Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2012
ABSTRACT Electron beam crosslinking of polymeric material is an attractive mean nowadays for deve... more ABSTRACT Electron beam crosslinking of polymeric material is an attractive mean nowadays for developing high-performance material. But recycling of polymer is becoming a problem due to high degree of strong crosslinked network formation. Our goal was to develop polymer-based materials, where the desired properties were improved by a satisfactory degree, partially by nanoscale filler (nanoclay) incorporation, and partially by low degree of electron beam crosslinking maintaining the material’s processability, crystallinity, and recyclability. Clay particles were dispersed into nanoscale in elastomeric poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) phase. These ‘poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) embedded nanoclay’ based nanobuilding blocks were dispersed into low-density polyethylene to form organic–inorganic nanohybrid (nanocomposite) followed by high-energy electron beam crosslinking of polymeric phases to improve the interested properties in a greater extent. The increase of the interlayer distance (‘d’ values) in X-ray diffraction (wide angle X-ray diffraction) confirmed nanocomposite formation. From thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing it was noticed that thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the materials were improved by nanoclay incorporation as well as by electron beam crosslinking. Nanoclay incorporation increased the properties but up to a certain clay loading, above which polymer degraded in presence of clay. Due to combined effect of clay dispersion and low degree of electron beam crosslinking, properties of the materials were improved satisfactorily leaving a potential of the material to be recycled properly. Design flexibility is also increased due to less amount of crosslink incorporation.
ABSTRACT Synergistic effect of MWNT induced reinforcement and high energy radiation induced cross... more ABSTRACT Synergistic effect of MWNT induced reinforcement and high energy radiation induced crosslinking on the physico-mechanical and thermal characteristics of polychloroprene rubber (PCR)/ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/MWNT elastomeric nanocomposites was investigated. The extent of reinforcement, as assessed using the Kraus equation suggested high reinforcement of the blend on MWNT addition; though, the thermal stability and glass transition of the PCR and EPDM components were not significantly affected by MWNTs. The elastic modulus increased with the radiation dose as well as with the increase in MWNT content. The reinforcing mechanism of the nano-composites was studied by various micromechanics models all of which predicted higher moduli than the experimentally observed results, indicating agglomeration in the nano-composites. Nevertheless, in all the composites synergistic effect of radiation crosslinking and MWNT induced reinforcement were seen, suggesting radiation induced crosslinking between polymer and MWNT interface.
High energy gamma radiation has been used to synthesize linear poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium ... more High energy gamma radiation has been used to synthesize linear poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) (PVBT) as well as crosslinked PVBT gels. Complexation behaviour of linear and crosslinked PVBT with K 2 S 2 O 8 , K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] have been studied by viscometry, turbidity and equilibrium swelling measurements. The stoichiometry of the complex formed was found to be a function of charge on the anions of complexing species. Crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) gels were found to desorb some of the embedded water when swollen gels were placed in these salt solutions. Existence of strong ionic interactions between polymer chains and complexing salts was confirmed by changes in equilibrium swelling of complexed crosslinked matrices as well as in the stoichiometry of linear PVBT complexes in presence of strong electrolytes like NaCl.
Radiation induced crosslinking of poly(vinyl methylether) (PVME) has been investigated in aqueous... more Radiation induced crosslinking of poly(vinyl methylether) (PVME) has been investigated in aqueous solutions. The spectral and kinetic features of the transients involved in the crosslinking reaction have been studied by pulse radiolysis of dilute PVME solutions. H atoms reacts with PVME, like OH radicals, by abstracting an H atom predominantly from β-position with respect to OCH 3 group, but the rate of reaction of H atom is an order of magnitude slower than that of OH reaction. The PVME radicals formed by H attack have been found to decay by usual 2nd-order kinetics unlike PVME radicals produced by OH attack that are reported to decay by a complex time-dependent kinetics that deviates strongly from 2nd-order kinetics. The rate constant of e-aq with PVME at pH 5.5 has been found to be 1.2×10 8 dm 3 mol -1 s -1. From the decay behaviour of the transient species formed by reaction of e-aq with PVME, it has been shown that the transient initially reacts with solvent protons by a fast reaction to yield radical species which subsequently recombine by a slow mode. The dependence of gelation dose and radiation yields of crosslinking (Gx) of PVME on various factors such as polymer concentration, dose rate, pH, presence of oxygen and crosslinking agent has also been studied by steady-state radiolysis using an electron-beam accelerator.
