Metabolic Pathways

COO -

6.3.2.7-10
6.3.2.13 HO O

2.4.99.7

CH2OH

O
COO -

OPC

OPPU

CH3CH

2.4.1.17

NHAC

CMP-N-Acetyl
neuraminate

HO

CH2OH
O COO

GDP-Fucose

CH2OH
O

N-Ac-Neuraminate

UDP-N-AcGalactosamine

HO O
CH2 C

(Sialate)
CH2OP
O

OPPU

COO

UDP-N-Ac3.1.3.29
ACNH
4.1.3.20 Glucosamine
HO OH
OH
pyruvate
N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P
CH2OH
O

CH2OH
O

UDPGalacturonate

COO

NHAC

ACNH
HO OH
OH

HO OH

5.1.3.6

OPPU
OH

5.4.2.8

CH2OH
O

OP

NHAC

N-Ac-Mannosamine

OH OH

OH H

OH

OH

3.1.1.18 HOCH 2

OH OH

1.13.99.1

Glucuronate

CO

HOCH 2

OH H

OH

1.1.1.45

CO

CO

HOCH 2

HOCH 2 C

OH

OH H

CHO

OH H
C

HOCH 2

HOCH 2 C
H

CH2OH

OH OH

OH

CHO

L-Arabinose
H

HOCH 2

H
C

CO

5.3.1.3

CHO

OH H
C

HOCH 2

OH OH

POCH2

2.7.1.53

CO

OH

CO

CH2OH

POCH2 C

HOCH 2 C

Cyt bc

POCH 2

OH

HO

4.1.2.-

CHO

POCH2

OH OH OH

H OH

GLYCINE

2PQ

ADP

H+

ATP

NADH

ADP

3.6.1.34

STROMA

HO

COO

HO

COO

Arachidonate 1.13.11.34

1.3.1.35
COSCoA

L
I
P
I
D

CO-S-ACP

Stearoyl-CoA

5.3.99.5

CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH 2COS
COS-CoA

Dehydrostearoyl-CoA

OH-Stearoyl-CoA

Oxostearoyl-CoA

Chain elongation

ACYL-ACP

3-Enoyl-ACP

Glycerate

Decanoyl-ACP

4.2.1.6

3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP

1.3.1.

CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP

1.1.1.100

CH3CH=CHCO-S-ACP

1.3.1.9

Butanoyl-ACP

3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP

Crotonoyl-ACP

6.2.1.3

ACYL-CoA

3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP

2.3.1.15

2.3.1.7

CH2O-CO-R"

FAT

O-Acyl-carnitine

CH3COCH 3

2.7.8.5

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COO

4.1.1.4

CH2O P

3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107

Phosphatidate

(Mitochondria)

D
E
G
R
A
D
A
T
I
O
N

CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2COSCoA

Hexanoyl-CoA
CH3CH2CH2COSCoA

2, 3-Enoyl-CoA
CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.3

Butanoyl-CoA

4.2.1.17

2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA
CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.2

CH3(CH n CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

4.2.1.17

CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.35

3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA
CH3CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

4.2.1.55

Crotonoyl-CoA

3-OH-Acyl-CoA

1.1.1.35

PYRUVATE

HOOCCH 2CO-SCoA

CH 3CO-S-ACP

1.4.1.1

CH3(CH2)n COCH 2COSCoA

ALANINE
4.1.3.

18

CH3COCH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.157

3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA

16

2.3.1.1

3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA

CH3CH2CH=CHCOSCoA

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

Pentenoyl-CoA

CH3CH2COCH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.35

3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA

1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
3.1.3.43

LACTATE
.1

OH

4.1.1.65

.5

CH2O-CO-R

+
CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3

OCholine
plasmalogen 1.3.1.35
Serine +NH

HOCH O

LECITHIN

UDP-Sugars Acyl-CoA

UDP-Galactose

5.2.1.3

Light

11-cis-Retinal
1.1.1.105

Plastoquinone

trans-Retinol

11-cis-Retinol

Dark

(Vitamin A)

HO
CH 3

CH2OH

5.2.1.7

Farnesyl-PP

CH 3

(C15)

O
CH3

-Tocopherol

Phylloquinone
(Vitamin K)

H
C

H3 C

H3C

H2 C

CH2
COO-

HEME

CH2
CH2

1.3.3.4
4.99.1.1

H
N
C
H2

CH2
COO-

COO-

CH2

CH

H3 C

N
H

H
N

CH2

CH3 CH
2

H2
C

N
H
CH

N
C
H

CH2

CH3

H2
C

N
H
H
N

CH2

CH2
CH2
COO-

CH2
COO-

1.3.3.3

Lanosterol

5.4.99.7
1.14.99.7

H
N
C
H2

-OOC

CH2

H 2C

CH2

H 2C

CH3
-

CH2

CH2 H
2
C

(C30)

