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Halimah Yacob

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Yacob is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Halimah. The word "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Her Excellency Madame
Halimah Yacob
DUT[1]
Halimah in 2019
8th President of Singapore
In office
14 September 2017 – 14 September 2023
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byTony Tan
Succeeded byTharman Shanmugaratnam
Parliamentary offices
7th Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore
In office
14 January 2013 – 7 August 2017
DeputyCharles Chong
Seah Kian Peng
Lim Biow Chuan
Preceded byMichael Palmer
Succeeded byTan Chuan-Jin
Member of Parliament
for Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC
(Marsiling)
In office
11 September 2015 – 7 August 2017
Preceded byHawazi bin Daipi (PAP)
Succeeded byZaqy Mohamad (PAP)
Member of Parliament
for Jurong GRC
(Bukit Batok East)
In office
3 November 2001 – 24 August 2015
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byRahayu Mahzam (PAP)
Junior ministerial offices
Minister of State for Social and Family Development
In office
1 November 2012 – 14 January 2013
MinisterChan Chun Sing
Minister of State for Community Development, Youth and Sports
In office
21 May 2011 – 1 November 2012
MinisterChan Chun Sing
Personal details
Born (1954-08-23) 23 August 1954 (age 70)
Colony of Singapore
(present-day Singapore)
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		People's Action Party (2001–2017)
Spouse
Mohammed Abdullah Alhabshee
​
​
(m. 1980)​
Children5
Alma materUniversity of Singapore (LLB)
National University of Singapore (LLM)
Signature

Halimah binti Yacob (born 23 August 1954) is a distinguished Singaporean politician and lawyer who held the office of the eighth president of Singapore from 2017 to 2023, making history as the first woman to serve in this role.

A former member of Singapore's long-dominant People's Action Party (PAP), Halimah served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Bukit Batok East division of the Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC) from 2001 to 2015 and then for the Marsiling division of the Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC from 2015 to 2017. She made history as Singapore's first female speaker of parliament, a position she held from 2013 to 2017.

Following a constitutional amendment in 2017, the presidential election that year was specifically reserved for candidates from the Malay community. Halimah resigned from the PAP and became an independent candidate—one of the eligibility requirements for running for the presidency—and subsequently won in an uncontested election, as her rivals did not meet the necessary qualifications. During her presidency, Halimah utilised her discretionary powers to approve emergency funding for Singapore's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and advocated for women's rights. She chose not to seek re-election in the 2023 presidential election, concluding her term on 13 September 2023, after which she was succeeded by Tharman Shanmugaratnam.

Early life and education

[edit]

Halimah was born on 23 August 1954 at her family home on Queen Street in Singapore during British colonial rule,[2] to an Indian father and Malay mother.[3][4] Her father was a watchman who died due to a heart attack when she was eight years old, leaving her and four siblings to be brought up by her mother.[5][6][7] Her family was in poverty at the time of her father's death, and she helped her mother to sell nasi padang outside the former Singapore Polytechnic (now Bestway Building) along Prince Edward Road.[8][9]

Halimah attended Singapore Chinese Girls' School and Tanjong Katong Girls' School.[9] She graduated from the University of Singapore (now the National University of Singapore (NUS)) in 1978 with a Bachelor of Laws and was called to the Singapore Bar in 1981. Halimah earned a Master of Laws from NUS in 2001 and received an honorary Doctor of Law degree from NUS in 2016.[10]

Trade unionist

[edit]

Halimah began her career in 1978 as a legal officer at the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC)[10] and was appointed director of its legal services department in 1992.[11] She advanced within NTUC, holding roles such as Assistant Director of the Research Unit, Director of the Women's Development Secretariat,[12] and Executive Secretary of the United Workers of Electronics and Electrical Industries.[13][11] She also served as Assistant Secretary-General from 1999 to 2007 and Deputy Secretary-General from 2007 to 2011.[11][12] In 1999, Halimah became the director of the Singapore Institute of Labour Studies (now Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute).[14] She was elected as the Workers' Vice-chairperson of the Standards Committee of the International Labour Conference (ILC) in Geneva, serving from 2000 to 2002 and in 2005. Between 2003 and 2004, she was the Workers' Spokesperson for the ILC Committee on Human Resources Development and Training.[15]

Early political career

[edit]

In 1993, Halimah served as one of the six assentors[a] in Singapore's presidential election, supporting the successful candidate, Ong Teng Cheong.[17] Her first political candidacy began in the 2001 general election, where she joined a five-member People's Action Party (PAP) team running for Jurong GRC, led by Minister Lim Boon Heng. Tharman Shanmugaratnam, who would later succeed her as president, also made his political debut alongside her in this election. Halimah represented Bukit Batok East as a MP until 2015, after which she was elected to represent the newly-formed Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC from 2015 to 2017.[18][19][20]