... Guhu SN, Moorthy PN, Kishore K., Naik DB and Rao KN (1987) Oneelectron reduction of thionine ... more ... Guhu SN, Moorthy PN, Kishore K., Naik DB and Rao KN (1987) Oneelectron reduction of thionine studied by pulse radiolysis. Proc. ... Guhu et al., 1987. SN Guhu, PN Moorthy, K. Kishore, DB Naik and KN Rao , One-electron reduction of thionine studied by pulse radiolysis. Proc. ...
Radiation induced effects on poly (p-sodium styrene sulphonate) (PSSS) of two molecular weights, ... more Radiation induced effects on poly (p-sodium styrene sulphonate) (PSSS) of two molecular weights, namely 10 6 and 70,000 in aqueous solution have been investigated by steady state and pulse radiolysis (PR) techniques. The reactions of primary radicals of water radiolysis such as OH radical, e aq À , H atom, some oxidizing radicals like N 3 , Cl À 2 and SO À 4 and reducing species like CO À 2 with PSSS have been investigated. The results indicate that the reactivity of these species towards PSSS is a function of molecular weight of PSSS. The absorption spectra of transient species produced when dilute aqueous solutions of PSSS of different molecular weights are subjected to pulse radiolysis have been compared. Rate constants for the reaction of OH radical and H atom with PSSS have been evaluated both by competition kinetics method and by direct observation of build up of transient species. The results indicate that OH radical and H atom react with PSSS in different ways. Near neutral pH, the OH radical reacts with substituted pendant aromatic ring of the PSSS to form an adduct, with a rate constant of 5.5 Â 10 8 and 1.1 Â 10 9 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 for PSSS of molecular weights 10 6 and 70,000, respectively. H atom on the other hand abstracts H atom from the PSSS backbone as well as forms an adduct by reacting with aromatic ring. The rate constant values for reaction of aqueous electron with PSSS were found to be 5 Â 10 7 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 (M w =10 6 ) and 2.2 Â 10 8 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 (M w ¼ 70; 000). The anion formed did not transfer electron to methyl viologen in the pH range of 6-10.5. The viscosity of the aqueous PSSS solution decreases with irradiation, up to doses of 1000 kGy indicating degradation of PSSS in this dose range. The PSSS of higher molecular weight is more prone to degradation. The chain scission is a function of dose rate, concentration of polymer and ambient of irradiation. At doses beyond $2500 kGy there is a sharp increase in viscosity of the PSSS solutions till the solutions set to a soft, sticky gel mass. The gelation dose (D gel ) is a function of molecular weight of the polymer and initial polymer concentration. In the presence of crosslinking agent like N,N-methylene bis acrylamide, the gelation was faster for PSSS of higher molecular weight. Gelation was most efficient for 20% (w/w) polymer concentration. #
This paper reports the results of thermogravimetric studies on:(a) Polyamide-6, 6 (abbreviated he... more This paper reports the results of thermogravimetric studies on:(a) Polyamide-6, 6 (abbreviated henceforth as PA66) specimens which were modified by electron beam radiation in air,(b) organicinorganic hybrid nanocomposite films of PA66/silica prepared ...
