ma
Acehnese • Afar • Afrikaans • Ajië • Akkadian • Alemannic German • Anaang • Anguthimri • 'Are'are • Aromanian • Asturian • Bambara • Bavarian • Breton • Cameroon Pidgin • Caolan • Catalan • Chamorro • Champenois • Cimbrian • Coatepec Nahuatl • Dama (Sierra Leone) • Dorze • Dutch • Efik • Estonian • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Friulian • German • Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Ido • Interlingua • Istriot • Italian • Japanese • Jarawa • Kabyle • Kavalan • Keoru-Ahia • Kikuyu • Ladino • Lala (South Africa) • Lhao Vo • Ligurian • Linngithigh • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Maltese • Mandarin • Maonan • Maricopa • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle English • Mursi • Neapolitan • Nefamese • Nigerian Pidgin • North Frisian • Northern Ndebele • Old Czech • Old English • Old French • Old Frisian • Old Irish • Omaha-Ponca • Opao • Orokolo • Phalura • Pipil • Pitjantjatjara • Pohnpeian • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Salar • Samoan • Savi • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Situ • Slovak • Spanish • Sumerian • Suri • Swazi • Tagalog • Tahitian • Tairuma • Tat • Tày • Teanu • Ternate • Toaripi • Tokelauan • Tz'utujil • Veps • Vietnamese • Vilamovian • Vilela • Warao • West Makian • Wolof • Wutunhua • Xhosa • Yola • Zazaki • Zhuang • Zulu
Page categories
English
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editma (plural mas)
- (astronomy, usually in the plural) Abbreviation of milli-arcsecond.
Etymology 2
editThe sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants. For more on the linguistic process whereby infants' monosyllables are tied to ancient word roots for parents, see mama, papa, mātēr, and patēr.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editma (plural mas)
- (colloquial, and in direct address) mother, mama
- Coordinate term: pa
- 2011, Philip Reeve, Scrivener's Moon, Scholastic, →ISBN, page 48:
- Once the silky gent who ran a barge called the Knuckle Sandwich tried to persuade Borglum's ma and da to sell him their little dwarfish boy for twelve gold coins.
- (colloquial) The landlady of a theater.
- 1949, Shaw Desmond, The Edwardian Story, page 322:
- […] that dear little man writing in the guestbook of the "Ma" or theatrical landlady […]
Usage notes
edit- Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
- Hey, Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
editTranslations
edit
|
References
edit- (landlady of a theater): 1984, Jonathon Green, Newspeak.
See also
editEtymology 3
editAbbreviation.
Noun
editma
- May.
Usage notes
edit- Usually capitalised as Ma.
Etymology 4
editFrom my.
Determiner
editma
Etymology 5
editFrom Chinese 嘛 (ma, “of course!”).[1]
Particle
edit- Alternative form of mah
- 1998 April 24, viken, “tcs shows”, in sg.rec.tv (Usenet):
- Singlish is acceptable in Singapore mah
- 2015 April 17, Jalelah Abu Baker, “What's the difference between 'lah' and 'lor': Poet Gwee Li Sui's take on nuances of Singlish goes viral”, in The Straits Times[1]:
- I dun have mah.
- 2017 April 30, Wong Kim Hoh, “It Changed My Life: Migrant worker goes from painting condos to boss of own company”, in The Straits Times[2]:
- "I was already 32, so must get married mah," he says, using the Singlish word often used to express something which is obvious.
References
editAnagrams
editAcehnese
editNoun
editma
References
edit- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Afar
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Afroasiatic *ma, *mi-.
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editmá (bound form maa-)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- macá (“what?”)
References
edit- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Afrikaans
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editma (plural ma's)
Synonyms
editAntonyms
editDerived terms
editAjië
editConjunction
editma
References
edit- Leenhardt, M. (1935) Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue Houaïlou, Paris: Institut d'ethnologie. Cited in: "Houaïlou" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "Ajiø" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Akkadian
editEtymology
editUnknown. Compare Ge'ez -መ (-mma) (emphatic enclitic).
Pronunciation
edit- (Old Babylonian) IPA(key): /ma/
Particle
editma
- (enclitic) and, but
- (enclitic) used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
- 𒌓𒈠𒈠 [ūmamma] ― u₄-ma-ma ― this very day
Alternative forms
editPhonetic |
---|
|
References
edit- Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “-ma”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
Alemannic German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.