During her first term, Halimah was appointed Minister of State for Community Development, Youth and Sports.[21] After a cabinet reshuffle in November 2012,[22] she transitioned to serve as Minister of State for Social and Family Development.[21] In addition to her ministerial roles, Halimah was also the chairperson of the Jurong Town Council.[23]

On 8 January 2013, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong nominated Halimah to succeed Michael Palmer as Speaker of Parliament after Palmer resigned due to revelations of an extramarital affair.[24] She was elected to the position on 14 January 2013, becoming the first woman in Singapore's history to hold this role.[24] During her tenure, she also led a legislative delegation to Mexico.[25] In January 2015, she was co-opted into the PAP's Central Executive Committee (CEC), the party's highest decision-making body.[26]

In a strong response to ISIS-linked beliefs, Singapore detained 26 members of a foreign jihadist cell involved in extremist teachings and intervened in several cases of self-radicalised Singaporeans attempting to join ISIS in Syria in 2015.[27] During her time as an MP, Halimah condemned ISIS's acts as un-Islamic and harmful to the image of Islam, stressing that countering its ideology is more essential than military action.[28] She urges young people to resist extremism online and supports community gatherings to build resilience, highlighting the shared responsibility to prevent self-radicalisation.[29] Halimah also encourages Muslim parents to stay vigilant and promote open communication within families and communities.[30]

2017 presidential election

[edit]

While speaking during the debate on the Presidential Elections Amendment Bill on 6 February 2017, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Chan Chun Sing addressed Halimah as "Madam President" twice instead of "Madam Speaker", drawing laughter from the House[31][32] and leading to widespread speculation that Halimah would be the party's preferred candidate for the reserved presidential elections.[33][34]

To contest for the elected presidency, which was reserved for Malay candidates,[35] Halimah announced on 6 August 2017 that she would be stepping down as Speaker of Parliament and MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee the next day.[36] She also resigned from the PAP. Prime Minister Lee accepted her resignation, expressing gratitude for her contributions to labor, community, and legislative service and expressing confidence in her ability to fulfill the responsibilities of the presidency. Halimah was widely seen as the PAP's candidate for the 2017 presidential election[37][38][25] and received endorsement from Prime Minister Lee.[39]

In an interview on 11 August 2017, Halimah expressed her support for the reserved presidential election, saying it demonstrated Singapore's commitment to multiracialism alongside meritocracy. While some critics argued the reserved election compromised meritocracy, Halimah disagreed, emphasising that all candidates must meet the same eligibility criteria, ensuring no compromise between merit and representation. Responding to comments on the lower qualifying threshold for public sector candidates, Halimah noted that this transparent system has been in place since 1991.[40]

Campaign

[edit]

On 25 August 2017, Halimah launched her official campaign website, including her campaign slogan "Do Good Do Together", which was criticised by many for being ungrammatical. She defended her slogan, explaining that it is meant to be catchy.[41] In response to public queries whether Halimah broke election rules by campaigning ahead of the nomination day, the Elections Department clarified that its rule which forbids candidates from campaigning before close of nomination only applies to candidates who are nominated.[42]

Halimah's campaign expenses reached only S$220,875 out of the $754,982.40 legal limit. Her expenses were used for promotional material, room rental, office supplies, food, transport and phone bills.[43] Queries were also raised regarding Halimah's long affiliation with the PAP and perceived lack of political independence as she quit the party just one month ago to campaign in the election. Halimah responded by comparing herself to former President Ong Teng Cheong, who was also a PAP member before being elected.[44] She also cited that she had abstained from voting in an amendment for the Human Organ Transplant Act in 2007.[45]

Former NMP Calvin Cheng suggested that Halimah does not appear to have the professional experience needed to manage the financial reserves.[46] According to Publichouse.sg's estimate, her financial management involvement is only about $40 million, much less than the stringent $500 million shareholders’ equity requirement for private sector candidates.[47]

Election

[edit]

Being the only candidate to be issued a Certificate of Eligibility, Halimah became the eighth President of Singapore.[48] Tan Cheng Bock, a former presidential candidate, wrote that Halimah "will occupy the most controversial presidency in the history of Singapore."[49] The Economist described her as "popular and able".[50]

Reactions

[edit]

