Books by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
by Víctor A. Torres-González, María Teresa De Luque Morales, Fuensanta Garrido Domené, Anthony Álvarez Melero, Federico Russo, Antonio D. Pérez Zurita, Enrique Melchor Gil, Sergio López Calero, Israel Muñoz, Dámaris Romero-González, Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo, M. Isabel Panosa Domingo, Almudena Villegas, and Alberto Romero Criado Este volumen recopila trece contribuciones realizadas por diecinueve profesores e investigadores ... more Este volumen recopila trece contribuciones realizadas por diecinueve profesores e investigadores vinculados a diferentes universidades españolas y europeas. Los trabajos han sido distribuidos en tres bloques temáticos: Élites e Instituciones; Religión y Magia; Vida cotidiana. Todos ellos estudian diferentes documentos papirológicos desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, atendiendo al análisis de aspectos filológicos, históricos, literarios y culturales para arrojar luz sobre cuestiones institucionales, sociológicas, cultuales o de la vida cotidiana del Egipto romano.
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Esta obra constituye el resultado final de una larga investigación sobre las relaciones de pareja... more Esta obra constituye el resultado final de una larga investigación sobre las relaciones de pareja que no eran reconocidas por el Derecho romano. Tanto el concubinato como el contubernio son estudiados a lo largo de sus páginas para poder establecer las similitudes y las diferencias de estas dos uniones alternativas al matrimonio legítimo. Con esta investigación se pretende arrojar luz, en la medida de lo posible, sobre estos dos fenómenos característicos de la época romana tan complejos como interesantes a través del estudio de las fuentes literarias, epigráficas y jurídicas.
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Papers by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
Estudio de un curioso ejemplo de la capital del Imperio donde se documenta la existencia de una m... more Estudio de un curioso ejemplo de la capital del Imperio donde se documenta la existencia de una mujer llamada Claudia Saturnina, presentada como una "mamma et patrona". En esta investigación se analiza el término "mamma", sus diversos usos y significados, así como las relaciones familiares existentes entre ella y el restos de individuos mencionados en su epitafio.
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El objetivo de este artículo es analizar un conjunto de casos sobre varios vernae de la ciudad ro... more El objetivo de este artículo es analizar un conjunto de casos sobre varios vernae de la ciudad romana de Ostia conocidos mediante las inscripciones donde aparecen mencionados. Los ejemplos analizados aquí serán estudiados desde otra perspectiva que no se ha realizado previamente. A través de la lectura de esos testimonios epigráficos se pueden conocer determinados aspectos de la vida de estos esclavos durante el periodo comprendido entre el siglo I a.C. y los tres primeros siglos de nuestra era. Las inscripciones funerarias aportan datos muy interesantes sobre las relaciones entre estos esclavos y sus propietarios, o entre los esclavos y sus parientes de origen servil.
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Resumen.
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es el estudio de las figuras del padr... more Resumen.
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es el estudio de las figuras del padrastro, la madrastra y los hermanastros en el seno de una familia romana en general, y su reflejo en la sociedad de la Hispania romana en particular. Mediante el análisis de las fuentes literarias y jurídicas nos acercaremos a los estereotipos, normalmente negativos, que se desarrollaron en torno a estos familiares para después contrastar esa información con la obtenida a través de la revisión de los testimonios epigráficos de la península ibérica.
Abstract.
The paper offers a study of the figures of the stepfather, stepmother and stepbrothers in the Roman family and their role in the society of Roman Hispania. An analysis of the literary and legal sources first provides evidence for the stereotypes, normally negative, that were developed around these relatives. This impression is then contrasted with the epigraphic evidence from the Iberian Peninsula.
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Resumen
Los hermanos de leche o conlactei fueron figuras bastante frecuentes en la sociedad roman... more Resumen
Los hermanos de leche o conlactei fueron figuras bastante frecuentes en la sociedad romana a juzgar por el importante número de testimonios escritos conservados. Las fuentes epigráficas, jurídicas o literarias, entre otras, nos ofrecen interesantes datos sobre las relaciones de estas personas que fueron alimentadas por una misma mujer durante sus primeros años de vida. El papel desempeñado por la nutrix fue fundamental en estos casos. A veces, las nodrizas eran esclavas que tenían sus propios hijos y, además, tuvieron que encargarse de la lactancia de los descendientes de sus propietarios o de los hijos de otros esclavos. De esa forma, nos encontramos con hermanos de leche que tenían diferentes orígenes sociales, algunos de ellos eran esclavos y otros libres. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas nos centraremos en el ejemplo documentado en la inscripción funeraria de Antonia Cruseis, procedente de Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). El presente caso de estudio nos proporciona una gran cantidad de información y nos demuestra que el fuerte vínculo que se forjó entre los hermanos de leche no se rompía cuando terminaba la infancia y superaba barreras sociales. Esos lazos casi fraternales entre Antonia Cruseis y Antonius Ursianus quedaron atestiguados como un dato digno de aparecer en el epitafio de la primera, fallecida ya siendo una mujer adulta. A continuación analizaremos las relaciones familiares existentes entre estos dos conlactei, el papel del viudo como dedicante del epígrafe y el estudio de la nutrix que constituyó el nexo de unión entre Cruseis y Ursianus.