Noun
editReferences
edit- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Anaang
editVerb
editmá
- to love
Further reading
edit- Cristiane Benjamin Santos, Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Anguthimri
editNoun
editma
- (Mpakwithi) man
Verb
editma
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to hear
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to listen
References
edit- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
'Are'are
editConjunction
editma
References
edit- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Aromanian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin magis. Compare Romanian mai.
Adverb
editma
Etymology 2
editConjunction
editma
Asturian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editSee madre
Noun
editma f (plural mas)
Bambara
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editNoun
editma
Etymology 2
editVerb
editma (auxiliary)
- (verbal auxiliary) marks an action which is not accomplished
- A ma na fɔlɔ
- He has not come yet
- Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la
- Siraje did not go to the market
References
edit- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Bavarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editUnstressed form of mia
Pronoun
editma
See also
editnominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”). Compare German man and Dutch men.
Pronoun
editma
Breton
editPronoun
editma
Interjection
editma
- good!
Conjunction
editma
Synonyms
editCameroon Pidgin
editDeterminer
editma
- Alternative spelling of my (“1st person singular possessive determiner”)
Caolan
editPronunciation
editNoun
editma
Catalan
editEtymology
editFrom Vulgar Latin *mam, reduced form of Latin meam.
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editma
Chamorro
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma
Usage notes
edit- ma is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while siha is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See also
edithu-type pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | hu | ta | in |
2nd person | un | en | |
3rd person | ha | ma | |
yoʼ-type pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | yoʼ | hit | ham |
2nd person | hao | hamyo | |
3rd person | gueʼ | siha | |
emphatic pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | guahu | hita | hami |
2nd person | hagu | hamyo | |
3rd person | guiya | siha |
References
edit- Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[3], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Champenois
editAlternative forms
edit- (Langrois) mo
Etymology
editInherited from Old French mes, Latin magis.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editma
- (Troyen, Langrois) but
References
editCimbrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle High German māne, from Old High German māno, from Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”).
Noun
editma m
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2
editAn unstressed pronunciation of månn (“man”).
Pronoun
editma
References
edit- “ma” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Coatepec Nahuatl
editNoun
editma
- hand.
Dama (Sierra Leone)
editEtymology
editRelated to widespread words for "mother" and related respectful terms for women across West Africa.
Noun
editma
References
edit- Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54
Dorze
editNoun
editma
- bee (insect)
Dutch
editPronunciation
editNoun
editma f (plural ma's, diminutive maatje n)
Synonyms
editDescendants
edit- Negerhollands: maa
See also
editEfik
editVerb
editmá
Further reading
edit- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Estonian
editEtymology
editAbbreviation of mina, from Proto-Finnic *minä, from Proto-Uralic *minä.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editma (genitive mu, partitive mind, long form mina)
- I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
Usage notes
edit- Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed, mina is used.
Declension
editDeclension of ma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | singular | plural | ||
long | short | long | short | |
nominative | mina | ma | meie | me |
genitive | minu | mu | meie | me |
partitive | mind | meid | ||
illative | minusse | musse | meisse | |
inessive | minus | mus | meis | |
elative | minust | must | meist | |
allative | minule | mulle | meile | |
adessive | minul | mul | meil | |
ablative | minult | mult | meilt | |
translative | minuks | – | meieks | meiks |
terminative | minuni | – | meieni | – |
essive | minuna | – | meiena | – |
abessive | minuta | – | meieta | – |
comitative | minuga | muga | meiega | – |
See also
editEstonian personal pronouns | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||
long | short | long | short | ||
1st person | mina | ma | meie | me | |
2nd person | familiar | sina | sa | teie | te |
polite | Teie | Te | |||
3rd person | animate | tema | ta | nemad | nad |
inanimate | see | need |
Further reading
edit- “ma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “ma”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- ma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Finnish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editma
- Abbreviation of maanantai (“Monday”).
Further reading
edit- “ma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][6] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
editSee minä; developed through contraction. Compare Estonian ma.
Pronoun
edit- (personal) I
Declension
editOther forms than the nominative generally align with mä.
Synonyms
edit- minä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)
Franco-Provençal
editDeterminer
editma
French
editEtymology
editFrom Old French ma, from Latin meam.
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editma f
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Louisiana Creole: mâ
Further reading
edit- “ma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
editEtymology
editConjunction
editma
German
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editma
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
editPronoun
editma
- 2nd-person singular pronoun: you
- 2nd-person plural pronoun: you
- 2nd-person singular possessive pronoun: your
- 2nd-person plural possessive pronoun: your
See also
editHawaiian
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editma
Hungarian
editEtymology
editProbably related to más.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editma
- today
- 1975, Imre Kertész, translated by Tim Wilkinson, Sorstalanság, Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016), →ISBN, page 5:
- Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.
