The major objective of this study was to provide a better understanding on compression perpendicu... more The major objective of this study was to provide a better understanding on compression perpendicular-to-grain behaviour of wood and to examine the capability of mechanical models for predicting this behaviour. A new test procedure for testing wood behaviour in compression was developed which enabled the collection of load-deformation data and recording of cellular structure images in real time. To understand
Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with ... more Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with polypropylene (MAPP, 3 and 5 wt%) on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour nanocomposite was investigated. For manufacturing of these ...
In this study, wastes of wood cutting mills (wood flour) as well as wastes of textile industry (g... more In this study, wastes of wood cutting mills (wood flour) as well as wastes of textile industry (granules of polypropylene) were used in manufacturing wood-plastic composites. Hence, wood flour with weight percent of 30, 35 and 40 was mixed with corresponding amount of polypropylene and coupling agent, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride in amount of 6 percent was used in whole compounds. Production was done by batch method and with employment of hot press and after preparation and cutting of specimens physical and mechanical properties of them was studied. The results showed that with increase of wood flour up to 35 percent, MOR, MOE, water absorption and thickness swelling increases but further than it mechanical and physical properties decreases. Besides, increase of wood flour up to 40 percent increased the hardness of the specimens.
Taylor & Francis - Wood Material Science and Engineering
This study investigated the effects of organoclay platelet contents (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and polyprop... more This study investigated the effects of organoclay platelet contents (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and polypropylene type (virgin and recycled) on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites. Composite samples were made by melt compounding and consequent injection moulding. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of resultant composites were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of composites with 3 and 5% nanoclay content was also conducted. The results indicated that tensile and flexural properties of the composites increased with the addition of nanoclay particles up to 3 wt% and decreased thereafter. The impact strength of the composites, however, decreased with the incorporation of nanoclay. The mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene-based nanocomposites were statistically comparable with those based on virgin polypropylene. XRD analysis revealed that the degree of intercalation in the nanocomposites containing 3% nanoclay was higher than in those containing 5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that recycled polypropylene could be used instead of virgin polypropylene in the production of value-added products with no significant adverse effects on the mechanical properties.
In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) m... more In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia wood was investigated. Organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) at four levels (0, 1, 3 and 5 %) was added to urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of paulownia wood (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin and ash contents, pH value and hot and cold water solubility), mechanical [modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, screw and nail withdrawal strengths], physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties and formaldehyde emission of the strand boards were evaluated. Mechanical properties of all panels complied with the general-purpose OSB minimum property requirements of European Norm. With increasing 5 % nanoclay to UF resin, mechanical and physical properties of the resulting panels improved and formaldehyde emission decreased. However, none of the panels satisfied the thickness swelling and water absorption requirement. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the good dispersion of nanoclay in the resulting OSBs. Using paulownia as a fastgrowing underutilized species not only can sustain the forests but also can supply raw material to countries facing shortage of wood.
SAGE - Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
with and without nanoclay wood flour composites − Morphology, dimensional stability and mechanica... more with and without nanoclay wood flour composites − Morphology, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polypropylene Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com can be found at:
In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manu... more In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manufacturing was investigated. Particleboards containing different walnut shell particle ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%) were made using urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of walnut shell (holocellulose, a cellulose, lignin and ash contents, alcohol-benzene solubility, 1% NaOH solubility, hot and cold water solubility), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of the particleboard were determined. The addition of walnut shell particles greatly improved the water resistance of the panels. However, flexural properties and internal bond strength decreased with increasing walnut shell particle content. The results indicated that panels can be manufactured utilizing walnut shell particles up to 20% without falling below the minimum EN Standard requirements of mechanical properties for general purpose use. Conclusively, walnut shell, an annual residue, could be utilized with mixture of wood particles in the manufacture of particleboard used for outdoor environments due to lower thickness swelling and water absorption.
Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with ... more Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with polypropylene (MAPP, 3 and 5 wt%) on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour nanocomposite was investigated. For manufacturing of these ...
The objective of this study was to investigate some mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of el... more The objective of this study was to investigate some mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) and physical (thickness swelling and water absorption) properties of woodbased three-layer particleboard containing different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalks and underutilized paulownia (paulownia fortunie) wood particle ratios (30, 50 and 70%) using urea formaldehyde resin. Addition of cotton stalk and paulownia wood in particleboard improved mechanical properties of resulting composites boards significantly. However, the water resistance decreased with increasing cotton stalk and paulownia wood particle contents. The highest mechanical properties were obtained at cotton stalk and paulownia wood particle loading of 50 and 70%, respectively. Conclusively, valuable underutilized natural resources, cotton stalk and paulownia wood can be used with the mixture of industrial wood particles in the production of particleboards with high mechanical properties.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016
The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (S... more The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications.
DESCRIPTION This Work has been done in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Central r... more DESCRIPTION This Work has been done in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Central region of IRAN (ABRICI).
The major objective of this study was to provide a better understanding on compression perpendicu... more The major objective of this study was to provide a better understanding on compression perpendicular-to-grain behaviour of wood and to examine the capability of mechanical models for predicting this behaviour. A new test procedure for testing wood behaviour in compression was developed which enabled the collection of load-deformation data and recording of cellular structure images in real time. To understand
Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with ... more Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with polypropylene (MAPP, 3 and 5 wt%) on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour nanocomposite was investigated. For manufacturing of these ...
