jo
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Page categories
English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Scots jo (“joy”), from Middle English joye, from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of joy and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”).
Noun
editjo (plural jos)
- (Scotland) Darling, sweetheart.
- 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:
- On Old long syne my Jo,
on Old long syne,
That thou canst never once reflect,
on Old long syne.
- On Old long syne my Jo,
- My Jo Janet (traditional Scottish song)
- Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
There ye'll see your bonnie sel',
My jo, Janet.
- Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
- 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:
Alternative forms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editjo (plural jo)
- The staff used in the Japanese martial art of jodo or jojutsu.
Anagrams
editAlbanian
editEtymology
editLikely a babble word, compare Turkish yok (“no”), and its derivates in other Balkanic languages such as Romanian ioc, Macedonian јок (jok). Comparison with German ja (“yes”)[1] is semantically hard to explain.
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editjo
Synonyms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “jo”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
Basque
editEtymology
editUnknown.
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: jo
Verb
editjo du (imperfect participle jotzen, future participle joko, short form jo, verbal noun jotze)
- to hit, strike, punch
- (music) to play
- Gitarra jo nahi dut. ― I want to play the guitar.
- to knock, rap
- Gizon itsusi batek etxeko atea jo du. ― An ugly man knocked on the door.
- to crash
- to head, go
- to blow (the wind)
- Synonym: ibili
Further reading
edit- “jo”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
- “jo”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Bavarian
editEtymology
editCognate with Icelandic jú, Swedish jo. Equivalent to standard High German doch.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editjo
- yes (in response to a negative question).
- Woids es ned na fuat heid? Jo, owa's wedda is a weng schlecht.
- Wolltet ihr nicht noch heute furt? Doch, aber das Wetter is etwas schlecht.
Catalan
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Catalan jo~io~yo, from Vulgar Latin eō (attested from the sixth century), from Latin ego, from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Occitan jo, Spanish yo, French je, Italian io.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editjo (strong)
Declension
editSynonyms
edit- mi (after most prepositions)
Noun
editjo m (uncountable)
References
edit- “jo” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “jo”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “jo” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “jo” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editParticle
editjo
- (colloquial) yeah, yep
Further reading
editDalmatian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Latin ubi. Compare Romanian iuo, Italian ove, French où, Old Spanish o.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
Danish
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Middle Low German jo. Used like Swedish ju, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
- as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable as after all or obviously
- 2015, Henriette E. Møller, Jelne, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
- Jeg ved ikke, hvad de talte om, hendes sind blev så mørkt, jeg kunne jo ikke rigtigt snakke med hende.
- I do not know of what they spoke, her mind became so dark, I could not really talk with her, as you should be able to see.
- 2009, Sven Arvid Birkeland, I krigens kølvand: danske skæbner efter 2. verdenskrig, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN, page 479:
- Han gik jo ikke i krig i håb om, at det skulle blive den store sejr
- After all, he did not go to war in the hopes of achieving great victory.
- 2016, Anita Krumbach, Dorte Lilmose, Hanne Kvist, Helle Perrier, Iben Mondrup, Louis Jensen, Ronnie Andersen, Sissel Bergfjord, Svend Åge Madsen, Tomas Lagermand Lundme, Det du ikke ved: Noveller for unge, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
- Jeg mener, at selv ens eget navn eller alder KAN man jo ikke være 100 procent sikker på er Dennis/17, vel?
- I mean, one obviously cannot even be 100% sure that one's own name or age are Dennis and 17, can one?
Conjunction
editjo
- the
- Jo mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.
- The more I run, the more tired I become.
- Jo mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.
Usage notes
editjo ... desto ..., jo ... des ... are common constructions.
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editjo
- yes (used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question) (often followed by I do, he is, etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation); identical in usage to the French si. Contrasts with ja which confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.
- Du elsker mig ikke, gør du vel? — Jo!
- You don't love me, do you? — Yes, I do!
- Jeg har ikke gjort noget! — Jo!
- I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!
Usage notes
editNegatively phrased questions like Kommer du ikke?, Du kommer ikke, vel?, Du kommer ikke? ("Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?") must be answered with jo to indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered with ja ("yes").
References
edit- “jo” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
editEtymology
editInterjection
editjo
Esperanto
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editjo (accusative singular jo-on, plural jo-oj, accusative plural jo-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.
See also
editFinnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *jo, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju, compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”). Cognates include Estonian ju, Votic jo, Veps jo, Ingrian jo, Karelian jo. (“ju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
- already (prior to some time; so soon)
- Luin kirjan jo loppuun.
- I already finished the book.
- now, already (emphasizing word)
- Tule jo! (impatiently)
- Come now!