Abstract
The foster brothers or conlactei were quite frequent figures in Roman society as stated by the large number of preserved written testimonies. Epigraphic, legal or literary sources, among others, offer interesting data about the relationships of these people, who were fed by the same woman. The role played by these nurses or nutrices was essential in these cases. Wet nurses were sometimes slaves who had their own children and, in addition, were in charge of breastfeeding the descendants of their owners or the children of other slaves. Therefore, there are foster brothers with different social origins, one being a slave and the other a free man. The following pages will focus on the example documented in the funerary inscription of Antonia Cruseis, from Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). This case provides a great amount of information and shows that the strong bond developed between foster brothers was not broken once childhood ended. Those almost fraternal ties between Antonia Cruseis and Antonius Ursianus were considered a detail worthy of appearing in the epitaph of Cruseis, who died as an adult woman. We will analyze the family relations of these two conlactei, the role of the widower as dedicator of the epitaph, and the nutrix that connected Cruseis and Ursianus.
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RESUMEN: Este artículo se centra en el estudio de un interesante monumento funerario que se conse... more RESUMEN: Este artículo se centra en el estudio de un interesante monumento funerario que se conserva actualmente en el Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Aquileia (inv. nº 58) 1. La inscripción de la lápida recuerda a todos los individuos de una gens enterrados en un mismo lugar. Los responsables de su construcción fueron dos hermanos, L. Titius y Q. Titius. Ellos se encargaron de disponer de una sepultura para sus seres queridos y de realizar una estela con el epígrafe que recoge sus nombres. El interés que puede generar el epitafio radica en el hecho de que se mencionan dos tipos de uniones de pareja en una misma familia. Este trabajo se encargará del estudio de cada una de las relaciones sentimentales aludidas, mostrando las similitudes y las diferencias entre ellas.
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RESUMEN: La sociedad y la economía de Capera tuvieron una serie de rasgos relacionados estrechame... more RESUMEN: La sociedad y la economía de Capera tuvieron una serie de rasgos relacionados estrechamente con su situación geográfica. Por un lado, la fuerte influencia indígena está claramente manifestada en la onomástica de los individuos que vivieron en este núcleo urbano y en su territorium. Por otro lado, su propia ubicación en la conocida actualmente como «Vía de la Plata» constituyó un factor decisivo para su desarrollo. Este estudio pretende analizar las características y las peculiaridades de este municipium.
ABSTRACT: Society and economy of Capera had some features closely related to its geographical situation. On the one hand, the strong indigenous influence is clearly manifested in the onomastic of the individuals who lived in that city and in its territorium. On the other hand, its location in the so-called «Vía de la Plata» was a decisive factor for its development. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of the society and the economy in this municipium.
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RESUMEN: Al igual que en otras zonas del Imperio, nos encontramos con casos de hijos ilegítimos e... more RESUMEN: Al igual que en otras zonas del Imperio, nos encontramos con casos de hijos ilegítimos en el seno de la sociedad hispanorromana. Las fuentes epigráficas de Hispania aportan información sobre la descendencia nacida de uniones no reconocidas por el Derecho Romano. Hay una amplia variedad de casos que atestiguan su frecuencia y nos ofrecen algunas características de cómo sería la vida no solo de estos individuos, sino también la de sus progenitores.
ABSTRACT: As in other areas of the Roman Empire, there are some examples of illegitimate children in Hispania. The epigraphic sources provide us with some information about the offspring of non-recognized unions by the Roman Law. There is a variety of cases that attest their frequency. Moreover, they offer us some characteristics about what life would be like for these individuals and for their parents as well.