The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPD... more The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) rubber and unmodified natural rubber (NR) was investigated by a 180° peel test. Surface modification of EPDM vulcanizate was carried out by two different techniques: (a) irradiation of the surface by gamma radiation in the presence and absence of trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a sensitizer and (b) chemical treatment of the surface with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The modified EPDM surface was thoroughly characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray sulfur mapping (EDX), surface energy measurements, and free sulfur and gel content analysis. The joint between the modified vulcanized EPDM and the unmodified unvulcanized NR was prepared by a co-curing method. The adhesion strength between these two surfaces was found to depend on the nature of oxidation, roughness of the joining surfaces, and extent of blooming of sulfur on the modified surface. Surface modification of EPDM sample with 1 kGy of gamma irradiation in the presence of 10 wt% TMPTA resulted in a good increase in the adhesion strength between EPDM and NR (∼76% improvement over the untreated sample). On the other hand, for the trichloroisocyanuric acid modified sample, maximum improvement of adhesion strength was observed at 0.5 wt% of TCICA (∼29% improvement in comparison with the untreated sample).
The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPD... more The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) rubber and unmodified natural rubber (NR) was investigated by a 180° peel test. Surface modification of EPDM vulcanizate was carried out by two different techniques: (a) ...
In type II theories compactified on Calabi-Yau manifolds the moduli fields are accompanied by (Ra... more In type II theories compactified on Calabi-Yau manifolds the moduli fields are accompanied by (Ramond-Ramond) scalar superpartners. N = 2 space-time supersymmetry requires the lowenergy effective mutual interaction of these excitations be described by a quaternionic o-model in target space. In this paper we explicitly construct these manifolds from the restricted KNaler geometry of the moduli space of arbitrary (2, 2) superconformal systems.
First time in India, a study was aimed to establish a base- line data for electron beam
radiation... more First time in India, a study was aimed to establish a base- line data for electron beam radiation dose level needed to disinfect and also improve the water quality of sewage water for possible reuse in irrigation, industries as well as a few domestic purposes. Raw and secondary treated sewage water samples, which were rich with microorganisms from Navi Mumbai municipal sewage plant were irradiated with electron beam accelerator at doses of 0.45, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 10.5 kGy. Electron Beam irradiation treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogenic load. Electron Beam (EB) dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms whereas Cryptococcus laurentii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Absidia sp. were killed by10.0 kGy and no larvae of helminthes (Ascaris lumbricoides) were recovered at the dose ≥ 1.5 kGy. The experimental findings obtained highlighted the potential of this technology for disinfection of wastewater.
The use of electron beam to disinfect sewage water is gaining importance. The current problem on
... more The use of electron beam to disinfect sewage water is gaining importance. The current problem on environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In general, sewage water comprises of heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB (electron beam) treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms. The experimental results elucidated that the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) (30.38 and 51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) both sewage samples with respect to increasing of irradiation doses (0.45 to 6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation or in industry sector for cooling purpose or in both the sectors.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2012
ABSTRACT Electron beam crosslinking of polymeric material is an attractive mean nowadays for deve... more ABSTRACT Electron beam crosslinking of polymeric material is an attractive mean nowadays for developing high-performance material. But recycling of polymer is becoming a problem due to high degree of strong crosslinked network formation. Our goal was to develop polymer-based materials, where the desired properties were improved by a satisfactory degree, partially by nanoscale filler (nanoclay) incorporation, and partially by low degree of electron beam crosslinking maintaining the material’s processability, crystallinity, and recyclability. Clay particles were dispersed into nanoscale in elastomeric poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) phase. These ‘poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) embedded nanoclay’ based nanobuilding blocks were dispersed into low-density polyethylene to form organic–inorganic nanohybrid (nanocomposite) followed by high-energy electron beam crosslinking of polymeric phases to improve the interested properties in a greater extent. The increase of the interlayer distance (‘d’ values) in X-ray diffraction (wide angle X-ray diffraction) confirmed nanocomposite formation. From thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing it was noticed that thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the materials were improved by nanoclay incorporation as well as by electron beam crosslinking. Nanoclay incorporation increased the properties but up to a certain clay loading, above which polymer degraded in presence of clay. Due to combined effect of clay dispersion and low degree of electron beam crosslinking, properties of the materials were improved satisfactorily leaving a potential of the material to be recycled properly. Design flexibility is also increased due to less amount of crosslink incorporation.