- I didn’t go to school today. Or rather, I did go, but only to ask my class teacher’s permission to take the day off.
- (attributively, before any time of day) this …… (morning etc.), to-…… (as in “tonight”)
Noun
editma (usually uncountable, plural mák)
Declension
editThe suffixed singular forms máig, mára, mához, máról, and mától are common, while mát, mának, mával, máért, mában, mánál, mába, and mából occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phrase a mai nap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes to nap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ma | — |
accusative | mát | — |
dative | mának | — |
instrumental | mával | — |
causal-final | máért | — |
translative | mává | — |
terminative | máig | — |
essive-formal | maként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mában | — |
superessive | mán | — |
adessive | mánál | — |
illative | mába | — |
sublative | mára | — |
allative | mához | — |
elative | mából | — |
delative | máról | — |
ablative | mától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
máé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
máéi | — |
Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.
Possessive forms of ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mám | — |
2nd person sing. | mád | — |
3rd person sing. | mája | — |
1st person plural | mánk | — |
2nd person plural | mátok | — |
3rd person plural | májuk | — |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- ma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ido
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French mais, Italian ma, Portuguese and Spanish mas, all from Latin magis, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editma
Synonyms
edit- sed (archaic)
Interlingua
editEtymology
editConjunction
editma
Istriot
editEtymology
editConjunction
editma
- but
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine
Italian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editma
See also
editNoun
editma f
- Abbreviation of mamma.
Interjection
editma
- (informal, emphatic) indicates emotion or emphasis
- Ma che carino! ― Oh, how cute!
- (informal) used to introduce a new topic or a question
- Ma...tu sei di Roma? ― So...you're from Rome?
Further reading
edit- ma in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese
editRomanization
editma
Jarawa
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma
- me; us (singular and plural first-person pronoun in the accusative case)
Usage notes
editThe pronoun mi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common than ma. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined by vowel harmony.
See also
editPerson | Default form | Accusative form | Prefixed form |
---|---|---|---|
1st | mi | ma | m- |
2nd | ŋi | ŋa | ŋ- |
ni | na | n- | |
ən | ən- | ||
3rd | hi, əhi | hiwa | h-, hi-, ih-, he-, əh- |
ən (for generic third-person) |
References
edit- Kumar, Pramod (2012) Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa[7] (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 76—85.
Kabyle
editConjunction
editma
Kavalan
editAdverb
editma
Noun
editma
Keoru-Ahia
editNoun
editma
References
edit- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Kikuyu
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
Noun
editma
Adverb
editma
Etymology 2
editParticle
edit- (for class 6) of
References
edit- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “ma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ladino
editEtymology
editFrom Old Spanish mas, from Latin magis.
Conjunction
editma (Latin spelling)
- but
- Synonym: ama
- 1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim[8], archived from the original on 3 December 2020, page 11:
- La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.
- The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.
- 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom[9]:
- Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.
- We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.
- why
Lala (South Africa)
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
edit-má
- to stand
Lhao Vo
editEtymology
editCognate with Lashi muì and Burmese အမွေ (a.mwe).
Noun
editma
References
edit- Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
Ligurian
editConjunction
editma
Linngithigh
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Paman *pama.
Noun
editLivonian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editShorter form of minā.
Pronoun
editma
- I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Declension
editsingular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | minā ma |
mēg meg |
genitive (genitīv) | min | mäd |
partitive (partitīv) | mīnda | mēḑi |
dative (datīv) | minnõn min |
mäddõn män |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | minkõks | mädkõks |
illative (illatīv) | minnõ minnõz |
mēži |
inessive (inesīv) | minsõ | mēši |
elative (elatīv) | minstõ | mēšti |
See also
editReferences
editRenāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editVerb
editma
Maltese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editAdverb
editma
- not; used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
- Illum ma nixrobx. ― I do not drink today.
- Qatt ma nixrob. ― I never drink. / I do not ever drink.
- 2008, Trevor Żahra, Il-Ġenn li Jżommni f’Sikti, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:
- Kulħadd jibża’ u ħadd ma jabbuża jmissu!
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
edit- Generally used together with the negative ending -x attached to the verb or pronominal adverb. This ending is absent, however, when another negative word is used, such as qatt (“never”), ebda (“no, none”), ħadd (“nobody”), xejn (“nothing”).