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RESUMEN: Este trabajo pretende estudiar la "infamia" asociada a la mujer romana durante el Alto I... more RESUMEN: Este trabajo pretende estudiar la "infamia" asociada a la mujer romana durante el Alto Imperio. El análisis de las fuentes literarias, jurídicas y epigráficas es fundamental para comprender la situación de estas féminas. Aquellas que no cumplieron con el papel de matrona ideal, impuesto por el "mos maiorum" y la legalidad, fueron duramente criticadas y marginadas por la sociedad romana. La moral y la tradición jugaron un papel decisivo en el desprestigio de estas mujeres "infames".
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is the study the infamia associated with the Roman woman in the Early Empire. It is important the analysis of literary, legal and epigraphic sources to understand the situation of these women. Those who did not fulfill the role of ideal matrona were severely criticized and marginalized by Roman society. Morality and tradition played a decisive role in the discredit of these infames women.
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RESUMEN: Las mujeres del municipium Flavium Caperense están ampliamente documentadas en la epigra... more RESUMEN: Las mujeres del municipium Flavium Caperense están ampliamente documentadas en la epigrafía tanto de esta ciudad romana como de su territorio de influencia. Mediante el análisis de una gran variedad de casos, podemos obtener información sobre cómo eran sus relaciones familiares, de dónde procedían, qué estatus jurídico tenían o qué papel desempeñaban en la sociedad caperense.
ABSTRACT: There are a large number of examples of women documented in the epigraphy of the municipium Flavium Caperense and its territorium. The study of all these evidences gives us a lot of information. We can analyze how their family relationship were, where they were from, what legal status they had or what role they played in the society.
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RESUMEN: Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el análisis de las familias que formaron los ... more RESUMEN: Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el análisis de las familias que formaron los gladiadores en las provincias occidentales del Imperio Romano durante los tres primeros siglos d.C. A través del estudio de las fuentes literarias, epigráficas y jurídicas podemos analizar el papel que estos individuos desempeñaron en la vida de los luchadores. Especialmente interesante es la figura de la amante, concubina o esposa del gladiador y su consideración dentro de la sociedad romana. Estas mujeres debieron de ejercer un papel importante en sus vidas a juzgar por los testimonios recogidos en las inscripciones epigráficas. Además, se estudia la descendencia de estas relaciones y podremos ver cómo se diferenciaban poco o nada del resto de familias corrientes de la época.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to study the gladiators' families and their loved ones in the western provinces of Roman Empire during the first three centuries of Christian Era. For that, it is important to analyze the literary, epigraphic and legal sources. Interesting is the study of the gladiators' mistresses, concubines and wives and their consideration in the Roman society. In the epigraphic records used for this article we can see the importance of these women in the lives of some fighters. Moreover, we also analyze other loved ones like their children. In general, these families weren't different from the rest.
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Book Chapters by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
E. Mataix Ferrándiz, A. López García, A. Álvarez Melero y D. Romero Vera (Eds.), Law and Power: Agents of Social and Spatial Transformation in the Roman West, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2024, pp. 113-132 , 2024
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S. Olivero y C. L. Paz, Pueblos y culturas de la prehistoria a la actualidad, Dykinson, 2023, pp. 75-90, 2023
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Martín Minguijón, A., Vilacoba Ramos, K. M. y Saiz López, J. N. (Eds.), Conceptos, métodos y fuentes para el estudio de la Antigüedad. Líneas de investigación actuales, Dykinson, Madrid, 2023 , 2023
1. Introducción. 2. La condición sociojurídica de estas mujeres. 2.1. Libertae. 2.2. Ingenuae. 2.... more 1. Introducción. 2. La condición sociojurídica de estas mujeres. 2.1. Libertae. 2.2. Ingenuae. 2.3. Servae. 2.4. Incertae. 3. Uxores, matres, filiae et aviae: sus vínculos familiares. 4. La posición socioeconómica de estas mujeres. 5. Las palabras de alabanza dirigidas hacia ellas. 6. Conclusiones. 7. Bibliografía.