On 13 September 2017, the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) filed a lawsuit in the High Court against the PAP government for refusing to call a by-election in Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC following Halimah's resignation from her post as the sole minority MP in her constituency.[51] Her sudden resignation as the sole minority MP in Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC has sparked opposition calls for a by-election. In response to the PAP government's refusal to hold a by-election, resident Wong Souk Yee filed a lawsuit, with a hearing set for 15 January 2018.[52] In a court hearing conducted on 23 January 2018, Wong's lawyer, Peter Low, argued that the Parliamentary Elections Act should be interpreted such that all MPs of the group representation constituency have to leave their spots when one or more seats are left empty, or when only one remaining MP is a minority candidate. He cited Article 49 (1) of the Constitution, which states that when "the seat of a Member… has become vacant for any reason other than a dissolution of Parliament, the vacancy shall be filled by election" to support his argument.[53]

After the Elections Department announced that Halimah was the only possible candidate for the presidency, global media monitoring house Meltwater observed a significant increase in negative sentiment on social media surrounding the presidential elections from 11 to 12 September 2017. The data shows 83% of negative sentiment and 17% of positive sentiment.[54] Following the announcement, a number of Singaporeans began using the hashtag #NotMyPresident on Facebook and Twitter to voice their disappointment.[55][56][57] In response, The Straits Times reported that there was the use of #halimahismypresident by an "equally vocal group", urging "Singaporeans to rally round their next president".[57]

Halimah's decision to remain staying in her public housing HDB flat at Yishun raised security concerns.[58] On 2 October 2017, Halimah accepted the government's decision to move her out of her Yishun flat to a more secure location. The government keeps track on the residence and security arrangements for her as well.[59]

Presidency (2017–2023)

[edit]
President Halimah Yacob at the inauguration of the South Korean president Yoon Suk-yeol in Seoul, 10 May 2022

Halimah was sworn on 14 September 2017 as the president of Singapore at The Istana.[60] She was ex officio appointed Chancellor of the NUS[61] the Nanyang Technological University[62] Given that she is the first Malay president in 47 years, her election as Singapore's first female president is a historic event.[63]

Halimah made her first state visit as president to Brunei on 11 May 2018, where she witnessed the signing of a financial technology agreement and a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to exchange information related to money laundering and terrorist financing between Singapore and Brunei.[64] At the invitation of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Halimah was the first president of Singapore to visit the Netherlands since the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries on 7 December 1965.[65] The visit took place from 20 to 24 November 2018.[66]

In September 2019, Halimah oversaw the signing of eight memorandums with the Philippines, allowing Singaporean companies and small and medium-sized enterprises to expand in the areas of data protection, science and technology and skills training and development of human resources.[67][68] Later that same year, she would be Singapore's first President to conduct a State Visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[69] It was during this visit that she would be conferred the Collar of the Order of King Abdulaziz.[70] Prior to the visit to Saudi Arabia, she was in Kuwait for a state visit.[71]

In 2023, Halimah conducted several overseas visits as well. Notably to Malaysia[72] and Qatar,[73] which would be her last as President. In the visit to Malaysia in particular, Halimah was accorded a tree planting ceremony which is usually only for the rulers of each state in Malaysia when they visit Malaysia's Istana Negara.[74]

On 29 May 2023, Halimah announced that she would not be seeking re-election in the 2023 presidential election. Her term expired on 13 September and she was succeeded by ninth president Tharman Shanmugaratnam on 14 September.[75]

Advocate for gender equality

[edit]

Halimah's difficult upbringing inspired her to get a legal degree and defend the weak, which is why she is an advocate for women's rights. She focused on topics including equitable employment and reasonably priced healthcare when she initially entered politics in 2001 as Singapore's first female Malay MP. She stresses the necessity for ongoing cultural transformation and respect for women as equals, even as she appreciates the advancements made in gender equality.[76] As president, Halimah supported initiatives like the White Paper on Singapore Women's Development to address gender issues. She underscored the need for protections for older workers and advocated for legal reforms to ensure justice for sexual assault victims, arguing that age should not exempt offenders from punishment. Through her work under the President's Challenge, she also focused on empowering disadvantaged groups and promoting religious harmony and multicultural dialogue alongside gender equality.[77]

In 2019, Halimah advocated for companies to embrace gender equality, noting that it will increase innovation and business profitability during her speech at the Women's Forum Asia.[78] She had also publicly voiced her views about a local podcast, OkLetsGo, for their offensive remarks against women and asked the hosts of the show for an apology for their remarks.[79][80][81] In order to keep up with workers' concerns, she frequently met with union officials from a variety of industries.[81] Mary Liew, president of NTUC, said that Halimah "always had a heart for women" and was aware of the problems of working moms because she was one herself.[81]