Etymology 2
editPronoun
editma
- (relative) Alternative form of li (“who, which, that”), used in some fossiled expressions
- L-ewwel ma tiekol, l-għajn.
- You eat with your eyes first.
- (literally, “The first that eats is the eye.”)
- (obsolete, with comparative adjective) how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
- Synonym: kemm
- ca. 1760, G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis, Discorso tra due contadini sopra le nuove correnti:
- Rait e Sultana, u makbar u mesbahh ma hi, ma t challi hhasra, ghaliesc i enghat li t-arga mnein giet.
- Rajt is-Sultana. U ma akbar u ma isbaħ ma hi! Imma tħalli ħasra, għaliex jingħad li terġa’ mnejn ġiet.
- I saw the Sultana [a captured Turkish ship]. And how big and how beautiful she is! But is a pity, because they say she will go back to where she came from.
Derived terms
editMandarin
editRomanization
edit- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 么
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗎/吗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嘛
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㕰
ma
- Nonstandard spelling of mā.
- Nonstandard spelling of má.
- Nonstandard spelling of mǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of mà.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Maonan
editNoun
editma
Maricopa
editNoun
editma
Mbyá Guaraní
editAdverb
editma
Particle
editma
- separates the topic from the rest of the sentence.
Middle English
editPronoun
editma
- Alternative form of man (“one, you”)
Mursi
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editma (Ethiopic script ማ)
References
edit- David Turton, Moges Yigezu, Olisarali Olibui (2008) “ma”, in Mursi-English-Amharic dictionary, →ISBN, page 117
- Firew Girma Worku (2020) A grammar of Mursi, page 123
Neapolitan
editEtymology
editFrom Latin magis. Compare Italian ma, French mais.
Conjunction
editma
Nefamese
editEtymology
editFrom Assamese মা (ma), Early Assamese মাৱ (mawo), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀸 (māyā), from Sanskrit माता (mātā).
Noun
editma
Nigerian Pidgin
editEtymology
editDeterminer
editma (with tonal diacritic: má)
North Frisian
editPreposition
editma
Northern Ndebele
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
edit-má
- to stand
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Czech
editEtymology
editDerived from the 1st person dual suffix -ma, which itself is a neologism, found in 15th century texts, derived from the 1st person dual suffix -va under the influence of the 1st person plural suffices -m/-me/-my. There aren't many attestations of this pronoun.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editma
Declension
editSingular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | jáz, já | ty | — |
Genitive | mne, mě | tebe, tě | sebe, sě |
Dative | mně, mi | tobě, ti | sobě, si |
Accusative | mě, mne | tě, tebe | sě, sebe |
Locative | mně | tobě | sobě |
Instrumental | mnú | tobú, tebú | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | vě, va, ma | vy | — |
Genitive | najú | vajú | sebe, sě |
Dative | náma | váma | sobě, si |
Accusative | ny, najú | vy, vajú | sě, sebe |
Locative | najú | vajú | sobě |
Instrumental | náma | váma | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | náš, najú | váš, vajú | svój |
Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | my | vy | — |
Genitive | nás | vás | sebe, sě |
Dative | nám, nem | vám, vem | sobě, si |
Accusative | ny, nás | vy, vás | sě, sebe |
Locative | nás | vás | sobě |
Instrumental | námi | vámi | sobú, sebú |
Possessive | náš | váš | svój |
References
edit- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ma”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *maiz. Cognate with Old Frisian mā, Old Saxon mēr, Old Dutch mēr, Old High German mēr, Old Norse meir, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 (mais).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editmā
- more
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89
- Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, mā up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum.
- By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind, more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.
- The Life of Saint Margaret
- Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran."
- The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth."
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89
- further
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
- Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce.
- Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
- instead, rather
Adjective
editmā (indeclinable)
- more (often + genitive)
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
- Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...
- Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Usage notes
editThe expected comparative and superlative forms of mā, māra and mǣst, occur, but are traditionally considered to be suppletive forms of miċel instead.
Old French
editEtymology
editDeterminer
editma f (masculine mon, plural mes)
- my (first-person singular possessive)
Descendants
edit- French: ma
Old Frisian
editPronoun
editma
Old Irish
editConjunction
editma
- Alternative spelling of má
Omaha-Ponca
editNoun
editma
References
editOpao
editNoun
editma
References
edit- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Orokolo
editNoun
editma
References
edit- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Phalura
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit म (ma, “1sg (base of oblique cases)”).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editma (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling مہ)
- I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)
Alternative forms
edit- máa- (Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.)