7.1. Abreviaturas empleadas para los corpora epigráficos.
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Víctor A. Torres-González, María Teresa de Luque Morales, Fuensanta Garrido Domené y Anthony Álvarez Melero (eds.), Papiros greco-egipcios de época imperial romana I: Instituciones, sociedad y religión, Madrid, Ediciones Clásicas, 2022
Resumen: El presente papiro, fechado a mediados del siglo III d. C., relata una agresión sufrida ... more Resumen: El presente papiro, fechado a mediados del siglo III d. C., relata una agresión sufrida en el pueblo de Philadelphia. El agredido, un anciano llamado Aurelius Sarapion y miembro del cuerpo de los arabotoxotai, relató los hechos en un informe dirigido a la autoridad pertinente tras ser golpeado. En el documento se describe el motivo del conflicto entre las partes implicadas, el robo de una cría de cerdo, así como el desarrollo de los acontecimientos. Además, el denunciante señaló al agresor y enumeró los nombres de los testigos que estaban en el momento de los hechos. El texto ofrece interesantes datos sobre una familia, la de Aurelius Sarapion, atestiguada en otros papiros que permiten reconstruir su evolución a través de varias generaciones. Al mismo tiempo, esta queja muestra problemas de la vida cotidiana en el Egipto de época romana.
Palabras clave: Conflicto vecinal; archivo familiar; orden público; asalto a la autoridad; inseguridad.
Abstract: The present papyrus, dated to the middle of the 3rd century AD, reports an assault in the village of Philadelphia. The victim, an old man named Aurelius Sarapion and a member of the arabotoxotai corps, recounted the events in a report to the relevant authority after being beaten. The document describes the reason for the conflict between the parties involved, the theft of a pig calf, as well as the course of events. In addition, the complainant pointed out the aggressor and listed the names of the witnesses who were present at the time of the incident. The text provides interesting information about a family, that of Aurelius Sarapion, attested in other papyri that allow us to reconstruct its evolution through several generations. At the same time, this complaint also deals with problems of everyday life in Egypt during the Roman period.
Keywords: Neighbourhood Feud; Family Archive; Public Order; Assault on Authority; Insecurity.
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L. González Estrada y J. Guantes García (eds.), Familias monoparentales en la Antigüedad: Construcciones culturales y realidad social (pp. 209-225), Ed. Trea, 2023
Resumen: En una sociedad con altos niveles de mortandad como la romana, el nacimiento de hijos pó... more Resumen: En una sociedad con altos niveles de mortandad como la romana, el nacimiento de hijos póstumos, es decir, aquellos nacidos sin padre, sería una situación que podemos intuir como usual. Este trabajo parte de la inquietud por el tratamiento jurídico de este colectivo, atendiendo a cuestiones como el derecho hereditario, su consideración social, cómo afectaba su nacimiento a su entorno familiar y asuntos relativos a su cuidado y manutención. Del mismo modo, ahondamos en el papel de la madre como aquella que engendraba un heredero legítimo y las consecuencias que esto acarreaba para ella. El derecho romano es nuestra principal fuente, pues en las disposiciones de los juristas podemos encontrar respuestas a muchos de estos interrogantes. Con todo, acudimos también a las referencias que encontramos, en menor medida, en las fuentes literarias y epigráficas.
Abstract: In a society with a high mortality rate such as the Roman one, the birth of posthumous children, those born without a father, would be a situation that we can imagine to be commonplace. This work is based on a concern for the legal treatment of this group, addressing issues such as inheritance law, their social consideration, how their birth affected their family environment and matters relating to their care and maintenance. Likewise, we delve into the role of the mother as the one who begets a legitimate heir and the consequences that this entailed for her. Roman law is our main source, as we can find answers to many of these questions in the provisions of the jurists. However, we also draw on references found, to a lesser extent, in literary and epigraphic sources.
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Martín Minguijón, A., Vilacoba Ramos, K. y Saiz López, J. N. (Eds.), La infancia en Roma y en otros pueblos de la Antigüedad. Estudios históricos-jurídicos, Ed. Aranzadi, Pamplona, 2023
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P. PAVÓN (ed.), Conditio Feminae. Imágenes de la realidad femenina en el mundo romano, Edizioni Quasar, Roma, 2021
El propósito de este trabajo es el estudio de la figura de la liberta en la ciudad de Ostia duran... more El propósito de este trabajo es el estudio de la figura de la liberta en la ciudad de Ostia durante los tres primeros siglos de nuestra era. Las fuentes epigráficas de este lugar nos aportan una interesante y variada información sobre quiénes fueron estas mujeres, qué personas formaron parte de su círculo íntimo y cuál fue el papel que desempeñaron en la sociedad de la época. A continuación, se analizan todos esos datos que nos ayudan a conocer mejor cómo era la vida de estas féminas con pasado servil.
This paper intends to study the figure of freedwoman in Ostia during the first three centuries of our era. Epigraphic sources have provided us with interesting information about who these women were, what their intimate circle was and what role they played in the society of the Roman era. All this information has been analyzed to better understand the life of these women with a servile past.