In this study, wastes of wood cutting mills (wood flour) as well as wastes of textile industry (g... more In this study, wastes of wood cutting mills (wood flour) as well as wastes of textile industry (granules of polypropylene) were used in manufacturing wood-plastic composites. Hence, wood flour with weight percent of 30, 35 and 40 was mixed with corresponding amount of polypropylene and coupling agent, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride in amount of 6 percent was used in whole compounds. Production was done by batch method and with employment of hot press and after preparation and cutting of specimens physical and mechanical properties of them was studied. The results showed that with increase of wood flour up to 35 percent, MOR, MOE, water absorption and thickness swelling increases but further than it mechanical and physical properties decreases. Besides, increase of wood flour up to 40 percent increased the hardness of the specimens.
Taylor & Francis - Wood Material Science and Engineering
This study investigated the effects of organoclay platelet contents (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and polyprop... more This study investigated the effects of organoclay platelet contents (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and polypropylene type (virgin and recycled) on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites. Composite samples were made by melt compounding and consequent injection moulding. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of resultant composites were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of composites with 3 and 5% nanoclay content was also conducted. The results indicated that tensile and flexural properties of the composites increased with the addition of nanoclay particles up to 3 wt% and decreased thereafter. The impact strength of the composites, however, decreased with the incorporation of nanoclay. The mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene-based nanocomposites were statistically comparable with those based on virgin polypropylene. XRD analysis revealed that the degree of intercalation in the nanocomposites containing 3% nanoclay was higher than in those containing 5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that recycled polypropylene could be used instead of virgin polypropylene in the production of value-added products with no significant adverse effects on the mechanical properties.
In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) m... more In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia wood was investigated. Organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) at four levels (0, 1, 3 and 5 %) was added to urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of paulownia wood (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin and ash contents, pH value and hot and cold water solubility), mechanical [modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, screw and nail withdrawal strengths], physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties and formaldehyde emission of the strand boards were evaluated. Mechanical properties of all panels complied with the general-purpose OSB minimum property requirements of European Norm. With increasing 5 % nanoclay to UF resin, mechanical and physical properties of the resulting panels improved and formaldehyde emission decreased. However, none of the panels satisfied the thickness swelling and water absorption requirement. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the good dispersion of nanoclay in the resulting OSBs. Using paulownia as a fastgrowing underutilized species not only can sustain the forests but also can supply raw material to countries facing shortage of wood.
SAGE - Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
with and without nanoclay wood flour composites − Morphology, dimensional stability and mechanica... more with and without nanoclay wood flour composites − Morphology, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polypropylene Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com can be found at:
In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manu... more In this study, the suitability of walnut shell as a renewable agricultural residue for panel manufacturing was investigated. Particleboards containing different walnut shell particle ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%) were made using urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of walnut shell (holocellulose, a cellulose, lignin and ash contents, alcohol-benzene solubility, 1% NaOH solubility, hot and cold water solubility), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of the particleboard were determined. The addition of walnut shell particles greatly improved the water resistance of the panels. However, flexural properties and internal bond strength decreased with increasing walnut shell particle content. The results indicated that panels can be manufactured utilizing walnut shell particles up to 20% without falling below the minimum EN Standard requirements of mechanical properties for general purpose use. Conclusively, walnut shell, an annual residue, could be utilized with mixture of wood particles in the manufacture of particleboard used for outdoor environments due to lower thickness swelling and water absorption.
Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with ... more Abstract In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and grafted anhydride maleic with polypropylene (MAPP, 3 and 5 wt%) on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour nanocomposite was investigated. For manufacturing of these ...
The objective of this study was to investigate some mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of el... more The objective of this study was to investigate some mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) and physical (thickness swelling and water absorption) properties of woodbased three-layer particleboard containing different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalks and underutilized paulownia (paulownia fortunie) wood particle ratios (30, 50 and 70%) using urea formaldehyde resin. Addition of cotton stalk and paulownia wood in particleboard improved mechanical properties of resulting composites boards significantly. However, the water resistance decreased with increasing cotton stalk and paulownia wood particle contents. The highest mechanical properties were obtained at cotton stalk and paulownia wood particle loading of 50 and 70%, respectively. Conclusively, valuable underutilized natural resources, cotton stalk and paulownia wood can be used with the mixture of industrial wood particles in the production of particleboards with high mechanical properties.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016
The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (S... more The aim of this paper was to prepare composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) filled with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles to evaluate the influence of the SiO2 contents (3, 5 and 7wt%) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composites. BC hydro-gel was immersed in an aqueous solution of silanol derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silanol was then converted into SiO2 in the BC matrix by pressing at 120°C and 2MPa. The BC/SiO2 translucent sheets were examined by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The temperature dependence of the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta was determined by DMA. In general, the results revealed that the increment of storage modulus and thermal stability increased concomitantly with the augmentation of SiO2 content. Therefore, it could be concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by using high amounts of nano silica. This would be a high aspect ratio of BC capable of connecting the BC matrix and SiO2, thereby enhancing a large contact surface and resulting in excellent coherence. A decrease of the storage modulus was consistent with increasing temperature, resulting from softening of the composites. The storage modulus of the composites increased in the order: BC/S7>BC/S5>BC/S3, while the loss modulus and tan delta decreased. On the other hand, the thermal stabilities of all BC/SiO2 composites were remarkably enhanced as compared to the pristine BC. TGA curves showed that the temperature of decomposition of the pure BC gradually shifted from about 260°C to about 370°C as silica content increased. SEM observations illustrated that the nano-scale SiO2 was embedded between the voids and nano-fibrils of the BC matrix. Overall, the results indicated that the successful synthesis and superior properties of BC/SiO2 advocate its effectiveness for various applications.
DESCRIPTION This Work has been done in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Central r... more DESCRIPTION This Work has been done in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Central region of IRAN (ABRICI).
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