ABSTRACT Synergistic effect of MWNT induced reinforcement and high energy radiation induced cross... more ABSTRACT Synergistic effect of MWNT induced reinforcement and high energy radiation induced crosslinking on the physico-mechanical and thermal characteristics of polychloroprene rubber (PCR)/ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/MWNT elastomeric nanocomposites was investigated. The extent of reinforcement, as assessed using the Kraus equation suggested high reinforcement of the blend on MWNT addition; though, the thermal stability and glass transition of the PCR and EPDM components were not significantly affected by MWNTs. The elastic modulus increased with the radiation dose as well as with the increase in MWNT content. The reinforcing mechanism of the nano-composites was studied by various micromechanics models all of which predicted higher moduli than the experimentally observed results, indicating agglomeration in the nano-composites. Nevertheless, in all the composites synergistic effect of radiation crosslinking and MWNT induced reinforcement were seen, suggesting radiation induced crosslinking between polymer and MWNT interface.
High energy gamma radiation has been used to synthesize linear poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium ... more High energy gamma radiation has been used to synthesize linear poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) (PVBT) as well as crosslinked PVBT gels. Complexation behaviour of linear and crosslinked PVBT with K 2 S 2 O 8 , K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] have been studied by viscometry, turbidity and equilibrium swelling measurements. The stoichiometry of the complex formed was found to be a function of charge on the anions of complexing species. Crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) gels were found to desorb some of the embedded water when swollen gels were placed in these salt solutions. Existence of strong ionic interactions between polymer chains and complexing salts was confirmed by changes in equilibrium swelling of complexed crosslinked matrices as well as in the stoichiometry of linear PVBT complexes in presence of strong electrolytes like NaCl.
Radiation induced crosslinking of poly(vinyl methylether) (PVME) has been investigated in aqueous... more Radiation induced crosslinking of poly(vinyl methylether) (PVME) has been investigated in aqueous solutions. The spectral and kinetic features of the transients involved in the crosslinking reaction have been studied by pulse radiolysis of dilute PVME solutions. H atoms reacts with PVME, like OH radicals, by abstracting an H atom predominantly from β-position with respect to OCH 3 group, but the rate of reaction of H atom is an order of magnitude slower than that of OH reaction. The PVME radicals formed by H attack have been found to decay by usual 2nd-order kinetics unlike PVME radicals produced by OH attack that are reported to decay by a complex time-dependent kinetics that deviates strongly from 2nd-order kinetics. The rate constant of e-aq with PVME at pH 5.5 has been found to be 1.2×10 8 dm 3 mol -1 s -1. From the decay behaviour of the transient species formed by reaction of e-aq with PVME, it has been shown that the transient initially reacts with solvent protons by a fast reaction to yield radical species which subsequently recombine by a slow mode. The dependence of gelation dose and radiation yields of crosslinking (Gx) of PVME on various factors such as polymer concentration, dose rate, pH, presence of oxygen and crosslinking agent has also been studied by steady-state radiolysis using an electron-beam accelerator.
... Guhu SN, Moorthy PN, Kishore K., Naik DB and Rao KN (1987) Oneelectron reduction of thionine ... more ... Guhu SN, Moorthy PN, Kishore K., Naik DB and Rao KN (1987) Oneelectron reduction of thionine studied by pulse radiolysis. Proc. ... Guhu et al., 1987. SN Guhu, PN Moorthy, K. Kishore, DB Naik and KN Rao , One-electron reduction of thionine studied by pulse radiolysis. Proc. ...
