too

See also: Appendix:Variations of "too"

English

Etymology

From Middle English to (“also, in addition to”), from Old English tō (“furthermore, also, besides”), adverbial use of preposition tō (“to, into”). The sense of "in addition, also" deriving from the original meaning of "apart, separately" (compare Old English prefix tō- (“apart”)). Doublet of to; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• (UK, Canada) IPA^(key): /tuː/, [tʰu̟ː], enPR: to͞o
• (US) IPA^(key): /tu/, [tʰu̟], enPR: to͞o
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /tʉː/, [tʰʉː]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Homophones: two, to
• Rhymes: -uː

Adverb

too (not comparable)

1. (focus) Likewise.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

   • 2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26:

     The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

2. (conjunctive) Also; in addition.

   There has been a cutback in federal subsidies. Rates have been increasing too.

   He's always willing to help. He, too, is generous with his time.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

   • 2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

     Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

3. (degree) To an excessive degree; over; more than enough.
   • 1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen‎^[1], Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day:

     […] purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. […] It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.

4. (degree, colloquial) To a high degree, very.

   She doesn't talk too much.  I'm not too sure about this.

5. (emphatic, colloquial, childish) Used to contradict a negative assertion with present and simple past forms of be, do, and auxiliary verbs

   Synonym: so

   You're not old enough yet. ― I am too!

   You can't jump that fence. ― Can too jump it!

   We haven't been mean to you. ― Have too, plenty of times

6. (archaic, colloquial) Used for emphasis, without reference to any previous statement.
   • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

     The trooper thanks his informant and rides slowly on, looking about him. […] He comes to a gateway in the brick wall, looks in, and sees a great perplexity of iron lying about in every stage and in a vast variety of shapes— […] "This is a place to make a man's head ache too!" says the trooper, looking about him for a counting-house.

Usage notes

• When used in their senses as degree adverbs, very and too never modify verbs; very much and too much do instead.

Synonyms

• (likewise, also): as well, along with, eke (obsolete)
• (over, more than enough): excessively, extremely, overmuch, unnecessarily

Derived terms

• a bridge too far
• all too
• and your little dog too
• be a hundred years too early
• can too
• eat one's cake and have it too
• enough is too much
• fly too close to the sun
• go too far
• have a few too many
• have one's cake and eat it too
• hit too close to home
• in too deep
• it's never too late to mend
• it's too expensive
• it's too late for sorry
• life is too short
• life's too short
• methinks the lady doth protest too much
• methinks thou dost protest too much
• me-too
• me too
• me-too-ism
• me too-ism
• none too soon
• not a minute too soon
• not a moment too soon
• not to put too fine a point on it
• not to put too fine a word on it
• not wrapped too tight
• one too many
• only too
• protest too much
• speak too soon
• spread oneself too thin
• take too far
• the lady doth protest too much
• the world is too much with someone
• think too much
• this too shall pass
• this too shall pass away
• too bad
• too big for one's boots
• too big for one's breeches
• too big for one's britches
• too big to fail
• too clever by half
• too close for comfort
• too close to call
• too close to the sun
• too cool for school
• too far gone
• too good for this world
• too good to be true
• too good to last
• too hard basket
• too-hard basket
• too hot to handle
• too hot to hold
• too late
• too long; didn't read
• too many
• too many balls in the air
• too many chefs spoil the broth
• too many chiefs and not enough indians
• too many chiefs and not enough Indians
• too many cooks spoil the broth
• too many cooks spoil the soup
• too many cooks spoil the stew
• too much bed makes a dull head
• too much information
• too-muchness
• too much of a good thing
• too much pudding will choke a dog
• too much water drowned the miller
• too posh to push
• too rich for one's blood
• too right
• too soon
• way too
• wear too many hats
• you are never too old to learn
• you're never too old to learn

 

Translations

likewise

• Albanian: gjithashtu (sq)
• Arabic: أَيْضًا (ar) (ʔayḍan), كَذٰلِكَ (ka-ḏālika), كمان (ar) (kamān), برضه (barḍu)

  Egyptian Arabic: كمان (kamān), برضه (barḍu)

  Hijazi Arabic: كمان (kamān), برضه (barḍu)

  North Levantine Arabic: كمان (kamān, kamēn)

  South Levantine Arabic: كمان (kamān), برضه (barḍu)