N
H

H
N

H
N

OOC

CH2

CH2
CH2
COO-

COO-

C
H2

CH2
CH2
CH2

COO-

5-AminoCH 2

H2 C

CH 2
N
H

H2 N

4.2.1.75

H+
H+
H+

H+
H+

Porphobilinogen

N2

H+

H+

c
0 c-sub-u

1.14.11.1

2-Oxoadipate

ISOLEUCINE
CH 3

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4.1.1.36

4-P-Pantetheine

+
(CH3)2CHCH 2 CH(NH 3)COO

2.6.1.6

Glycine +

CH2
CH-COO

OOCCH 2CH2CONH
OOCCOCH 2CH2CH2CH-COO

3.5.3.1

H2NCNHCH 2COO

2.1.1.2

S-Adenosylmethyl
thiopropylamine

+
CH 2CH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

Saccharopine

LEGEND
Carbohydrates
Biosynthesis
Degradation

Biosynthesis
Degradation

CH3COCOO

CH

OHCCOO

CH2

CH2

CHCOO

PROLINE
1.14.11.2

4-Hydroxy2-oxoglutarate

+ NH2

P- HNCN(CH 3)CH2COO

P-Creatine
3.5.2.10

4-Hydroxyglutamate

CHCOO
N
H

1.5.1.12

HYDROXY
PROLINE
HN C

NH

N
CH3

CO
CH 2

Biosynthesis
Degradation

Vitamins Co-enzymes & Hormones

Biosynthesis

Degradation

Photosynthesis Dark Reactions

Human Metabolism is identified as far possible by black arrows

Biosynthesis

Degradation

COMPARTMENTATION

2.6.1.23
+
OOCCH(OH)CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

CH2

H2C

Argininosuccinate

Biosynthesis
Degradation

Purines &
Pyrimidines

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

4.1.3.16
OOCCH(OH)CH 2COCOO

HOCH

Amino Acids

Pyruvate Glyoxylate

CHCOO
N

Pyrroline-5carboxylate
1.5.99.8
CH2
1.5.1.2

1.14.13.39

2.7.3.2

COO
NH CHCH 2CH2COO

1.5.1.9

NH

Creatine

A
C
I
D
S

CH3-SCH 2CH2CHNH 2

Putrescine

6.3.4.5

H2NCN(CH 3)CH2COO

+
OHCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

2-Aminoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-Aminoadipate

semialdehyde

H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

+
OHCCH 2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

4.3.2.1

RGONIC REACTIO N

7
5.1.1.
20
4.1.1.
1.5.1.7 - 10

LYSINE

Lipids

ARGININE

Guanidoacetate

1.14.11.8

N6-Trimethyllysine

2.5.1.16

OOCCHCH 2COO
N
+
H2NCNHCH 2CH 2CH2CH(NH3) COO

+ NH2

OOCCH-CH 2CH2CH2CHCOO
+
NH 3

+
H2N(CH 2)4 CH(NH 3)COO

A
M
I
N
O

(Decarboxylated SAM)

Glutamic
semialdehyde

NO

+
NH3

OOCCHCH 2CH2CH 2CH-COO

+
NH3

+
+
(CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

2.5.1.22

2.1.3.3

3.5.3.6

Coenzyme A

N-Succinyl- 2.6.1.17 N-Succinyl-2, 6 3.5.1.18 Diamino2-amino-6-oxodiaminopimelate

pimelate
pimelate

Spermidine

4.1.1.17

NH2

2.7.1.24
P-ADP- OCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

(CH3)2CHCH 2COSCoA

Isovaleryl-CoA

H2N(CH 2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

1.2.1.41

2.6.1.13

+
H2NCNHCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

Dephospho-Coenzyme A

OOCCH 2CH2CONH

2.6.1.39

Spermine

CH2 CH2

UREA

ADP- OCH2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

LEUCINE

HOCH
HC

CH2
CHCOO

3-Hydroxypyrroline5-carboxylate

The "Backbone" of metabolism involves

GLYCOLYSIS in the CYTOPLASM,
the TCA CYCLE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
and ATP FORMATION spanning the
MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE

An electron flow (an electric current) generated from

NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
needed to form ATP from ADP and phosphate

Electron Flow

Proton Flow

1.5.1.2
Small Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUBMBEnzyme
Commission (EC) Reference Numbers of Enzymes

Creatinine

22nd Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D.Sc., The University of Leeds, England and Sigma-Aldrich
Product No. M 3907

Brazil
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Tel: 55 11 3732-3100
Fax: 55 11 3733-5151

China
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Tel: 86-21-6386 2766
Fax: 86-21-6386 3966

4-P-Pantothenylcysteine

P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH 2SH

1.4.1.9

www.iubmb.org

Australia
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Free Fax: 1800 800 096
Tel: 612 9841 0555
Fax: 612 9841 0500

COO
P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCHCH 2SH

1.2.1.25

Adenosyl

2.7.2.1
+
1 POOCCH2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

H2NCONH 2

+ NH

2003 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Argentina
SIGMA-ALDRICH DE
ARGENTINA, S.A.
Tel: 54 11 4556 1472
Fax: 54 11 4552 1698

4-P-Pantothenate
Cysteine
6.3.2.5

CH3CH2

+
OOCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

OOCCH 2CH2CH2COCOO

+
H 2NCONHCH 2CH2CH2CH(NH3) COO

2.1.4.1

H 2C
OOCC

H2
C

H2N(CH 2)3NH(CH2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

2.1.3.3

ADP Pi

ATP

2.7.1.33

CH3CH 2CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.10

Glutaryl-CoA

ORNITHINE

H+

nit

2.6.1.32

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA

CH 2
CH-COO

6.3.5.5

H2NCOOP

F0

6.4.1.4

OOCCH 2CH 2CH2COSCoA

Glutamine

ATP
CO2

H+

E NDE

HC
OOCC

H
C

5
.1

+
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

6.3.2.1

PANTOTHENATE
P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2COO

1.2.1.25

N6-Trimethyl3-OH-lysine

+
H2NOCCH 2CH2CH (NH3) COO

NH4

7.1
1.7. 6.4
1.6. .1
8.6 6.3.4.16
1.1

H+ H+
H+ H+

D PROTONS

OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA

CH3
CH3C = CHCOSCoA

Carnitine

3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2

F1

AT
E

4.2.1.24

4.3.1.8

Uroporphyrinogen

Pi

COOlevulinate
-OOC

H2 C

CH2
COO-

4.1.1.37

Coproporphyrinogen

H 2O

CH2
H2NCH2C=O

CH2
N
H

H 2C

ADP +

IV

1/ O
2 2

Squalene

COOCH2

COOCOOCH2
CH2

CH2

CH2

N
H

H2 C

H3C

CH3

Protoporphyrinogen

COO-

AT

(CH3)2CHCH 2COCOO

3-Isopropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleucine

malate

CH3

CITRULLINE

CHCOCOO
CH3CH2

.1

1.4.1.14

ATP

P +1 P i

1.1.1.169

HOCH2 C(CH3)2CH(OH)CO NHCH 2CH2COO

+
CHCH(NH 3)COO

CH3
CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

4.1

GLUTAMATE

CH2

CH

CH
CH

CH3

N
Fe

COO-

CH2

TRA N S L O

CH

HC

HO

Zymosterol

COO-

CH2
CH3

Desmosterol

CHLOROPHYLL

CH2

1.9.3.1

HO

1.2.1.25

CH 3

COOH
(CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO

(GABA)