Radiation induced effects on poly (p-sodium styrene sulphonate) (PSSS) of two molecular weights, ... more Radiation induced effects on poly (p-sodium styrene sulphonate) (PSSS) of two molecular weights, namely 10 6 and 70,000 in aqueous solution have been investigated by steady state and pulse radiolysis (PR) techniques. The reactions of primary radicals of water radiolysis such as OH radical, e aq À , H atom, some oxidizing radicals like N 3 , Cl À 2 and SO À 4 and reducing species like CO À 2 with PSSS have been investigated. The results indicate that the reactivity of these species towards PSSS is a function of molecular weight of PSSS. The absorption spectra of transient species produced when dilute aqueous solutions of PSSS of different molecular weights are subjected to pulse radiolysis have been compared. Rate constants for the reaction of OH radical and H atom with PSSS have been evaluated both by competition kinetics method and by direct observation of build up of transient species. The results indicate that OH radical and H atom react with PSSS in different ways. Near neutral pH, the OH radical reacts with substituted pendant aromatic ring of the PSSS to form an adduct, with a rate constant of 5.5 Â 10 8 and 1.1 Â 10 9 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 for PSSS of molecular weights 10 6 and 70,000, respectively. H atom on the other hand abstracts H atom from the PSSS backbone as well as forms an adduct by reacting with aromatic ring. The rate constant values for reaction of aqueous electron with PSSS were found to be 5 Â 10 7 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 (M w =10 6 ) and 2.2 Â 10 8 dm 3 mol À1 s À1 (M w ¼ 70; 000). The anion formed did not transfer electron to methyl viologen in the pH range of 6-10.5. The viscosity of the aqueous PSSS solution decreases with irradiation, up to doses of 1000 kGy indicating degradation of PSSS in this dose range. The PSSS of higher molecular weight is more prone to degradation. The chain scission is a function of dose rate, concentration of polymer and ambient of irradiation. At doses beyond $2500 kGy there is a sharp increase in viscosity of the PSSS solutions till the solutions set to a soft, sticky gel mass. The gelation dose (D gel ) is a function of molecular weight of the polymer and initial polymer concentration. In the presence of crosslinking agent like N,N-methylene bis acrylamide, the gelation was faster for PSSS of higher molecular weight. Gelation was most efficient for 20% (w/w) polymer concentration. #
This paper reports the results of thermogravimetric studies on:(a) Polyamide-6, 6 (abbreviated he... more This paper reports the results of thermogravimetric studies on:(a) Polyamide-6, 6 (abbreviated henceforth as PA66) specimens which were modified by electron beam radiation in air,(b) organicinorganic hybrid nanocomposite films of PA66/silica prepared ...
The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPD... more The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) rubber and unmodified natural rubber (NR) was investigated by a 180° peel test. Surface modification of EPDM vulcanizate was carried out by two different techniques: (a) irradiation of the surface by gamma radiation in the presence and absence of trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a sensitizer and (b) chemical treatment of the surface with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The modified EPDM surface was thoroughly characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray sulfur mapping (EDX), surface energy measurements, and free sulfur and gel content analysis. The joint between the modified vulcanized EPDM and the unmodified unvulcanized NR was prepared by a co-curing method. The adhesion strength between these two surfaces was found to depend on the nature of oxidation, roughness of the joining surfaces, and extent of blooming of sulfur on the modified surface. Surface modification of EPDM sample with 1 kGy of gamma irradiation in the presence of 10 wt% TMPTA resulted in a good increase in the adhesion strength between EPDM and NR (∼76% improvement over the untreated sample). On the other hand, for the trichloroisocyanuric acid modified sample, maximum improvement of adhesion strength was observed at 0.5 wt% of TCICA (∼29% improvement in comparison with the untreated sample).
The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPD... more The adhesion strength between surface-modified vulcanized ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) rubber and unmodified natural rubber (NR) was investigated by a 180° peel test. Surface modification of EPDM vulcanizate was carried out by two different techniques: (a) ...