• Armenian: նաև (hy) (naew), նույնպես (hy) (nuynpes)
• Asturian: tamién (ast)
• Azerbaijani: də, da (az)
• Basque: gehiegi, ere (eu)
• Belarusian: такса́ма (taksáma)
• Bengali: -ও (bn) (-ō)
• Bulgarian: съ́що (bg) (sǎ́što)
• Catalan: també (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 都 (dou¹), 亦 (yue) (jik⁶), 也 (jaa⁵) (literary)

  Dungan: е (i͡ə)

  Hakka: 也 (ya)

  Mandarin: 也 (zh) (yě)

• Czech: také (cs), též (cs)
• Dalmatian: anca
• Danish: ligeså, også (da)
• Dutch: ook (nl), eveneens (nl)
• East Central German: aah
• Esperanto: ankaŭ (eo)
• Estonian: samuti (et), ka (et)
• Finnish: myös (fi), -kin (fi)
• French: aussi (fr)
• Friulian: ancje
• Galician: tamén (gl)
• Georgian: აგრეთვე (ka) (agretve), ასევე (ka) (aseve), -ც (-c)
• German: auch (de)
• Greek: επίσης (el) (epísis)
• Hebrew: גַּם (he) (gam), גם כן (gam ken)
• Hindi: भी (hi) (bhī), हम (hi) (ham)
• Hungarian: is (hu), szintén (hu), úgyszintén (hu), ugyancsak (hu), egyaránt (hu)
• Icelandic: líka (is)
• Ido: anke (io)
• Indonesian: juga (id)
• Ingrian: kera, tože
• Interlingua: anque
• Irish: freisin, leis, fosta (ga)
• Istriot: anca
• Italian: anche (it), pure (it)
• Japanese: も (ja) (mo) (particle), また (ja) (mata), さらに (ja) (sara-ni), にも (nimo)
• Khmer: ដែរ (km) (dae), ផង (km) (phɑɑng)
• Korean: 도 (ko) (do) (particle), 역시 (ko) (yeoksi)
• Lao: ກໍ (kǭ), ຍັງ (nyang), ດ້ວຍ (duāi), ດອມ (dǭm)
• Latin: etiam (la), quoque (la), et (la), et quidem, item, idem (la)
• Latvian: arī
• Lithuanian: taip pat (lt)
• Macedonian: исто така (isto taka)
• Malay: juga
• Maori: hoki, anō hoki, anōki
• Mongolian: бас (mn) (bas), мөн (mn) (mön)
• Navajo: ałdóʼ, dóʼ
• Norman: itou
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: også (no), òg (no), med (no)

  Nynorsk: òg, også (nn), med

• Occitan: tanben (oc)
• Old English: ēac
• Persian: هم (fa) (ham)
• Picard: étou
• Plautdietsch: uk
• Polish: też (pl)
• Portuguese: também (pt)
• Romanian: și (ro), deasemenea
• Russian: та́кже (ru) (tákže), то́же (ru) (tóže)
• Scottish Gaelic: cuideachd, mar an ceudna
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: тако́ђе, тако́ђер (Croatia)

  Roman: takóđe (sh), takóđer (sh) (Croatia)

• Slovak: aj (sk), tiež
• Slovene: tȗdi (sl)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: teke, tež

  Upper Sorbian: tež (hsb)

• Spanish: también (es)
• Swahili: pia
• Swedish: också (sv), även (sv), med (sv), ock (sv)
• Tajik: ҳам (tg) (ham)
• Telugu: కూడా (te) (kūḍā)
• Thai: ก็ (th) (gɔ̂), ยัง (th) (yang), ด้วย (th) (dûai)
• Tocharian B: rano
• Turkish: de (tr), da (tr)
• Ukrainian: теж (tež), тако́ж (uk) (takóž)
• Urdu: بھی (bhī)
• Uzbek: ham (uz)
• Venetan: anca (vec)
• Vietnamese: cũng (vi)
• Volapük: i (vo)
• Welsh: hefyd, yn ogystal