Carbamoyl-P

ATP
AD

CHOLESTEROL

Pregnenolone

H3 C

F6

2H+

2eH

H
HO

Oxopantoate

Pantoate
-Alanine
3.5.1.22

CH3CHCO-SCoA

CH3

2.6.1.19

+
OOCCH 2CH 2CH (NH3) COO

NA
TIO N

1.6.6.1
1.7.99.4

F1

2H+ CuB Heme a3

H
HO

MI

NO2-

2.5.1.21

(Vitamin E)

STEROIDS
Progesterone

H3 C

2H+

Heme a

HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2COCOO

HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)COO

3-Hydroxy- 4.2.1.17 Methyl 1.3.99.3 Isobutyryl-CoA

Isobutyryl-CoA
acrylyl-CoA

OOCCH 2CH2CH2NH2

2-OXO ACID

NO3-

or ting ATP
nsp 3.6.1.34 synt
h
tra
+oscp

e
as

CH2OH

Glutathione

CH3

CH3
CH2 = CCOSCoA

2.5.1.6

(SAM)

CH3
+
CHCH(NH 3)COO
CH3

2.6.1.32

1.2.1.32

S-Adenosyl
methionine

CH2SH
+
OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCONHCH 2 COO

2.3

CH3

METHIONINE
+
CH 3 SCH CH CH(NH )COO
2
2
3
+

2.1.1.10
2.1.1.20

4.1.2.12

2-3-Dihydroxy 4.2.1.9 2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 VALINE

isovalerate
isovalerate

HOCH 2CHCOS-CoA-

Glutamyl-P

CuA CuA

CH3

2.3.1.76
3.1.1.21

4.3.1.3

2SO 4

Glycine

6.3.

HCHO

4-Aminobutyrate

R-CO-COO

1.4.1.2

Phytol (C20)

CHCOO

Adenosyl

-Glutamylcysteine

CHCOCOO

+
+
(CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.1.1.70

2.6.1.-

N
C
H

4.2.1.19

+
CH 3 SCH CH CH(NH )COO
2
2
3

2.1.1.13
2.1.1.14

Adenosyl

CH3

+
(CH3)3NCH2CH(OH)CH 2COO

1.3.99.7

Cyt.c

OPP
CH2

CH2OH

Menaquinone

CHO

Asparagine

_
UQ.

CH

CH2COCH 2OP

NH

Imidazole
acetol-P
CH

2.7.7.4

(APS)

Bile Acids

2.3.1.46

C(OH)CH(OH)COO
CH3CH2

+
OHCCH 2CH (NH3)COO

UQ

1.10.2.2

2.5.1.10

1.2
.1.1
1

+
R-CH(NH3) COO

(C20)

Adenylylsulphate

CH2SH
+
OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCOO

OOCCH 2CH2CHO
Aspartyl 4.2.1.52 2, 3-Dihydro-1.3.1.26 PiperideineSemialdehyde
dipicolinate 2, 6-dicarboxylate
Succinic
semialdehyde
OH

2-AMINO ACID

1eCyt.bH

Cyt.c1
2UQ

(C10)

Geranyl-geranyl-PP
n

Ubiquinone
(Coenzyme Q)

1.1.1.105

Retinol esters

CH3C= CHCH 2 CH2C= CHCH 2OPP

CH2OPP

Geranyl-PP

CH3
O

1e-

Aspartyl-P

5-Aminolevulinate

2H+

NS

CH3O

CHO

trans-Retinal

2.5.1.29

O
CH3O

Opsin

2.5.1.1
CH3

CH 3

2.5.1.32

Rhodopsin

1.13.11.21
COO-

(C5)

HC

Urocanate

S-Adenosyl
homocysteine

2.2

4.2.1.33

4.2.1.18

+
H2NOCCH 2CH (NH3 COO

TRA

hv

-CAROTENE (C40)
Metarhodopsin

Dimethylallyl-PP

(C40)

Glycine

UQH2

2e- 2UQ_
.
III
2eFe-S
Cyt.bL

H
C

NH
CH

+
SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

Taurine

C (OH)CH(OH)COO
CH3

CH3CH(OH)CHCOSCoA

COOH

2-Isopropylmalate

1.1.1.3

6.3.5.4

2H+

2UQH2

(CTP)
H

P OCH 2 C

C
H

Homocysteine

HO3SCH 2CH2NH2

1.8.1.3

CH 3

(CH3)2CHC(OH)CH 2COO

4.2.1.18

1.2.1.16

2.3.1.37

1.10.2.2

4H+

(C5)

3.1.2.4

+
P OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO

5.4.99.2

6.2.1.4

CH2

CYTIDINEtriphosphate

P
Y
R
I
M
I
D
I
N
E
S

2.7.7.3

6.4.1.3

2.7.2.
4

5.1.99.1

SUCCINYL-CoA

-OOCCH2CH2COO-

SUCCINATE

II

CH3C-CH2CH2OPP

Isopentenyl-PP

CH3
CH3C = CHCH 2OPP

ASPARTATE

-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA

2.7.1.25

CDP

CH 2.7.4.6
CH
RPPP

OH OH HN

2.6.1.9
CH

4.2.1.49

2-Methylaceto-1.1.1.35 2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17Tiglyl-CoA
2 Methylbutyryl1.3.99.3
acetyl-CoA
hydroxyCoA
butyryl-CoA

Methylmalonyl-CoA

4.1.1.71

4.3.1.1

UQH2

NHCOR

Cerebroside

Phytoene

Retinoate

UQ
4.1.1.33

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2 O- Galactose

2CH2COO

1.2.4.2
2.3.1.61

1.3.5.1

FAD

6.3.

