61%) females. The two most common reasons for not attending the lectures were; timing of the lectures not adjusted according to the students schedule (n=180; 63.8%) and the students preferred self/group study over lectures (n=198; 70.2%). On the other hand majority of the students (n=173; 61.3%) were also of the opinion that it is difficult and complex to learn without lectures. Conclusion: There are various reasons for absenteeism from lectures including timing of the lectures and preference for self study. These need to be rectified in order to strengthen the learning process in medical undergraduates.
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2009
To compare the symptomatic relief, healing and side-effects of topical diltiazem (DTZ) and glycer... more To compare the symptomatic relief, healing and side-effects of topical diltiazem (DTZ) and glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Randomized controlled trial. The Surgical Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital, Karachi, from March 2006 to February 2007. Patients with chronic anal fissure were included in the study and randomized to two groups. One group was administered topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride and other was given 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), perianally twice daily for 8 weeks. Patients with anal fissure due to other diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, sexually transmitted diseases, previous treatment with local ointment or surgery; patients who required anal surgery for any concurrent disease like hemorrhoids, pregnant women and patients with significant cardiovascular conditions were excluded. There were four follow-up sessions during the course of treatment. Healing and side-effects were recorded. Analysis was done by SPSS v...
Objective: Patients' attitude towards medical students' presence during treatment depends on the ... more Objective: Patients' attitude towards medical students' presence during treatment depends on the cultural values of the society. This study was conducted to find out the patients' receptiveness in our society to be involved in teaching process for medical students during consultation in out patient department of a teaching hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the surgical Out Patient Department (OPD) at Dow University Hospital from May 2012 to June 2012. Four hundred and eleven patients consented for participation through non probability purposive sampling, in which 279 patients were from morning clinics in the presence of students for clinical teaching, while 132 patients participated through evening clinics of surgery, when students were not present for comparison in specific dimensions of care for patients' satisfaction. Results: Majority of patients 293 (71%) agreed with the teaching of students during consultation and they feel they are contributing in future doctor's teaching, only 24% patients disagreed. Fifty two percent of patients who disagreed reported interference in privacy, 34% reported interference in consultation and 43% felt it resulted in prolong waiting time due to teaching. Conclusion: Majority of the patients agree to be part of teaching for medical students and this study can be used to assess the educational interventions designed to improve the patient based teaching.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of pre-operative analgesia and patient's satisfaction at... more OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of pre-operative analgesia and patient's satisfaction at the accident and emergency department, in terms of pain relief. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Accident and Emergency ...
Artificial Intelligence is no more the talk of the fiction read in novels or seen in movies. It h... more Artificial Intelligence is no more the talk of the fiction read in novels or seen in movies. It has been making inroads slowly and gradually in medical education and clinical management of patients apart from all other walks of life. Recently, chatbots particularly ChatGPT, were developed and trained, using a huge amount of textual data from the internet. This has made a significant impact on our approach in medical science. Though there are benefits of this new technology, a lot of caution is required for its use. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653 How to cite this: Khan RA, Jawaid M, Khan AR, Sajjad M. ChatGPT - Reshaping medical education and clinical management. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro...
Objective: Clinical education is an important component of undergraduate medical education. This ... more Objective: Clinical education is an important component of undergraduate medical education. This study compares the efficacy of blended learning (BL) with contemporary face to face (F2F) teaching among medical students by assessing their OSCE scores at end of clinical posting. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Dow University of Health Sciences from March to August 2014. Third-year medical students posted in the surgical units were divided into two groups. In the first month, one group in the unit was taught by BL while the second group posted in another unit was taught by F2F teaching. Both groups were assessed by same OSCE. In the second month, teaching method was flipped for both the groups with new learning contents. assessment was by the same OSCE for both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23 with inferential statistics with independent sample t test. Results: A total of 28 students were assessed at the end of posting OSCE in F2F group and 31 students in ...