(conjunctive) also; in addition — see also,‎ in addition

more than enough; as too much

• Albanian: të
• Arabic: أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اللّازِمِ (ʔakṯara mina l-lāzimi); لِلْغايةِ (lilḡāyati); مُفْرِط (mufriṭ)
• Armenian: չափազանց (hy) (čʻapʻazancʻ)
• Assamese: please add this translation if you can
• Azerbaijani: həddindən artıq
• Basque: -egi (eu), nahi
• Belarusian: зана́дта (zanádta), на́дта (nádta), за- (za-) (prefix), заве́льмі (zavjélʹmi)
• Bengali: বেশী (bn) (beśi)
• Bulgarian: твъ́рде (bg) (tvǎ́rde)
• Catalan: massa (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 太 (zh) (tài), 過於／过于 (zh) (guòyú)

  Wu: 忒

• Czech: příliš (cs)
• Danish: for (da)
• Dutch: te (nl)
• Elfdalian: fer, uv
• Esperanto: tro (eo)
• Estonian: liiga (et)
• Faroese: ov
• Finnish: liian (fi)
• French: trop (fr)
• Galician: demasiado (gl)
• Georgian: მეტად (meṭad), მეტისმეტად (meṭismeṭad), ძალიან (ʒalian), ძლიერ (ʒlier)
• German: zu (de), allzu (de)
• Greek: υπερβολικά (el) (ypervoliká)

  Ancient: ἄγαν (ágan)

• Hawaiian: please add this translation if you can
• Hebrew: מִדַּי (he) (midáy)
• Hindi: बहुत (hi) (bahut), अतीव (hi) (atīv)
• Hungarian: túl (hu)
• Icelandic: of (is), allt of
• Ido: tro (io)
• Indonesian: terlalu (id)
• Ingrian: liijen, liikaa
• Irish: ró-
• Isan: please add this translation if you can
• Italian: troppo (it)
• Japanese: ...過ぎ (ja) (sugi), ...過ぎる (ja) (sugiru) (is attached to the word, behaves as a verb)
• Khmer: ពេក (km) (peik), លន់ (km) (lŭən), លាប់ (km) (lŏəp), លើស (km) (ləəh), ហួស (km) (huəh), នេះ (km) (nih), ដល់ក (km) (dɑl kɑɑ), ជោរ (km) (coo)
• Korean: 너무 (ko) (neomu)
• Lao: ເກີນໄປ (kœ̄n pai)
• Latin: nimis, nimium
• Latvian: līdz
• Limburgish: te (li)
• Lithuanian: per, pernelyg
• Lü: please add this translation if you can
• Macedonian: пре- (pre-), премногу (premnogu)
• Maltese: wisq
• Manx: ro-
• Marathi: जास्त (jāsta)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хэтэрхий (mn) (xeterxii), хэт (mn) (xet), дэндүү (mn) (dendüü)

  Mongolian: ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠶ (ketürkey), ᠬᠡᠲᠦ (ketü), ᠳᠡᠩᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ (dengdegüü)

• Nepali: एकदम (ne) (ekdam)
• Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: for (no), altfor (no)
• Occitan: tròp (oc)
• Old English: tō
• Persian: خیلی (fa) (xeyli)
• Polish: zbyt (pl), za (pl)
• Portuguese: demais (pt)
• Romanian: prea (ro)
• Russian: сли́шком (ru) (slíškom), чересчу́р (ru) (čeresčúr) (colloquial)
• Sanskrit: अतीव (sa) (atīva)
• Serbo-Croatian: previše (sh)
• Shan: please add this translation if you can
• Sindhi: هيڪاندو m, هيڪاندو f
• Slovak: príliš
• Slovene: preveč (sl)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: pśeliš, pśe-

• Southern Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: demasiado (es)
• Swahili: sana
• Swedish: alltför (sv), för (sv), allt för
• Thai: เกิน (th) (gəən), ไป (th) (bpai), เกินไป (th) (gəən-bpai), มากไป (mâak-bpai)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: çok (tr), fazla (tr), aşırı (tr)
• Ukrainian: за (uk) (za), на́дто (nádto), зана́дто (zanádto)
• Urdu: بہت (bahut)
• Vietnamese: quá (vi)
• Volapük: tu (vo)
• Welsh: rhy
• Yiddish: צו (tsu)
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

(degree, colloquial) to a high degree, very — see also very

• Hungarian: olyan (hu), annyira (hu)
• Japanese: 過ぎる (ja) (sugiru)

used to contradict a negative assertion

• Dutch: wel (nl), wel degelijk
• Finnish: -pas (fi), -han (fi)
• German: wohl (de), doch (de)
• Hungarian: de (igen)
• Swedish: visst (sv)