1.29

CH3

COO

CH3

2-OXO-

FADH2
Fe-S
Cyt.b

Imidazole
glycerol-P

NH
CH

CHCH 2CH2COO

+
HSCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.4.1.8

4.2.1.9
2-Aceto-22-Oxo-3-methyl
2:3-Di-OHhydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate
valerate
butyrate

2.1.3.1
4.1.1.41
5.1.99.1

FUMARATE

UQH2

CH2COO

6.3.4.2

Propanoyl-CoA

GLUTARATE

OOCCH=CHCOO-

Diphosphomevalonate

Acyl-CoA

-OOCCOCH

1.17.4.1

N
OC

CH2CH(NH 3)CH2OP

NH
CH

Glutamate

CH3

CH 3CH2COSCoA

1.1.1.41

or
2H+ -

Psychosine

3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47
1.3.99.7

To Brain - VISION

CHOLINE

2.7.1.32

31

1.1.1.

OOC-CH-COSCoA

MALATE
4H+
2H+ 4.2.1.2

1.6. 5.3

CH3C(OH)CH 2CH2OPP
+
NH 3
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2 O- Galactose

NHCOR

Lycopene (C40)

1.2.1.36

Choline-P

2.4.1.23
3.5.1.23

Ceramide

3.1.4.12

HEMOGLOBIN

P
O
R
P
H
Y
R
I
N
S

3.1.4.12

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

2.7.8.3

SPHINGOMYELIN

S
T
E
R
O
I
D
S

4.1.3.1

Imidazolone
propionate

4.2.1.22

Cystathionine

CH3

CH3

CH(OH)COO2COO

CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA

2.7.1.36
2.7.4.2

+
HOCH 2CH 2N(CH 3)3

+
OCH 2CH2N(CH 3)3

4-Sphingenin

2.4.1.62

NHAcyl O
+
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2 O PO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3
O

2.7.7.15

CDP-choline

2.7.8.

+
NH 3
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

Sphinganin

4H+

CH COO

2.3.1.6

1.1.1.86

CH3COCHCOSCoA

ISOCITRATE

2Fe -S
(5 Clusters)

2
Acetylcholine CH C(OH)CH
3
2 CH2OH
4.2
Mevalonate

3.1.4.3
+
CPP-O CH2CH2N(CH 3)3

FMNH2
2H

1.1.1.32

+
HOCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

1.1.1.3

3-Hydroxyisobutyrate

3.18

4.2.1.3

Glyoxylate
Cycle

1.1.1.37

3.1.

3.1.4.4

1.1.1.102

Gangliosides

Mevaldate

CH 3COCH 2CH 2N(CH 3)3

+
CH2OPO CH2CH 2N(CH 3)

2.7.8.2

+
NH 3
CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CHCH 2OH

CH 3(CH2)14COCHCH 2OH

CH3C(OH)CH 2CHO

+
HOCH 2CH 2NH 3

Ethanolamine

OGlycerophosphocholine

3.1.1.5

- Lysolecithin

CH2COO

d-CDP

NH 2

O
C
CH
CH
N
RPPP

CONH 2
N
NH C
CH
C
HC
N
N
RP

CH2

HC

+
OOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

CH3
HOCH 2CHCOO

CITRATE
-OOCCHO

+
CH2CH(NH 3)COO
+
SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

Hypotaurine

CH3COC(OH)CH 3

2.3.1.1

2.6.1.1

4.1.3.2

2.7.4.14

Cytosine

HN
OC

Histidinol-P

3.1.3.15
OC

3.5.2.7

Phosphoadenylylsulphate

4.1.

CH3COC(OH)CH 2CH3

FMN

d-CMP

NH 2
C
CH
N
CH
OC
NH

CO

CH 2CH(NH 3)CH2OH

O-Phospho- 2.7.1.39Homoserine
4.2.99.2
homoserine

4.1.3.7
CH2COOC(OH)COOCH2COO-

NH
CH

HO2SCH 2CH2NH2

4.1.

4.1.3.8

3.3.1.1

CH3CH2COCOO

CH3
OHCCHCOO

Histidinol

1.1.1.23

Cysteate

2-Acetolactate

4.1.1.32

OXALOACETATE

1.4.3.8

2.7.1.82

CH2OH

HOCH O
+
CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3
O
CH 2 O-CO-R
3.1.1.32
O
R'-CO-OCH
+
CH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH 3)3
O

2.1.1.17
2.1.1.71

Dehydrosphinganin

I
S
O
P
R
E
N
O
I
D
S

+
POCH2CH2 NH3

Ethanolamine-P

1.1.1.34

HOCH 2CHO

Glycol
aldehyde

OPhosphatidylglycerol

2.7.7.14

CDP-Ethanolamine

HOOC-COOH

Oxalate

2.7.8.5

CH2O-PO CH 2CHOHCH 2OH

+
CPP- OCH 2CH2 NH3

2.7.8.1

2.3.1.50

R'-CO-OCH

d-UMP

OH OH

CHCH 2CH2COO

+
HO3SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

+
POCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.1.16

GTP

NAD+

CH
CH
N DP
3.5.4.12

HN
OC

2.4.2.9

P OCH 2 C

CH
N RP

NH2
C
CH
CH
OC
N
DP

(PAPS)

