呂氏春秋

Chinese

		surname	clan name; maiden name	spring and autumn; the four seasons
trad. (呂氏春秋)		呂	氏	春秋
simp. (吕氏春秋)		吕	氏	春秋

Etymology

Named after Qin politician 呂不韋.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Lǚshìchūnqiū

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˇ ㄕˋ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁵ si⁶ ceon¹ cau¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lǚshìchūnqiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˇ ㄕˋ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lyǔshìhchunciou
    • Wade–Giles: Lü³-shih⁴-chʻun¹-chʻiu¹
    • Yale: Lyǔ-shr̀-chwūn-chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Leushyhchuenchiou
    • Palladius: Люйшичуньцю (Ljujšičunʹcju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁵ si⁶ ceon¹ cau¹
    • Yale: léuih sih chēun chāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁵ si⁶ tsoen¹ tsau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁵ xi⁶ cên¹ ceo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯¹³ siː²² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ljoX dzyeX tsyhwin tshjuw

Rime
Character	呂	氏	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	3/3	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	常 (25)	昌 (24)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	支 (11)	諄 (47)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	力舉切	承紙切	昌脣切	七由切
Baxter	ljoX	dzyeX	tsyhwin	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨʌX/	/d͡ʑiᴇX/	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/liɔX/	/d͡ʑiɛX/	/t͡ɕʰʷin/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/liɔX/	/d͡ʑjɛX/	/t͡ɕʰjuen/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨə̆X/	/d͡ʑiə̆X/	/cʰwin/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/liɔX/	/ʑieX/	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/lĭoX/	/ʑǐeX/	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯woX/	/ʑie̯X/	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǚ	shì	chūn	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi5	si6	ceon1	cau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aʔ  k.deʔ  tʰun  tsʰiw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raʔ  ɡjeʔ  tʰjun  sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呂	氏	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǚ	shì	chūn	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ ljoX ›	‹ dzyeX ›	‹ tsyhwin ›	‹ tshjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aʔ/	/*k.deʔ/	/*tʰun/	/*tsʰiw/
English	spine; pitch-pipe	clan	springtime	autumn; crop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呂	氏	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	3/3	1/1	1/1
No.	8579	11523	12573	10537
Phonetic component	呂	氏	屯	秋
Rime group	魚	支	文	幽
Rime subdivision	0	0	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	吕	是	春	秋
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raʔ/	/*ɡjeʔ/	/*tʰjun/	/*sʰɯw/
Notes	甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊， 中不連，非膂初文	甲金文象人俯伏手臂下據着地（右下菱形象封土， 指胙土命氏，金文省爲圓點），以表對氏族份地的禮敬， 後轉註爲坁祇， 非乁聲	說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字

Proper noun

呂氏春秋

1. Lüshi Chunqiu; Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals

Synonyms

• 呂覽／吕览 (Lǚlǎn)