See also

• too too

Anagrams

• OTO, OoT, Oto, oot, oto, oto-

Acholi

Noun

too

1. fox

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/ [ˈtoː]
• Hyphenation: too

Determiner

tóo

1. that, those (feminine)

Derived terms

• tókke

 

See also

Afar demonstrative determiners

	masculine	feminine
proximal	á	tá
medial	amá	tamá
distal	wóo	tóo
very distal	wótti

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “too”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Asturian

Determiner

too n

1. neuter singular of tou

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *too, from Proto-Uralic *to. Cognates include Finnish tuo, Erzya тона (tona), Hungarian tova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈtoː]

Determiner

too (genitive tolle, partitive toda)

1. (dialectal) that (over there)

Usage notes

Used by speakers in and from Southern Estonia.

Declension

Declension of too (irregular)

	singular	plural
nominative	too	nood
genitive	tolle	nonde
partitive	toda	noid
illative	tollesse / tosse	nondesse / noisse
inessive	tolles / tos	nondes / nois
elative	tollest / tost	nondest / noist
allative	tollele	nondele / noile
adessive	tollel / tol	nondel / noil
ablative	tollelt / tolt	nondelt / noilt
translative	tolleks	nondeks / noiks
terminative	tolleni	nondeni
essive	tollena	nondena
abessive	tolleta	nondeta
comitative	tollega	nondega

See also

• see

Galice

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

too

1. water

References

• Harry Hoijer, Galice Athapaskan: A Grammatical Sketch, International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 32:4 (October 1966), pages 320-327

Galician

Verb

too

1. first-person singular present indicative of toar

Hiligaynon

Adjective

toó

1. dexter, right

Hunsrik

Adverb

too (Wiesemann spelling)

1. Alternative spelling of do

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *too, from Proto-Uralic *to. Cognates include Finnish tuo and Karelian tuo.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈtoː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈto̝ː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: too

Determiner

too

1. that

Pronoun

too

1. that

Usage notes

• Too and noo are deictic: They refer to physical entities. In contrast, se and neet are anaphoric, and thus refer to something that is previously mentioned in the conversation.

Declension

Declension of too
	singular	plural
nominative	too	noo
genitive	toon	noijen
accusative	toon	noo
partitive	toota	noita
illative	tooho	noihe
inessive	toos	nois
elative	toost	noist
allative	toolle	noille
adessive	tool	noil
ablative	toolt	noilt
translative	tooks	noiks
essive	toonna	noinna

Derived terms

• toin

 

See also

Ingrian demonstratives
	proximal	neutral	distal
singular	tämä (tää)	se	too
plural	nämät (näät)	neet	noo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian то (to).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈtoː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈto̝ː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: too

Adverb

too

1. otherwise

Synonyms

• muites

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈtoː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː/, [ˈto̝ː]
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: too

Verb

too

1. inflection of toovva:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 594
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[4], →ISBN, pages 13-14

Karao

Noun

too

1. person

Komba

Noun

too

1. water

References

• Neville et Gwyneth Southwell, Komba dictionary, page 37, 1969

Koyukon

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

too

1. water
   • (Can we date this quote?), Melissa Axelrod, The semantic of time. Aspectual Categorization in Koyukon Athabaskan, page 167 (Extrait de l’histoire traditionnelle : Tobaan Etseh)

     "Tsookʼaał, nelo too gheebenee?" yełnee.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Mwan

Noun

too

1. day
2. tomorrow

Portuguese

Verb

too

1. first-person singular present indicative of toar

Sekani

Alternative forms

• choo (in some other dialects)

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

too

1. (Kwadacha dialect) water

References

• Sharon Hargus, Documenting for revitalization: Kwadacha Tsek'ene, a case study (2014)

Spanish

Verb

too

1. first-person singular present indicative of toar

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪oː/

Verb

too

1. (transitive) to wrap up

Conjugation

Conjugation of too (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		totoo	motoo	atoo
2nd person		notoo	fotoo
3rd person	inanimate	itoo	dotoo
	animate
imperative		notoo, too	fotoo, too

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[5], Pacific linguistics

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English to, from Old English tō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuː/
• Homophone: to

Adverb

too

1. too
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

     W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

     With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88

Yoruba

Etymology

From Hausa tṑ; cognate with Baatonum to.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tóò/

Interjection

tóò

1. okay, well