Oxobutyrate

-OOCCOCH2COO-

NADH+H+
4.2.1.1
8

HC

NH
CH

1.8.99.2

4.2.99.9

COO

Malonic
semialdehyde

Methylmalonyl
semialdehyde

4.1.3.4

CH3C(OH)CH 2COSCoA

-OH--Methylglutaryl-CoA

1.6.5.3

O
+
CH 2O P OCH 2CH2 NH 3

1.2.1.21

CH2O-CO-R

CH 2O-CO-R
O HCO-CO-R

Cardiolipin

1.2.3.5
HOCH 2COO

Glycolate

+
CH2CH(NH 3)CHO

NH
CH

4.4.1.1

Cysteine
sulphinate

1.1.1.39

4.1.3.5
CH2COO

1.1.1.79

CDP-diacyl
glycerol

Inositol

2.7.8.11

OHCCOO

Glyoxylate

2.7.7.41

CH2O POCMP

Serine

2.7.8.8

CH2 O-POCH 2CH(OH)CH 2 O-P-OCH 2

O
O

OPhosphatidyl
ethanolamine
CEPHALIN

CH2OCH=CHR

CH2O-CO-R
R'-CO-OCH
O

R'-CO-OCH

R-CO-OCH

R'-CO-OCH

COO
O
+
CH 2O PO CH 2CHNH 3

PHOSPHATIDYL
SERINE

Phosphatidyl
inositol
CH 2O-CO-R

CH 2O-CO-R

R'-CO-OCH

1.3.99.7
HO OH
OH

1.8.99.1

CYSTEINE

6.3

CH 2O-CO-R
OH

C-CH3
CH
2.1.1.45
DP

RP

1.13.11.20

4.1.3.
18

OHCCH 2COO-

1.2.1.18

HSO -

99
+
.8 HSCH 2CH(NH
3)COO

THREONINE

ACETYL-CoA

NAD+

CH2 O-CO-R

CH2O-PO

NH2
N
OC
C
NH
CH
C
HC
N
N

Succinylhomoserine

.44
2.6.1.4 2.6.1

R'-CO-OCH O

1.6.4.1

4.1.1.29

2.6.1.18

4.2

HOH
GDP
CO2

NADH+H+
4.1.3.5

3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA

4.2.

CYSTINE

+
CH3CH(OH)CH(NH 3)COO

CH3CH(OH)COO

CH3COSCoA

CH 3CH2CH 2CH2COSCoA

Pentanoyl-CoA

+
S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO
+
S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

4.1.2.5

27

CH3COCOO-

6.4.1.1

2.3.1.9

Acetoacetyl-CoA

Odd C Fatty acids

Histidinal

4.1.1.12

1.1.
1.

NAD
ATP
CO2

2.3.1.

HS

3-Sulphinyl
pyruvate

+
CH3CH(NH3)COO

2.6.1.2

1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
1.8.1.4

4.1.1.9

2.3.1.38

3-Oxoacyl-CoA

C
C

P-Ribulosylformimino
P-Ribosylformimino
5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazolecarboxamide-R P+
carboxamide-R P
+

HC

1.1.1.23

+
HO 2SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

Acetyl-ACP

3.1.2.11

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSCoA

H
C

OH OH
O

HN
H2 N C

O
C

3.5.4.1
O
C
CH
HN
OC N CH
RP

N RP

O
C

P
U
R
I
N
E
S

(GMP)

2.4

CH
CH
N H

CH

C-COO
N
RP

Formimino
glutamate

4.4.1.15

PYRUVATE
CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.3

H
C

HN

HO2SCH 2COCOO

CH3(CH2)n CH2CH2COSCoA

ACYL-CoA

H
C

3.5.4.19

OOC

HSO3-

4.4.1.15

Malonyl-Co-A

1.1.1.30

CH3COCH 2COO

Acetoacetate

3.1.1.28

P OCH 2

NH
CH

HISTIDINE

+
CH2CO-OCH2CH(NH 3)COO

CH3CHO

ATP

.1.2

O
C

OC

CH

GUANOSINE-P

2.4.

Uracil

HN

6.3.4.1
6.3.5.2

2.7.4.8

4.3.1.3

Acetylserine

3.7

KETONE BODIES

2.3.1.51

NH

+
CH2CH(NH 3)COO

CH2CH2NH2

2.7.1.40

2.3.1.39

R-CO-OCH

CH2OH

Diacyl
2.3.1.20 glycerol

1.30

Acetaldehyde

HOOCCH 2CO-S-ACP

Malonyl-ACP

2.3.1.41

3-P-Glycerol

CH2O-CO-R

CH2O-CO-R
R-CO-OCH

R-CO-OCH

Triacylglycerol

Acetoacetyl-ACP

Acetone 3-OH-Butyrate

CH2O-CO-R

3.1.1.3

2.7.1.30

2.3.

2.1.3.2

HS

CH2O P

1.3.1.2

CH
C-COO
NH

(XMP)

THYMIDINE-P

O
C

HN
OC

NH

HN
OC

4.9

O
C
HN
OC

2.7.

2.4.2.4

CH2
CH2

OC

Dihydrouracil

3.5.2.2

CH2

HISTAMINE

1.1
4.1.

ADP

CH3COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.8

HOCH

Glycerol

(Cytosol)

Carnitine
O-Acyl-carnitine

L
I
P
I
D

CH2OH

CH2OH
HOCH
CH2OH

FATTY ACID

3.1.2.20

1.1.1.100

7.6

Thymine

1.1.1.205 OC

TDP

N
C
C

XANTHOSINE-P
2.4.2.

1.17.4
.1

2.7.

N RP

O
C

2.4.2.1

GDP

CH

HN

Guanine

2.7.4.6

RP

N
C

(IMP)

6.3.4.4
3.1.4.6

.4.1

CH
N

INOSINE-P

Aspartate

3.5.4.3

d-GDP

4.6

O
C

O
C

HC

NH
N
C
C
CH
C
NH RP

Adenylosuccinate

1.17

1.3.1.2

CH-COO

2.4.2.15

d-CTP
GTP
TTP 2.7.

C CH3
CH
NH

HN
OC

P-Ribosyl-AMP

HC

4.1.1.22

2.3.1.41

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COS-ACP

R-CH2COO
CH3(CH2)n+2COS-CoA

CH2=C(OP ) COO

P-enolpyruvate

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.100

3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP

4.2.1.58

CH-CH3
CH 2
NH

O
C C
NH

3.5.4.10

4.3.2.2

d-GTP

7.6

NH
C
H

1.1.1.1

2.3.1.41
CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

4.2.1.59

2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP

CH3CH=CHCO.S-ACP
CH3CH2CH2COSACP

NHCOCH 2CH2NH2

Carnosine

ETHANOL

3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP

H2 N
HCO

C
A
T
E
C
H
O
L
A
M
I
N
E
S

Formylamidoimidazolecarboxamide-R P

2.4.2.1

N
HC

CH3CH 2OH

2.3.1.41

3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP

NH

OOC-CH-CH 2COO

O
C

NH2
N
+ C
C
N
CH
C
HC
N
N
RP(PP)

3.6.1.31

C CH 2CHCOO
NH
C
H

HC

1.2.1.4

3-Oxoacyl-ACP

60

CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCO-S-ACP

1.3.1.9

Hexanoyl-ACP

CH 3COO

2-P-Glycerate

CH 3(CH2)6COCH 2COSACP

4.2.1.