Background and Objective: Augmented Reality (AR) is an effective tool for learning as well as mar... more Background and Objective: Augmented Reality (AR) is an effective tool for learning as well as marketing with multilateral interactive communication. It allows brands to give their customers unique experiences with the convenience of tapping into their mobile devices. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to learn through AR and its effectiveness in HCPs’ engagement and learning experience. Methods: An interventional study was conducted with HCPs across various tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from May 2020 till December 2020. An AR based activity was carried out with the HCPs where they used pictures of objects around them to create a message. These were geo-tagged to a question related to hypertension and participants answered each question. Mobile application – WallaMe was utilized for this activity. At the end of the activity, HCPs were requested to fill a feedback form based on their experience with the AR app. Data was entered ...
The Digital revolution is set to influence medicine significantly in the coming days. Healthcare ... more The Digital revolution is set to influence medicine significantly in the coming days. Healthcare professionals should embrace the positive potential of social media (SM) and social networking sites (SNSs) and take advantage of these technologies and tools for their personal and professional development but also be aware of the potential impact of their online behaviors.Moorhead et al identified six arching domains of social media use by the general public, patients, and health professionals. These include Information provision and answering questions on various conditions; facilitation of dialogue between patients, and patients and healthcare professionals; data collection on patient experiences and opinions; SM use for health intervention;health promotion and health education; reduction of stigma & online consultations (Moorhead et al., 2013). Social media has various advantages, such as reaching an extensive audience, low cost, peer/social/emotional support, helping students to ke...
Objectives Treatment adherence is crucial to the success of a management plan. The objectives of ... more Objectives Treatment adherence is crucial to the success of a management plan. The objectives of this study are (i) to assess medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases, (ii) to assess if physicians correctly perceive medication adherence among said patients, and (iii) to investigate the factors associated with low drug adherence. Materials & methods This observational cross-sectional study included 283 patients and 208 physicians from various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants in the "patient group" completed the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale form. The participants in the "physician group" completed a questionnaire with questions related to their perception of their patients' characteristics of adherence to medical prescriptions. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 22.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The actual incidence of low drug adherence...
The authors studied the prevalence of psychological morbidity, sources and severity of stresses, ... more The authors studied the prevalence of psychological morbidity, sources and severity of stresses, as well as coping strategies in Pakistani medical students. Medical students in Lahore, Pakistan, completed a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire in 2013 on the sources and severity of various stressors. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Brief COPE assessed the psychological morbidity and coping strategies. Out of 1500 students, 527 responded to the survey. The prevalence of psychological morbidity was 23.3 %; 52.3 % respondents showed evidence of distress. By logistic regression analysis, GHQ-12 caseness was associated with being male and occurrence of health-related stressors. The most common stressors were related to academic concerns. Coping strategies showed variation by GHQ-caseness. The significant psychological morbidity and distress warrants establishing support systems to support students and bringing about evidence-based changes to teaching and evaluation systems. Adequate counseling facilities should be made available and students encouraged to seek help.
Background: Quality of educational environment is one of the most important aspects among the fac... more Background: Quality of educational environment is one of the most important aspects among the factors associated with effective learning. Understanding students’ perceptions of their educational environment and identification of its strengths and weaknesses can be the first step in taking measures to implement positive changes. The aim of the study was to objectively assess whether the Medical educational environment across multiple undergraduate teaching sites in Pakistan was at an acceptable standard and if its perception among students varied at different institutes and is influenced by gender. Method: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted across six undergraduate medical institutes in four provinces of Pakistan namely King Edward Medical University, Fatima Memorial Medical College, Dow University of Health sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Ayub Medical College and Bolan Medical College. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was administered to all the medical students who consented to take part in the study. Result: Total respondents were2083 with 1311(63%) females and 773(37%) males. Total Mean DREEM score was found positive (105/200). Students perception of learning was positive (25.1/48), perception of teachers as “in need of some retraining”(22.5/44) & students’ academic self-perceptions was positive (17.2/32). Student’s social self-perception was also positive (15.4/28) while they perceived atmosphere as “having many issues which needs changing”(24.8/48). Female students & preclinical year students’ perceived environment as more positive than male students and students belonging to clinical years. Conclusion: Mean DREEM score in all medical collegeswas 105/200. Highest score was found in domain of student’s social self-perceptions and lowest in domain of student’s perception of teachers
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Papers by Masood Jawaid