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “jo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Friulian
editEtymology
editInherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronoun
editjo
See also
editGerman
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editAlteration of ja (“yes”) or the respective dialectal cognates. Compare English yo.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editjo
- (colloquial, dialectal) yes, yeah, well; expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.
Etymology 2
editFrom the respective dialectal words for yes in about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compare Low German ja, jo). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”), possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in the Middle Ages already, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf. Swedish jo, Middle English yo (> English yo).
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editjo
- (colloquial) yes; expresses firm agreement.
Derived terms
editIngrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Estonian ju.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
- already
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
- Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
- Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
- Emphasises the sentence.
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 64:
- Jo nyt mahan lukkia.
- Now I can read.
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 105
Italian
editPronoun
editjo
Japanese
editRomanization
editjo
Karelian
editNorth Karelian (Viena) |
jo |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
jo |
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Veps jo.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
Interjection
editjo
Synonyms
editReferences
edit- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “jo”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “jo”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja[2], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
Kashubian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German jo. Compare Slovincian jo (“yes”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).
Pronunciation
editParticle
editjo
- yes
- Synonym: tak
- Jo, mògã to zrobic. ― Yes, I can do it.
- Jo, jô jem tam béł. ― Yes, I have been there.
Further reading
editKonabéré
editPronunciation
editNoun
editjo
Alternative forms
editFurther reading
edit- Beatrice Tiendrébéogo, Rapport Sociolinguistique sur la Langue Bobo Madaré (SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-005: 55), page 44
- Chiara Alfieri, Bernard Taverne, Ethnophysiologie, règles et précautions chez les Bobo Madare et les Mossi
Lashi
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjo
References
edit- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latvian
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editjo
Particle
editjo
Lithuanian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editDeterminer
editjo
- his (3rd person singular masculine possessive)
Pronoun
editjo m
- third-person singular genitive of jis
- Alternative form of juo
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle High German ja, possibly via Yiddish יאָ (yo). Compare Latvian jā.
Particle
editjo
- (colloquial) yeah
- Synonym: (standard term) taip
Usage notes
edit- Formerly considered obsolete, but seems to have been revived, possibly by influence of English yeah.
- Usage discouraged by the VLKK.
References
edit- “jo”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
Livonian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editPerhaps borrowed from Latvian jo (“because, yet (more)”), /juo/.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editjo
- more; used with adjectives to form comparatives
- Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
- pitkā, jo pitkā
- long, longer
- pitkā, jo pitkā
- Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Etymology 2
editPerhaps borrowed from Latvian jau (“yet, already, after all”). However, compare also Finnish jo (“already”), thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing from Proto-Germanic *ju that has likely been contaminated by the more figurative senses of Latvian jau, with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editjo
- yet, already, after all
- Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
- mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ
- bumblebees, they are already migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")
- amād jo ītist äb peļļõt
- not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyone after all doesn't earn the same")
- mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ
- Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Usage notes
edit- LĒL only lists jo without listing any instances of juo. Livonian-Latvian-Livonian dictionary, in turn, only lists juo for the comparative forming preposition sense.
- LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian jau (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian jau (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists jõbā (“already”), cf. Estonian juba.
Lower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editParticle
editjo
- yes (word used to show agreement or acceptance)
Verb
editjo
Pronoun
editjo
- accusative of wóno
Alternative forms
edit- njo (after preposition)
Further reading
edit- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “jo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “jo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luxembourgish
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
See also
editVerb
editjo
Murui Huitoto
editEtymology
editCognates include Minica Huitoto jo and Nüpode Huitoto jo.
Pronunciation
editRoot
editjo
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[5], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 127
North Frisian
editEtymology
editCompare West Frisian hja.
Pronoun
editjo (Föhr-Amrum)
- third-person plural personal pronoun
- they (subject case)
- them, themselves (object case)
Alternative forms
editSee also
editpersonal | possessive | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subject case | object case | masculine referent | feminine / neuter referent | plural referent | |||||
full | reduced | full | reduced | attributive | independent | ||||
singular | 1st | ik | 'k | mi | man | min | minen | ||
2nd | dü | – | di | dan | din | dinen | |||
3rd m. | hi | 'r | ham | 'n | san | sin | sinen | ||
3rd f. / n. | hat | at, 't | at, 't | ||||||
plural | 1st | wi | 'f | üs | üüs | üüsen | |||
üsens | |||||||||
2nd | jam | 'm | jam | jau | jauen | ||||
jamens | |||||||||
3rd | jo | 's | jo | 's | hör | hören | |||
hörens | |||||||||
notes | The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation. |
Northern Sami
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
Further reading
edit- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Norwegian Bokmål
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Etymology 1
editAdverb
editjo
- yes; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.
- Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? - Jo, det har jeg.
- You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have.
- yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)
- Vil du være med? - Jo...