References
edit- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ma”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pipil
editPronunciation
editParticle
editmā
Usage notes
edit- The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
Verb
edit-má
- Clipping of -maka.
Pitjantjatjara
editAdverb
editma
Pohnpeian
editConjunction
editma
Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editVerb
editma
- third-person singular present indicative of mieć
- Andrzej ma 18 lat. ― Andrzej is 18 years old.
Etymology 2
editPronoun
editma
Further reading
edit- ma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
editPronunciation
editContraction
editma
Romani
editEtymology
editInherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā).
Particle
editma
- don't (prohibitive particle)
References
edit- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “māˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
- Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “ma¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 172a
- Marcel Courthiade (2009) “ma (and-e rokhimàta)”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 231a
Romanian
editAdverb
editma
References
editSalar
editConjunction
editma
Samoan
editEtymology
editCognate with Maori me and Hawaiian me.
Conjunction
editma
Preposition
editma
Savi
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit मया (mayā) or another form of अहम् (aham, “I”).
Pronoun
editma
- I; first-person singular personal pronoun
References
edit- Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[11], Stockholm: Stockholm University
Scots
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
editma
- Alternative form of my
References
edit- “my, poss. adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 23 May 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
Scottish Gaelic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂.
Conjunction
editma
- if
- Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin… ― If you want that…
- Ma bhios tu…/Ma bhitheas tu… ― If you will be…/If you are… (habitual)
Usage notes
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editFrom Italian ma, reinforced by Ancient Greek μά (má); both ultimately from Latin magis.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editmȁ (Cyrillic spelling ма̏)
- bah, whatever
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
- Ma kako?! ― How?!
- Ma gdje? ― Where in the world...?
- Ma da? ― Really?
- Ma to je on! ― That's definitely him!
- Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
- Ma ne. ― No way.
- Ma daj. ― Oh come on.
- Ma kakvi. ― Impossible.
- Used to emphasize sarcasm
- Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno! ― Yeah, sure.
- Ma nemoj. ― Oh you don't say?
- Ma nikad niste vi krivi. ― Of course it can never be your fault.
Situ
editEtymology
editParticle
editma
Further reading
edit- M. Prins, A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlier A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects, 2011)
Slovak
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma
- genitive/accusative of ja
Spanish
editNoun
editma f (plural mas)
- (Latin America) mum; mom
Further reading
edit- “ma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Sumerian
editRomanization
editma
- Romanization of 𒈠 (ma)
Suri
editNoun
editmà
References
edit- 1999, Michael Bryant, Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, as ma)
- Michael Bryant, A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as mà)
Swazi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
edit-́ma
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ma/ [mɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ma
Etymology 1
editInfluenced by Baybayin character ᜋ (ma).
Noun
editma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Abakada alphabet
See also
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
Etymology 3
editNoun
editma (Baybayin spelling ᜋ)
- (zoology) mollusk with a shell that looks like a coat of mail
Further reading
edit- “ma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Anagrams
editTahitian
editConjunction
editma
Preposition
editma
Tairuma
editNoun
editma
- Alternative form of ma'a
References
edit- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Tat
editEtymology
editCognate with Persian ماه (mâh).
Noun
editma
Tày
editPronunciation
edit- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [maː˦˥]
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Zhuang ma, Saek หม่า.
Noun
editma (𬍄)
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][14] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Etymology 2
editFrom Vietnamese ma.
Noun
editma (魔)
Teanu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Vanikoro *ma, from Proto-Oceanic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editma
References
edit- François, Alexandre. 2021. Teanu dictionary (Solomon Islands). Dictionaria 15. 1-1877. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5653063. – entry ma.
- François, Alexandre. 2021. Online Teanu–English dictionary, with equivalents in Lovono and Tanema. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS. – entry ma.
- Lackey, W.J.. & Boerger, B.H. (2021) “Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu subgroup”, in Oceanic Linguistics.
Ternate
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editma
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Toaripi
editNoun
editma
- (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe) water
References
edit- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Tokelauan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan ma.
Conjunction
editma
- Joins noun clauses; and, with
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][15], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.
- Joins verb clauses; and, also, too
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau][16], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *ma.
Preposition
editma
Etymology 3
editPreposition
editma
References
edit- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[17], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198
Tz'utujil
editAdverb
editma
Veps
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *maa, from Proto-Uralic *mëxe.