In type II theories compactified on Calabi-Yau manifolds the moduli fields are accompanied by (Ra... more In type II theories compactified on Calabi-Yau manifolds the moduli fields are accompanied by (Ramond-Ramond) scalar superpartners. N = 2 space-time supersymmetry requires the lowenergy effective mutual interaction of these excitations be described by a quaternionic o-model in target space. In this paper we explicitly construct these manifolds from the restricted KNaler geometry of the moduli space of arbitrary (2, 2) superconformal systems.
First time in India, a study was aimed to establish a base- line data for electron beam
radiation... more First time in India, a study was aimed to establish a base- line data for electron beam radiation dose level needed to disinfect and also improve the water quality of sewage water for possible reuse in irrigation, industries as well as a few domestic purposes. Raw and secondary treated sewage water samples, which were rich with microorganisms from Navi Mumbai municipal sewage plant were irradiated with electron beam accelerator at doses of 0.45, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 10.5 kGy. Electron Beam irradiation treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogenic load. Electron Beam (EB) dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms whereas Cryptococcus laurentii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Absidia sp. were killed by10.0 kGy and no larvae of helminthes (Ascaris lumbricoides) were recovered at the dose ≥ 1.5 kGy. The experimental findings obtained highlighted the potential of this technology for disinfection of wastewater.
The use of electron beam to disinfect sewage water is gaining importance. The current problem on
... more The use of electron beam to disinfect sewage water is gaining importance. The current problem on environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In general, sewage water comprises of heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB (electron beam) treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms. The experimental results elucidated that the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) (30.38 and 51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) both sewage samples with respect to increasing of irradiation doses (0.45 to 6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation or in industry sector for cooling purpose or in both the sectors.
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Papers by S. Sabharwal
radiation dose level needed to disinfect and also improve the water quality of sewage water
for possible reuse in irrigation, industries as well as a few domestic purposes. Raw and
secondary treated sewage water samples, which were rich with microorganisms from Navi
Mumbai municipal sewage plant were irradiated with electron beam accelerator at doses of
0.45, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 10.5 kGy. Electron Beam irradiation treatment of
the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogenic load. Electron
Beam (EB) dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms
whereas Cryptococcus laurentii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Absidia sp. were killed
by10.0 kGy and no larvae of helminthes (Ascaris lumbricoides) were recovered at the
dose ≥ 1.5 kGy. The experimental findings obtained highlighted the potential of this
technology for disinfection of wastewater.
environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In
general, sewage water comprises of heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB
(electron beam) treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens
as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms.
The experimental results elucidated that the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) (30.38 and
51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD)
was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) both sewage samples with respect to increasing of irradiation doses
(0.45 to 6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of
sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the
irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation or in industry sector
for cooling purpose or in both the sectors.
radiation dose level needed to disinfect and also improve the water quality of sewage water
for possible reuse in irrigation, industries as well as a few domestic purposes. Raw and
secondary treated sewage water samples, which were rich with microorganisms from Navi
Mumbai municipal sewage plant were irradiated with electron beam accelerator at doses of
0.45, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 10.5 kGy. Electron Beam irradiation treatment of
the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogenic load. Electron
Beam (EB) dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms
whereas Cryptococcus laurentii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Absidia sp. were killed
by10.0 kGy and no larvae of helminthes (Ascaris lumbricoides) were recovered at the
dose ≥ 1.5 kGy. The experimental findings obtained highlighted the potential of this
technology for disinfection of wastewater.
environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In
general, sewage water comprises of heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB
(electron beam) treatment of the wastewater was found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens
as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms.
The experimental results elucidated that the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) (30.38 and
51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD)
was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) both sewage samples with respect to increasing of irradiation doses
(0.45 to 6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of
sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the
irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation or in industry sector
for cooling purpose or in both the sectors.