- Do you want to join? - I'm not sure...
Usage notes
editJa can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editjo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joer, definite plural joene)
- a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.
Derived terms
editReferences
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse jór, from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz.
Noun
editjo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)
- a horse (only used in given names)
Related terms
editMale given names:
Female given names:
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
edit- gjod (alternative spelling)
Noun
editjo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)
- a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editFrom Norwegian Bokmål jo, from Danish jo.
Adverb
editjo
- Alternative form of jau
Etymology 4
editAdverb
editjo
- Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – “as you well know,” “of course.”
- Synonym: no
- Han kom jo aldri
- But he never came though
- Ikkje rart at du fekk ølskummet over heile golvet. Ein skal jo ikkje slå på ølboksen fyri ein opnar den!
- It’s not weird that you’ve got the beer foam all-over the floor. You shouldn’t punch the beer can before you open it, y’know!
References
edit- “jo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Occitan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.
Pronoun
editjo (Gascony)
Etymology 2
editNoun
editjo m
Old French
editPronoun
editjo
- (Old Northern French) Alternative form of je
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- Jo di e dirai ke jo sui
- I say and will say that I am
Old Frisian
editPronoun
editjō
- Alternative form of jū, accusative/dative of jī
Inflection
editPlautdietsch
editAdverb
editjo
Polabian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.
Pronoun
editjo
- first-person pronoun; I
References
edit- The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s):
3=2
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Polański, Kazimierz (1971) “jo”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 2 (ďüzd – ľotü), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 225 - Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “jo”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 75
- Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Je”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 374
Polish
editPronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: jo
Etymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.
Pronoun
editjo
Etymology 2
editParticle
editjo
- (colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) yeah, yep
Further reading
edit- jo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “jo”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 303
Saterland Frisian
editEtymology
editFrom Old Frisian hiā. Cognates include West Frisian hja and North Frisian jo.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editjo (oblique hier)
See also
editReferences
editSlovincian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.
Pronoun
editjo
- I (first-person pronoun)
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from German ja (“yes; yes!”). Compare Kashubian jo (“yes”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).
Particle
editjo
References
edit- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jǻu̯”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[7] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 389
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “jǻu̯!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[8] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 389
Spanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInterjection
edit¡jo!
- stop, whoa (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editEuphemistic clipping of joder (“fuck”).
Interjection
edit¡jo!
- (euphemistic) Used to express surprise, amazement, or confusion
- ¡Jo! ― I never heard anything like that before. / Are you serious? / Boy!
Further reading
edit- “jo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swahili
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editjo
Swedish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Swedish iū, from Old Norse jaur.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editjo
- yes; used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question.
- Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? - Jo, det har jag.
- You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have.
- yes (more generally, in a similar vein to jodå – see its usage notes)
- – Är det du som är han? – Jo, det är jag.
- – Are you that guy? – Yep, that's me.
- yeah
- Ah, jo, det stämmer nog när jag tänker efter
- Ah, yeah, that's probably correct when I think about it
- (with an excited, rising tone) Expresses having an insight; oh
- Jo(ooo)! Nu kom jag på hur man löser pusslet.
- O(ooo)h! I figured out how to solve the puzzle now.
- A filler, at the start of an utterance (to get someone's attention); listen, so, hey, etc. (compare "yeah")
- Jo, det är så att det är en grej som jag måste berätta för er
- So, there is something that I have to tell you ("So, it is such that there is a thing that I have to tell you," with some common stalling wording)
Usage notes
editJa (“yes”) can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker. In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the word jo to be used in place of ja in all cases, at least in spoken language.
Related terms
editReferences
edit- jo in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- jo in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- jo in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editVeps
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *jo.
Adverb
editjo
References
editVotic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *jo.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editjo
Particle
editjo
- An emphatic intensifying particle.
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “jo”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
West Frisian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Frisian jū, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronoun
editjo
- you (second person singular nominative formal pronoun)
Usage notes
editThough it is a singular pronoun, jo takes the plural conjugation of verbs.
Inflection
editNumber | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading
edit- “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Determiner
editjo
- your (second-person singular formal possessive determiner)
Further reading
edit- “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Ye'kwana
editPronunciation
editPostposition
editjo
- (with following directional suffix -nno) indicates a point of origin
Usage notes
editThis postposition also infrequently occurs without -nno, in which case it is not clear whether it inflects at all and its meaning is difficult to determine.
References
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[10], Lyon, pages 277–278
Yoruba
editEtymology 1
editProposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, compare with Igala jó
Pronunciation
editVerb
editjó
- (intransitive) to dance
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editPossibly from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, cognate with Igala jó
Pronunciation
editVerb
editjó
- (ergative) to burn
- (transitive) to sting; to irritate
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjò
- to drip
Derived terms
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