bran

See also: Bran, braň, brán, brân, and brån

English

Etymology 1

wheat bran

From Middle English bran, branne, bren, from Old French bren, bran (“bran, filth”), from Gaulish brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“rotten, foul”) (compare Welsh braen (“stench”), Irish bréan (“rancid”), Walloon brin (“excrement”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (compare Latin fragrāre (“to smell strongly”), Dutch brak (“hound”)).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /ˈbɹæn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Noun

bran (countable and uncountable, plural brans)

1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.

Derived terms

• bolt to the bran
• branflake
• branlike
• branmeal
• bran-new
• branny
• bran pie
• brantail
• bran tub
• debran
• raisin bran

 

Translations

outside layer of a grain

• Albanian: hime (sq) f
• Arabic: نُخَالَة f (nuḵāla)

  Moroccan Arabic: نخّالة f (nəḵḵæla)

• Armenian: թեփ (hy) (tʻepʻ)
• Azerbaijani: kəpək
• Basque: zahi
• Belarusian: во́труб'е n (vótrubʺje), вы́сеўкі pl (výsjeŭki)
• Bhojpuri: चोकर (cōkar)
• Bikol Central: ata
• Bulgarian: три́ци (bg) pl (tríci)
• Catalan: bren m,segó (ca) m, esquellat m (of rice)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 麩皮／麸皮 (zh) (fūpí), 麩／麸 (zh) (fū)

• Crimean Tatar: kebek
• Czech: otruby f pl
• Danish: klid (da) n
• Dutch: zemel (nl) m
• Esperanto: brano
• Finnish: lese (fi)
• French: son (fr) m
• Galician: relón (gl) m, muíña f, farelo (gl) m
• Georgian: ქატო (kaṭo)
• German: Kleie (de) f
• Greek: πίτουρο (el) n (pítouro)

  Ancient: πίτυρα n pl (pítura)

• Hebrew: סובים m (subím)
• Hindi: चोकर (hi) (cokar)
• Hungarian: korpa (hu)
• Indonesian: dedak (id)
• Irish: bran m
• Italian: crusca (it) f, semola f
• Japanese: 麸 (ja) (ふすま, fusuma) (wheat bran), 糠 (ja) (ぬか, nuka) (rice bran)
• Khmer: កន្ទក់ (km) (kɑntŭək)
• Korean: 겨 (ko) (gyeo), 기울 (ko) (giul)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: سۆس (sos), کەپەک (kepek)

  Northern Kurdish: sivî (ku) f

  Southern Kurdish: کەڵپ (kellp), کەڵپەک (kellpek)

• Latin: acus (la) n, āplūda f, canicae f pl
• Luxembourgish: Krësch (lb) m
• Macedonian: три́ци pl (tríci)
• Maori: pāpapa
• Mongolian: хэвэг (mn) (xeveg), хивэг (mn) (xiveg), шигшдэс (mn) (šigšdes)
• Persian: سبوس (fa) (sabus)
• Plautdietsch: Kjlie m
• Polish: otręby (pl) f pl
• Portuguese: farelo (pt) m
• Romanian: tărâțe f pl
• Russian: о́труби (ru) f pl (ótrubi), вы́севки (ru) f pl (výsevki)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мекиње pl

  Roman: mekinje (sh) pl

• Slovak: otruby (sk) f pl
• Slovene: otrobi m pl
• Spanish: salvado (es) m, acemite (es) m (archaic), afrecho (es) m
• Swedish: kli (sv) n
• Tagalog: darak
• Tashelhit: ⵉⵍⴰⵎⵎⵏ m pl (ilammn)
• Telugu: తవుడు (te) (tavuḍu)
• Thai: รำ (th) (ram)
• Turkish: kepek (tr)
• Ukrainian: ви́сівки pl (výsivky)
• Uyghur: كىپەك (kipek), توپان (topan)
• Vietnamese: cám (vi)
• Walloon: laton (wa) m, latons (wa) m pl (more frequently), grus (wa) m pl
• Welsh: eisin pl

Etymology 2

A bran.