2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP
CH 3(CH2)2CH 2CH2COSACP

3-OH-Acyl-ACP
CH3(CH2)6CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

ACETATE
HOCH2CH(O P)COO

Mitochondrial
CH 3(CH2)n COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.100

H
C

P-Ribosyl-ATP

HOCH2CH(OH) COO

5.4.2.1

4.2.1.11

CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH 2COSACP
CH3(CH2)6CH2CH 2COSACP

CH 3(CH2)n CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

4.2.1.60
4.2.1.61

H
C

HC

POCH2CH(OP) COO

2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate

Endoplasmic Reticulum
CH 3(CH2)14COSCoA

Palmitoyl-CoA
CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOS-CoA

1.3.1.9
2,
1.3.1.10

P OCH2 C

OH OH
O

2.4.2.17

2.7.1.31

OH

Thromboxane B2
CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA

(UTP)

P-Hydroxypyruvate

CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA
CH3(CH2)14COS-ACP

Palmitoyl-ACP

B
I
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S

P
H
O
S
P
H
O
L
I
P
I
D
S

OH

HO

CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA

HO

RP

URIDINEDihydro
Orotate
Orotidine-P
Uridine-P
UDP
4.1.1.23 (UMP) 2.7.4.4
2.4.2.10
2.7.4.6 triphosphate
orotate 1.3.1.14

3.5.2.3

2.6.1.22

2.6.1.52
P OCH2COCOO

1.1.1.95

3-P-Glycerate

COO

Prostaglandin PGE 2

1.14.99.5
COSCoA

POCH2CHOH COO

OH

COO

Palmitoleoyl-ACP

Oleoyl-CoA

Leukotriene B4

5.3
1.1 .99
4.9 .3
9.1

HC

3.1.3.

1.1.1.29

ATP

COO

COO

-Linolenate

1.14.99.25

2.7.

Dihydro
thymine

O
C

2.1.2.3

Inosine

3.2.2.2

CH

Fumarate

2.7.7.7

O
C

HN
OC

3.5.2.2

HN
OC

Carbamoyl
aspartate

Phosphoserine

CH

H 2N

RP

N
C
C

Adenine

Carbamoyl
-alanine

-OOC
NH2 CH2
OC
CH-COO
N

O
C

HN

(AMP)

H2NCONHCH 2CH 2COO

3.5.1.6

-Alanine

Plant Pigments

N
C

H 2N

HN

2.7.7.7
2.7.
7.7
2.7.7.6

HN

H2NCH 2CH2COO

CH

5-Amino-4-imidazole 4.3.2.2 5-Aminoimidazole

(N-succinylcarboxamide)-R P
carboxamide-R P

ADENOSINE-P

.1.1

4.1.1.11

+
P OCH2CH(NH3)COO

2.7.2.3

CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE

Linoleate

2.1

4.2.1.22

3.1.3.3

Hydroxypyruvate

ADP

2.7.4.3
2.7.4.4

RNA

CH3

-Ureido
isobutyrate

3.5.1.6

O
C

6.3.2.6

NH2 N
C
C
CH
C
N RP(P)
N

N
HC

H2NCONHCH 2CHCOO

3-Aminoisobutyrate

SERINE

2.6.1.51
1.4.1.7
HOCH2COCOO

OH OH

CH
N

ADP

DNA

2.7.7.6

Tannins

LIGNIN

1.1.1.204
1.1.3.22
Hypoxanthine
1.1.3.22 Xanthine

URATE

CH3
H2NCH 2 CHCOO

HOCH2CH(NH3)COO

1:3-bis-P-Glycerate

OP O P

4.1.2.5

1.1.99.1

CHOLINE

P-Ribosyl-PP

ATP
4.2.1.2

+
HOCH2CH2N (CH3) 3

POCH 2CHOHCOO P

2.7.6.1

ATP

H+

Betaine
aldehyde

1.2.1.12

CH2OP
O

Fixation

ATP

H+

H+

5.3.
2.7.1.28

FOLIC
ACID
C1
POOL

2.1.2.1

H 2N

RP

O
C

1.17.4.1

7.7

2.7.

2.4.2.14

OH

THYROXINE
OOC-CH-CH 2COO
HNCO C N

HN

NH

d-ATP

1.2.1.8

6.3.4.7
Pi
NAD+

N
H

Coumarate

OH

N
C
CH
C
OC
NH
NH

CO

1.14.13.11
CH=CHCOO

NH

MELANIN

d-ADP

Betaine

Pi

1.1

C
C

OH

Tyramine

2.7.4.6

ATP

4.6.1.1

2.7.4.6

OHCCH 2N(CH3)3

1.2.1.13

CO2

H+

THYLAKOID LUMEN

THYLAKOID MEMBRANE

OH

Cyclic AMP
1.4.4.2

3-P-Glyceraldehyde
1

NH2

NH

OH OH

2.1.1.5

H+Protons from Water

N
CH2 O

1.7.3.3

O HC
O
O
N
-O P~O P~O P O CH
2 O
O
O
O

CH

HC

HN
OC

A
C
I
D
S

4.2.1.51

Cinnamate
Menaquinone

CH

H2 N

RP

1.
5.3.