Noun
editma
Inflection
editInflection of ma (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ma | ||
genitive sing. | man | ||
partitive sing. | mad | ||
partitive plur. | maid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ma | mad | |
accusative | man | mad | |
genitive | man | maiden | |
partitive | mad | maid | |
essive-instructive | man | main | |
translative | maks | maikš | |
inessive | mas | maiš | |
elative | maspäi | maišpäi | |
illative | maha | maihe | |
adessive | mal | ||
ablative | malpäi | mailpäi | |
allative | male | maile | |
abessive | mata | maita | |
comitative | manke | maidenke | |
prolative | madme | maidme | |
approximative I | manno | maidenno | |
approximative II | mannoks | maidennoks | |
egressive | mannopäi | maidennopäi | |
terminative I | mahasai | maihesai | |
terminative II | malesai | mailesai | |
terminative III | massai | — | |
additive I | mahapäi | maihepäi | |
additive II | malepäi | mailepäi |
Derived terms
editReferences
editVietnamese
editEtymology
editSino-Vietnamese word from 魔.
The modern Vietnamese usage of ma (“ghost”) and quỷ (“demon; ogre”) is contrary to that of Mandarin 魔 (mó, “demon”) and 鬼 (guǐ, “ghost”). This can be exemplified in the pair ma đói vs. 餓鬼/饿鬼 (ngạ quỷ, “preta”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit(classifier con) ma
Derived terms
editRomanization
editma
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 魔
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editVilamovian
editPronoun
editma
- (indefinite) one, they (indefinite third-person singular pronoun)
Vilela
editNoun
editma
References
edit- Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio, Language Contact and Documentation (2015, →ISBN
- Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta, En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)
Warao
editAlternative forms
editPronoun
editma
- my
- Ma rahe hakaya.
- My brother runs.
- Natu ma tatutuma iji minajara? [1]
- Granny, have you not seen my wives?
- me, accusative of iné
- Ma hube abuae.
- A snake bit me.
- Ihi ma isiko naonahara? [2]
- Don't you come with me?
References
editWest Makian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editma
- (animate) third-person possessive pronoun, its
- mene me mo oma ― this is his child (literally, “this (is) he his child”)
- da kabi mo gou ― the goat's leg
Usage notes
editThe possessive pronoun ma follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as me, mi, or mo.
Alternative forms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
editma
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editma
- then
- toi ipongi, ma tasagal yo ― if it rains, then I won't go
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[19], Pacific linguistics
Wolof
editPronoun
editma
- me (first-person singular object pronoun)
See also
editWutunhua
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editProbably related to Mandarin 麼/么 (me).
Pronoun
editma
- what (interrogative)
Related terms
edit- mashema (“why”)
Etymology 2
editNoun
editma
References
edit- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[20], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
Xhosa
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
edit-̂ma
- (intransitive) to halt
- (intransitive) to stop
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
editYola
editVerb
editma
- Alternative form of mye (“may”)
- 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 2:
- When ye Lord plaase, He ma mend this,
- [When the Lord please, He may mend this,]
References
edit- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137
Zazaki
editPronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -ma
Pronoun
editma
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Zhuang
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ma˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ma1
- Hyphenation: ma
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Saek หม่า.
Noun
editma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 庅 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (mäa), Shan မႃး (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).