Halimah praised the notable advancements made in women's development in Singapore during her remarks at the 9th Singapore Women Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony. She highlighted the country's improved gender equality ranking and the growing number of women in leadership positions and other fields. While acknowledging the vital roles social service partners play in bolstering these efforts, she underlined the significance of male-female collaborations and called for a concerted effort to dispel gender stereotypes and improve chances for women in the workplace. Eight new inductees were recognised during the event, which highlighted their remarkable accomplishments and experiences and reaffirmed the importance of female role models in motivating the next generation to create a more just society.[82]

COVID-19 response

[edit]

In April 2020, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, Halimah approved her in-principle for the government's request to draw S$21 billion from the past national reserves, aimed at subsidising wages of 1.9 million workers and preserving jobs and businesses.[83] On 7 April 2020, the Supplementary Supply Bill was revised for the Resilience and Solidarity Budgets and the revised bill was asserted by Halimah on 9 April 2020.[84] On 5 June 2020, the Parliament of Singapore passed the Second Supplementary Supply Bill for the Fortitude Budget, to allow for the government to draw an additional of S$31 billion from the past reserves, aimed at securing employment for those who lost their jobs due to the pandemic as the country loosens restrictions after the circuit breaker.[85]

On 16 June 2020, Halimah assented to the Second Supplementary Supply Bill, which enacted the Second Supplementary Supply Act, to allow the government the additional requested funds to ease the effects of the pandemic. This marks the second time that the past reserves of Singapore were drawn in the financial year of 2020 and it was also the largest amount drawn from the past reserves since Singapore's independence, with the funds totalling S$52 billion. She was the second president to exercise the president's discretionary powers for this purpose, after President S. R. Nathan in 2009 did so for the financial crisis of 2007–2008.[86]

Post-presidency (2023–present)

[edit]

After her presidency, Halimah became the chancellor of the Singapore University of Social Sciences from 1 October 2023.[87][88] She became Stephen Lee's successor and was notable for being a SUSS patron.[88]

On 30 August 2024, Tony Tan has been replaced by Halimah as the Securities Investors Association (Singapore)'s new chief patron. She was chosen for this esteemed position by the association because of her outstanding services to Singapore, which include her influential career as a politician and unionist and her representation of the country abroad throughout her 2023-ending president. According to David Gerald, the association's founder, Halimah's values complement the organization's objectives of defending individual investors' rights and encouraging moral business practices.[89]

Personal life

[edit]

Halimah is married to Mohammed Abdullah Alhabshee,[90][91] of Arab descent,[92] and they have five children.[93] Mohammed graduated from NUS with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics. It was also where he first met Halimah.[93]

Although Halimah is categorised as an Indian Muslim due to her father's descent,[3][5] she ran for the 2017 presidential election as a Malay candidate and identifies herself as a Malay Muslim.[7][94]

After being sworn in as president, she was known to be the first president residing in a HDB flat. Her flat was a duplex in Yishun, consisting of one 5-room flat and one 4-room flat joined by demolishing the median wall.[93] Halimah previously stated that she would not be moving out of her HDB flat during her term in office.[95] On 2 October 2017, however, the Ministry of Home Affairs announced that she would be moving out of the public housing apartment, due to security threats identified by security agencies.[96][97]

Awards and honours

[edit]

Honours

[edit]

On 22 May 2023, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev awarded Halimah the Order of Friendship 1st class.[98] Later on 29 October 2023, she was awarded the Order of Temasek (with high distinction) for serving Singapore with distinction over four decades and for her lifetime of devoted and distinguished service.[99]

National

Foreign

Awards

[edit]

In recognition of her contributions, she was awarded the Berita Harian Achiever of the Year Award in 2001,[100] the Her World Woman of the Year Award in 2003,[101] and the AWARE Heroine Award 2011.[102]

She was also inducted into the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations' Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2014.[103]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Together with the proposer and seconder, assentors must be registered voters in the candidate's electoral division in order to sign the nomination paper endorsing the candidate's candidacy.[16]

References

[edit]
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Political offices
Preceded by Speaker of Parliament
2013 – 2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Singapore
2017 – 2023 		Succeeded by
Parliament of Singapore
New constituency Member of Parliament for
Jurong GRC (Bukit Batok East)
2001 – 2015 		Succeeded by
New constituency Member of Parliament for
Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC (Marsiling)
2015 – 2017 		Succeeded by
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