C
C

A
M
I
N
O

Phenylpyruvate

CH=CHCOO

OOC

Allantoin

Dimethylglycine

4.1.2.13

Glyceraldehyde

Ribulose-1,5-bis-P

Pi

3.5.2.5

OOCCH2N(CH3)3

(Glycerone-P)

ADP

H+

H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
H+

Pi

H+
H+

H+
PC PC

NH

OOCCH 2N(CH3)2

C CO CH2OP

HOCH2COCH2OP
2.2.1.1

NADPH+H+

P700

PC

1.5.99.2

Sedoheptulose-PP

Dihydroxyacetone-P

H+
H+

OC

CH

NH
OC
CO
C
N H NH
H

H2 N

N
O

2.1
OOCCH 2NHCH3

2.2.1.1

NADP+

NH2

Sarcosine

Glyoxylate

OH OH OH H

D-Ribose-5-P

C
N H
H

Allantoate

.1.4
2.6 10
0
1.
.2
1.4.
.1

NH2

P-Ribosyl
amine

1.14.18.1

HC
C

RP

NH2
CO

COO

OC

OH OH

POCH 2 C

H 2N

Urea
CH2(NH3)COOH

CH2OP
O

Fructose1:6-bis-P

2.2.1.2

H 2N

CH2COCOO

2.6.1.5
4.3.1.
5

CH2CH2NH2

1.25

CH2CH(NH3) COO

6.3.5.3
6.3.3.1
Formyl
Formyl
5-Amino 4.1.1.21 5-Amino-4-imidazole
carboxylate-R P
glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R P
imidazole-R P
H2NCONH 2

CO CH2OP

NH

RP

2.1.2.2

6.3.4.13

OH OH H
CO CH 2OH

OH H

D-Xylulose-5-P

NH

CHO

HN C

3.5.3.4
POCH 2

5.3.1.6

H 2C

CHO

Prephenate

Ubiquinone
O

NH

Erythrose-4-P

5.1.3.1

CHO

Dopaquinone
Plastoquinone

2-Amino
muconate

CH 2COCOO

OH

5.4.99.5

PHENYLALANINE
4.1.

HN

(Vitamin E)

OCH 3

NH
OC

OH OH

OOC

4.1.3.27

A
R
O
M
A
T
I
C

1.3.1.13
1.14.16.1

TYROSINE

1.14.16.2

H2
C
CH-COO
+
NH3

OH

NHCOCH 2NH2

Glycinamideribosyl-P

ATP
ADP

-Tocopherol

CHOHCH 2OH

4-OH-3-Methoxyphenylglycol

2.7.1.11

3.1.3.11

C CHO

Anthranilate

CH2CH(NH3) COO

Dopa

NH 2

OOC
OOC

OC-COO

OH

Chorismate

1.3.1.13

OH

4.1.1.28

Dopamine

1.14.18.1

(Normetadrenaline)

H 2C

Fructose-6-P
H

POCH 2 C

OH

1.14.17.1

1.6

NH2

CH2

CH2CH(NH3) COOOH

1.14.12.1

COO

CH2CH(NH3) COO

OH

2.6.1.5

Hydroxyphenyl
pyruvate

1.2.1.32

COO

2.4.2.18

N-(5-P-Ribosyl)
anthranilate

O-C-COO

OH

Shikimate-5 4.6.1.4
enolpyruvate 3-P

(Noradrenaline)

OCH 3
OH

3.4
1.4.

CO CH2OH

OH OH H

NADPH

H+

H+

O2

CO CH2OH

H+

Translocated protons
H+

H+

.1.1

nt)

H+

4H+

H2 O

POCH2 C

P O

2.5.1.19

1.3.1.13

2.1.

Normetepinephrine
OCH 3
OH

CH2OP
O

OH OH

3
3

2e-

H
C

OH OH

5.1.3.4

Chl.A0

Fe-S 2e- Cyt.f

POCH2

HO

OH

1.13.11.27

OH

Norepinephrine

4-OH-3-MethoxyD-mandelate

2.7.1.17

2
2

2e-

2.2.1.1

OH OH OH

._

2PQ

1.1.1.44

2.1.1.28

CHOHCH 2NH2

CH(OH)COO
OH

OH

COO

OH

OH

Shikimate-3-P
PEP

CH2CH2NH2

OH

OH

5.3.1.9

CH CH2OP

OH OH

4.1.1.48

COO

P O

2.7.1.71

CH2COO
OH

CHOHCH 2NH2
OH

(Adrenaline)

Glucose-6-P

NADP +

CH2OP

NH

1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino)
1-deoxyribulose-5-P

OH
OH

Shikimate

CH2COCOO

O
CH2COO

COO

Epinephrine

HO OH

HO

1.1.1.25

OCH
NH2
COO

OCH
NH2
COO

COO

OH
OH

Dehydroshikimate

OH

OH

CH2 OP
O

NADP +

C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2 OP
CH

COO

4.2.1.10

COO

Quinolinate

COO

NH2

OH

ADP

5.3.1.8

CHOHCH 2NHCH 3

2.7.1.2
2.7.1.1

1.1.1.49

OH

N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin

CH2
OH

Dehydroquinate

Fumaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate

acetoacetate
acetoacetate

ATP

3.1.3.9

2.6.1.16

P-Glucono
lactone

1.17

3.1.

C COO -

D-Ribose

2PQH2

2e-

CH2OH

CH2OH

A1

2e-

Mn

OH H

2.7
CO

5.4.2.2

2.4.2.19
COO

NH

2.1.1.4

4.1.1.45
3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-Amino-3-carboxy
2-Aminomuconateanthranilate
muconate semialdehyde
6-semialdehyde
COO
H H
Catechol

3.7.1.3

COO
HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP
CH
N

Quinolinatenucleotide

2.4.2.19
CH 2CH2NHCOCH 3

CH3O

COO

NH2

OH

Indole-3-glycerol-P

COO

OH
O

4.6.1.3

O
CH2COO

-OOC
OH

GLUCOSE

5.1.3.1

OH
C

Fe-S

Cyt bf

Pheophytin
P680
Chl.a

CH2OH
O

HO OH

4.2.1.20

TRYPTOPHAN
HO

OH

POCH 2CHOHCHO

PQ

1e-

CO CH OH
2

*
2e-

1e-

CO

Tryptamine

HOCH HCOH
C

HO OH

.1.4

D-Ribulose-5-P

Ferredoxin

PQ

PQH2
PQH2

PHOTO- H+

H+

2e-

2.7

otophosphoryla SYSTEM
lic
n-cyc electr
tion l
No (electric curre on fl

2H+ yclic Ph
C
2H+

QB
QA

H+

H+

HOCH 2 C

H
HOCH 2 C

OH

4.1.1.28

3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-P

NH2

OH OH H OH
6-P-Gluconate NADPH

Ribitol

OH H

PQ

OH

OH OH OH

CHO

D-Xylulose

2e-

OH

+
CH2CH(NH 3)COO

COO
OC
P OCH 2 CH2

OPPU

OH

+
COCH2CH(NH 3)COO

+
CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO
NH2

+
COO
N RP

Nicotinatenucleotide

(MELATONIN)

1.13.11.11

NH

NH

NH

COO

COO

11
2.4.2.