Verb
editma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰么馬 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡, 1957–1982 spelling ma)
See also
editZulu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
edit-má
- (intransitive) to stand, to be standing
- (intransitive) to stand still, to not move
- (intransitive) to stop, to come to a standstill, to halt
Inflection
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma”
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Astronomy
- English abbreviations
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɑː
- Rhymes:English/ɑː/1 syllable
- English colloquialisms
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- English proper nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English determiners
- English possessive determiners
- English dialectal terms
- English informal terms
- English terms borrowed from Chinese
- English terms derived from Chinese
- English particles
- Manglish
- Singlish
- Liverpudlian English
- English two-letter words
- en:Female family members
- Acehnese lemmas
- Acehnese nouns
- ace:Family members
- ace:Female
- Afar terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Afar terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Afar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afar lemmas
- Afar determiners
- Afar interrogative determiners
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Ajië lemmas
- Ajië conjunctions
- Akkadian terms with unknown etymologies
- Akkadian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Akkadian lemmas
- Akkadian particles
- Akkadian terms with usage examples
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Middle High German
- Alemannic German terms derived from Middle High German
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Old High German
- Alemannic German terms derived from Old High German
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Alemannic German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Alemannic German lemmas
- Alemannic German nouns
- Alemannic German masculine nouns
- Gressoney Walser
- Issime Walser
- gsw:Family
- gsw:Male
- gsw:People
- Anaang lemmas
- Anaang verbs
- Anguthimri lemmas
- Anguthimri nouns
- Anguthimri verbs
- Anguthimri transitive verbs
- 'Are'are lemmas
- 'Are'are conjunctions
- Aromanian terms inherited from Latin
- Aromanian terms derived from Latin
- Aromanian lemmas
- Aromanian adverbs
- Aromanian terms derived from Italian
- Aromanian conjunctions
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian feminine nouns
- ast:Family
- ast:Female
- ast:Female family members
- Bambara terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara nouns
- Bambara verbs
- Bambara auxiliary verbs
- Bambara terms with usage examples
- bm:Dugongs and manatees
- Bavarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bavarian lemmas
- Bavarian pronouns
- Bavarian personal pronouns
- Bavarian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Bavarian terms derived from Middle High German
- Bavarian terms inherited from Old High German
- Bavarian terms derived from Old High German
- Bavarian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Bavarian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Bavarian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Bavarian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Bavarian indefinite pronouns
- Bavarian terms with usage examples
- Breton lemmas
- Breton pronouns
- Breton interjections
- Breton conjunctions
- Cameroon Pidgin lemmas
- Cameroon Pidgin determiners
- Cameroon Pidgin possessive determiners
- Caolan lemmas
- Caolan nouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with homophones
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan determiner forms
- Chamorro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chamorro lemmas
- Chamorro pronouns
- Chamorro personal pronouns
- Champenois terms inherited from Old French
- Champenois terms derived from Old French
- Champenois terms inherited from Latin
- Champenois terms derived from Latin
- Champenois terms with IPA pronunciation
- Champenois lemmas
- Champenois conjunctions
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian nouns
- Cimbrian masculine nouns
- Tredici Comuni Cimbrian
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian indefinite pronouns
- Luserna Cimbrian
- cim:Astronomy
- cim:Light sources
- Coatepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Coatepec Nahuatl nouns
- Dama (Sierra Leone) lemmas
- Dama (Sierra Leone) nouns
- Dorze lemmas
- Dorze nouns
- doz:Bees
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/aː
- Rhymes:Dutch/aː/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch informal terms
- nl:Parents
- Efik lemmas
- Efik verbs
- Estonian abbreviations
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian pronouns
- Estonian personal pronouns
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ/1 syllable
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish abbreviations
- Finnish pronouns
- Finnish poetic terms
- Finnish archaic terms
- Finnish two-letter words
- Franco-Provençal non-lemma forms
- Franco-Provençal determiner forms
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
- French determiner forms
- French possessive determiners
- French terms with usage examples
- Friulian terms inherited from Latin
- Friulian terms derived from Latin
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian conjunctions
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adverbs
- German colloquialisms
- German pronunciation spellings
- Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai lemmas
- Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai pronouns
- Hawaiian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian prepositions
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/mɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/mɒ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian adverbs
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian uncountable nouns
- Hungarian defective nouns
- Hungarian point-in-time adverbs
- Hungarian two-letter words
- hu:Time
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Portuguese
- Ido terms derived from Portuguese
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido conjunctions
- Interlingua terms derived from Italian
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua conjunctions
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
- Istriot terms derived from Latin
- Istriot lemmas
- Istriot conjunctions
- Istriot terms with quotations
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/a
- Rhymes:Italian/a/1 syllable
- Italian lemmas
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian abbreviations
- Italian interjections
- Italian informal terms
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Jarawa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Jarawa lemmas
- Jarawa pronouns
- Kabyle lemmas
- Kabyle conjunctions
- Kavalan lemmas
- Kavalan adverbs
- Kavalan nouns
- Keoru-Ahia lemmas
- Keoru-Ahia nouns
- Kikuyu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kikuyu lemmas
- Kikuyu nouns
- Kikuyu adverbs
- Kikuyu particles
- Kikuyu terms with usage examples
- Ladino terms derived from Old Spanish
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino conjunctions