From Welsh brân or Cornish bran?

Noun

bran (plural brans)

1. (ornithology) The European carrion crow.

Further reading

• bran on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Barn, NRAB, barn, N-bar

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.

Noun

bran m (plural brini)

1. crow, raven

Inflection

  Mutation of bran  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bran	vran	unchanged	pran
plural	brini	vrini	unchanged	prini

See also

• frav

Catalan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *brandus, from Frankish *brand.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbɾan]

Noun

bran m (plural brans)

1. broadsword

Related terms

• brandar

Further reading

• “bran” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “bran”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “bran” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “bran” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna, Slovene vrana.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɹæːn]

Noun

bran m (plural brini or briny)

1. crow

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbran]

Etymology 1

Noun

bran f

1. genitive plural of brána

Etymology 2

Noun

bran f

1. genitive plural of brány

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bran, from Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna, Slovene vrana.)

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

1. (literary) raven

   Synonym: fiach

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bran brain Vocative a bhrain a bhrana Genitive brain bran Dative bran brain

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bran na brain Genitive an bhrain na mbran Dative leis an mbran don bhran leis na brain

Derived terms

• branán m (“raven; a principal piece in ancient board-game set; prince”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

1. bream (Abramis brama)

   Synonyms: bréan, deargán

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bran brain Vocative a bhrain a bhrana Genitive brain bran Dative bran brain

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bran na brain Genitive an bhrain na mbran Dative leis an mbran don bhran leis na brain

Etymology 3

Noun

bran m (genitive singular bran)

1. Clipping of bran (mór) (“bran”).
2. Clipping of bran beag (“pollard”).

Declension

Declension of bran

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative bran Vocative a bhran Genitive bran Dative bran

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an bran Genitive an bhran Dative leis an mbran don bhran

Etymology 4

From English bran.

Noun

bran m (genitive singular bran)

1. bran

Declension

Declension of bran

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative bran Vocative a bhran Genitive bran Dative bran

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an bran Genitive an bhran Dative leis an mbran don bhran

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bran	bhran	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bran”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bran (‘raven’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bran”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “bran”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Middle English

Alternative forms

• branne, bren

Etymology

From Old French bren, from Gaulish *brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“foul, rotten”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bran/, /brɛn/, /braːn/

Noun

bran

1. The ground husk of wheat

Descendants

• English: bran
• Yola: bran

References

• “brā̆n, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Noun

bran oblique singular, m (oblique plural brans, nominative singular brans, nominative plural bran)

1. Alternative form of branc

Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bran/

Noun

bran m (genitive brain or broin, nominative plural brain or broin)

1. raven

   Synonyms: fiach, trogan

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bran	branL	brainL
Vocative	brain	branL	branuH
Accusative	branN	branL	branuH
Genitive	brainL	bran	branN
Dative	branL	branaib	branaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: bran

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bran	bran pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bran”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *bornь. Cognate with Polish broń.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bráːn/

Noun

brȃn f

1. defense

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing.	brán
gen. sing.	braní
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	brán	braní	braní
genitive (rodȋlnik)	braní	braní	braní
dative (dajȃlnik)	bráni	branéma	braném
accusative (tožȋlnik)	brán	braní	braní
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	bráni	branéh	branéh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	branjó	branéma	branmí

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bran

1. genitive dual/plural of brana

Further reading

• “bran”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from English bran.

Noun

bran m (uncountable)

1. bran (broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain), husks

Derived terms

• bran gwenith (“wheat-bran”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bran	fran	mran	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bran”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English brān, from Old French bran, bren, from Gaulish brennos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɾɔːn/
• Homophone: broan

Noun

bran

1. bran
   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

     Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

     There was a good pudding made of bran.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 93