Ribose- P

2.7.7.18

CH2CH2NHCOCH 3

NH

Kynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy

kynurenine

3.5.1.9

Formylkynurenine

CH2CH 2NH2

OH

3.2.1.48

CH2OP
O

C CH2OH

2.7.1.3

OH

OH OH

1.1.1.
9

CO

HOCH 2

OH H

D-Xylose

CO CH2OH

OH H

OH OH H

L-Ribulose 2.7.1.16 L-Ribulose-5-P

H+

CO

2.7.1.47

L-Xylulose-5-P

2.7.1.47

H
C

OH OH H

Fructose-1-P

HOCH 2 C C
OH H

CH 2OH

OH

Sorbitol

OH

UDP-Galactose

Glucosamine-6-P
3.2.1.26

SUCROSE

HOCH 2 C

POCH2

HOCH2

2.4.1.22

OH

1.1.1.14

1.10.2.1
1.10.3.3

CO CH 2OH

D-Ribulose

OH OH

PHOTOSYSTEM
II

HO OH

2.3.1.4
5.3.1.8

CH2OH

5.5.1.4

CO

H
C

CH 2OH

OH

H
C

Xylitol

.1.4

L-Lyxose

P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S

CO

HO
5.1.3.2
2.7.7.10

2.7.7.12

OP

Glucose-1-P

1
1.1.1.2

OH H

OH H

1.1.1.10

5.3

OH OH

L-Xylulose

OH

Dehydroascorbate

H
HOCH 2 C

OH H

CHO

OH OH H

HOCH 2 C

CO COO -

CO

OH

OH

OH OH H

OH H

D-Arabinose

L-Arabitol
HOCH 2

OH OH
C

OH H

2, 3-Dioxogulonate

HOCH 2 C

1.1.1.130

HOCH 2

4.1.1.34

L-Xylose

OH H

ASCORBATE

OH H

C COO-

CO

OH

OH H

Inositol-P

C
H

OH

3-Dehydrogulonate
HOCH 2

Fructose

OH

3.1.3.25

Inositol

P
E
N
T
O
S
E
S

HOCH 2

OP

OH

Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone

OH H

OH

HO OH

HO OH

OH
OH

1.1.1.19

OH H

OH

OH

HO OH

OP

HO

OH OH H

COO -

Gulonate

2.4.1.9

NHCOCH 3

2.7.7.23
O

OH H

2.7.7.9

HO OH

CH 2OP
O

2.4.1.13

N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-P

N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-P

UDP-N-Ac-Glucosamine

5.1.3.14

COO

HOCH 2

OH

HO

(SEROTONIN)

+
CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO
CHO
NH

4.1.99.1

NH

Indolepyruvate

CH 2OH
O

CH 2OH
O

2.7.7.24

Mannose-6-P

HO OH

NHCOCH 3 5.4.2.3

2.7.7.27
2.7.7.34

Desamino-NAD

CH 2CH2NH 2

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5 N-Acetyl-serotonin

4.1.1.28

5-Hydroxytryptophan

1.14.16.4

CH 2COCOO

OH

UDP-Glucose
Galactose-P

HO OH HO OH

CH2OP
O

HO OH

OPPU

TDP-Glucose

CH 2OP
O

UDP-Glucuronate

4.1.3.20

HO OH

1.1.1.2

Mannose-1-P

2.7.1.60

H
E
X
O
S
E
S

4.2.1.46

2.7.1.7

HO OH HO O P

5.1.3.7

HO

GDP-Glucose

MANNOSE

2.7.7.13

HO

OPPU

NH

NH

Indole

4.1.1.43

CH2OH
O

2.7.1.6

HO OH
HO OH HO OH

CH2OH
O

OH

OH
OH

GALACTOSE

CH2OH
O
OH

ADPGlucose

OH

TDP-4-Oxo6-deoxyglucose

CH2OH
O

GDP-Mannose
OPPU

CH2CHO

Indoleacetaldehyde

3.2.1.23
2.7.1.38

HO

NICOTINATE

+
N

Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine

6.3.5.1
6.3.1.5

+
CH2CH(NH3)COO

HO

NH

OH
OPPT

OH

2.4.1.33

HO OH HO OPPG

O
OH

COO

NAD( +P)

1.2.3.7

OH

CH2OH
O

2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO
etc.
2.4.1.21

Ribose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)

NH

Indoxyl

(Auxin)

LACTOSE
2.4.1.21

5.1.3.13 O

4.2.1.47
COO HO

NHCOCH 3

HO

CH3

CH2OH
O

5.1.3.12

OPPU

OH

1.1.1.158

3.1.3.29

TDP-Rhamnose

GDPMannuronate

COO

OH

NH

Indoleacetate
OH

OH
OH

2.4.1.29

OH OH

HO OPPG

CH2OH
O
O

OPPT

OH

2.4.1.16

COO
OH 2.7.7.43

CH2COO
CH2OH
O

HO
OH

HO

GLYCOGEN

HO CH3

CH3

OH

UDP-N-Ac-Muramate

O
CHOH
CHOH
CH2OH

OPPU

OH

UDPIduronate

COO-

HO

AcNH

HO

1.1.1.132

2.4.1.68
2.4.1.69

.5

.5

AcNH

CHOH
CHOH

CONH 2

BLOOD GROUP ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS

HYALURONIC ACID
DERMATAN
STARCH
SUBSTANCES
PEPTIDOCHONDROITIN
PECTIN
INULIN
CELLULOSE
GLYCAN CH OHCHITIN

GLYCOPROTEINS
GANGLIOSIDES
MUCINS

9
.1
.1
1.4

P
O
L
Y
S
A
C
C
H
A
R
I
D
E
S

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