- Ladino conjunctions in Latin script
- Ladino terms with quotations
- Lala (South Africa) terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Lala (South Africa) terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Lala (South Africa) lemmas
- Lala (South Africa) verbs
- Lhao Vo lemmas
- Lhao Vo nouns
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian conjunctions
- Linngithigh lemmas
- Linngithigh nouns
- lnj:People
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian pronouns
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
- Lower Sorbian verb forms
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese terms with homophones
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese adverbs
- Maltese terms with usage examples
- Maltese terms with quotations
- Maltese pronouns
- Maltese terms with obsolete senses
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Maonan lemmas
- Maonan nouns
- Maricopa lemmas
- Maricopa nouns
- Mbyá Guaraní lemmas
- Mbyá Guaraní adverbs
- Mbyá Guaraní particles
- Mbyá Guaraní terms with usage examples
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English pronouns
- Mursi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mursi lemmas
- Mursi nouns
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan conjunctions
- Nefamese terms derived from Assamese
- Nefamese terms derived from Early Assamese
- Nefamese terms derived from Prakrit
- Nefamese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nefamese lemmas
- Nefamese nouns
- Nigerian Pidgin terms derived from English
- Nigerian Pidgin lemmas
- Nigerian Pidgin determiners
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian prepositions
- Mooring North Frisian
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele verbs
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech pronouns
- Old Czech terms with rare senses
- Old Czech personal pronouns
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English comparative adverbs
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old English comparative adjectives
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French determiners
- Old French possessive determiners
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian pronouns
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish conjunctions
- Omaha-Ponca lemmas
- Omaha-Ponca nouns
- Opao lemmas
- Opao nouns
- Orokolo lemmas
- Orokolo nouns
- Phalura terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Phalura terms derived from Sanskrit
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura pronouns
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil particles
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Pipil clippings
- Pipil verbs
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara adverbs
- Pohnpeian lemmas
- Pohnpeian conjunctions
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/a
- Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish verb forms
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish pronoun forms
- Polish literary terms
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese contractions
- Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romani terms inherited from Prakrit
- Romani terms derived from Prakrit
- Romani terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Romani terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
- Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Romani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Romani lemmas
- Romani particles
- Romani 1-syllable words
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adverbs
- Romanian obsolete forms
- Salar lemmas
- Salar conjunctions
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan conjunctions
- Samoan prepositions
- Savi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Savi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Savi lemmas
- Savi pronouns
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots determiners
- Scots possessive determiners
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic conjunctions
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Italian
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian interjections
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Situ terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Situ terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Situ lemmas
- Situ particles
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak pronoun forms
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Latin American Spanish
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Suri lemmas
- Suri nouns
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi verbs
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- tl:Latin letter names
- Tagalog clippings
- tl:Zoology
- Tahitian lemmas
- Tahitian conjunctions
- Tahitian prepositions
- Tairuma lemmas
- Tairuma nouns
- Tat lemmas
- Tat nouns
- Tày terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tày terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Tày terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Tày lemmas
- Tày nouns
- tyz:Zoology
- Tày terms borrowed from Vietnamese
- Tày terms derived from Vietnamese
- Teanu terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Teanu terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Teanu terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Teanu terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Teanu terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Teanu terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Teanu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Teanu lemmas
- Teanu nouns
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate conjunctions
- Toaripi lemmas
- Toaripi nouns
- Tokelauan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Tokelauan lemmas
- Tokelauan conjunctions
- Tokelauan terms with quotations
- Tokelauan prepositions
- Tz'utujil lemmas
- Tz'utujil adverbs
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps ma-type nominals
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese nouns classified by con
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with archaic senses
- Vietnamese non-lemma forms
- Vietnamese romanizations
- Sino-Vietnamese readings
- Vilamovian lemmas
- Vilamovian pronouns
- Vilamovian indefinite pronouns
- Vilela lemmas
- Vilela nouns
- Warao lemmas
- Warao pronouns
- Warao terms with usage examples
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- West Makian determiners
- West Makian conjunctions
- Wolof lemmas
- Wolof pronouns
- Wutunhua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Wutunhua lemmas
- Wutunhua pronouns
- Wutunhua terms derived from Mandarin
- Wutunhua nouns
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa verbs
- Xhosa intransitive verbs
- Yola lemmas
- Yola verbs
- Yola terms with quotations
- Rhymes:Zazaki/ma
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki pronouns
- Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zhuang 1-syllable words
- Zhuang terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang nouns
- Zhuang nouns classified by duz
- Zhuang verbs
- za:Dogs
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu verbs
- Zulu intransitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone H
- Zulu verbs with latent i