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J. Córdoba Toro y P. González Zambrano (coords.), Pensando Andalucía. Una visión transdisciplinar II, UNO editorial, Contra Mundum, Albacete , 2020
RESUMEN: Este estudio se centra en la figura de Acilia Plecusa, una esclava que fue manumitida y ... more RESUMEN: Este estudio se centra en la figura de Acilia Plecusa, una esclava que fue manumitida y contrajo un matrimonio legítimo con su propietario, Manius Acilius Fronto. Ellos eran originarios de la ciudad de Singilia Barba (Baetica) y formaron parte de una importante familia hispana del siglo II d. C. Los testimonios epigráficos nos muestran el destacado ascenso social de esta liberta que se encargó de costear inscripciones para homenajear tanto a sus familiares como a sus amigos más cercanos e influyentes.
ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the figura of a freedwoman, Acilia Plecusa. She was a slave, but she was manumitted and got married to her owner, Manius Acilius Fronto. They were from Singilia Barba (Baetica) and belonged to an important family of the Second Century A. D. Inscriptions show us the outstanding social climbing of this freed woman, who took charge of financing the registrations to honour, not only her relatives, but also her closest and most influential friends.
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Books by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
Papers by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es el estudio de las figuras del padrastro, la madrastra y los hermanastros en el seno de una familia romana en general, y su reflejo en la sociedad de la Hispania romana en particular. Mediante el análisis de las fuentes literarias y jurídicas nos acercaremos a los estereotipos, normalmente negativos, que se desarrollaron en torno a estos familiares para después contrastar esa información con la obtenida a través de la revisión de los testimonios epigráficos de la península ibérica.
Abstract.
The paper offers a study of the figures of the stepfather, stepmother and stepbrothers in the Roman family and their role in the society of Roman Hispania. An analysis of the literary and legal sources first provides evidence for the stereotypes, normally negative, that were developed around these relatives. This impression is then contrasted with the epigraphic evidence from the Iberian Peninsula.
Los hermanos de leche o conlactei fueron figuras bastante frecuentes en la sociedad romana a juzgar por el importante número de testimonios escritos conservados. Las fuentes epigráficas, jurídicas o literarias, entre otras, nos ofrecen interesantes datos sobre las relaciones de estas personas que fueron alimentadas por una misma mujer durante sus primeros años de vida. El papel desempeñado por la nutrix fue fundamental en estos casos. A veces, las nodrizas eran esclavas que tenían sus propios hijos y, además, tuvieron que encargarse de la lactancia de los descendientes de sus propietarios o de los hijos de otros esclavos. De esa forma, nos encontramos con hermanos de leche que tenían diferentes orígenes sociales, algunos de ellos eran esclavos y otros libres. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas nos centraremos en el ejemplo documentado en la inscripción funeraria de Antonia Cruseis, procedente de Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). El presente caso de estudio nos proporciona una gran cantidad de información y nos demuestra que el fuerte vínculo que se forjó entre los hermanos de leche no se rompía cuando terminaba la infancia y superaba barreras sociales. Esos lazos casi fraternales entre Antonia Cruseis y Antonius Ursianus quedaron atestiguados como un dato digno de aparecer en el epitafio de la primera, fallecida ya siendo una mujer adulta. A continuación analizaremos las relaciones familiares existentes entre estos dos conlactei, el papel del viudo como dedicante del epígrafe y el estudio de la nutrix que constituyó el nexo de unión entre Cruseis y Ursianus.
Abstract
The foster brothers or conlactei were quite frequent figures in Roman society as stated by the large number of preserved written testimonies. Epigraphic, legal or literary sources, among others, offer interesting data about the relationships of these people, who were fed by the same woman. The role played by these nurses or nutrices was essential in these cases. Wet nurses were sometimes slaves who had their own children and, in addition, were in charge of breastfeeding the descendants of their owners or the children of other slaves. Therefore, there are foster brothers with different social origins, one being a slave and the other a free man. The following pages will focus on the example documented in the funerary inscription of Antonia Cruseis, from Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). This case provides a great amount of information and shows that the strong bond developed between foster brothers was not broken once childhood ended. Those almost fraternal ties between Antonia Cruseis and Antonius Ursianus were considered a detail worthy of appearing in the epitaph of Cruseis, who died as an adult woman. We will analyze the family relations of these two conlactei, the role of the widower as dedicator of the epitaph, and the nutrix that connected Cruseis and Ursianus.
ABSTRACT: Society and economy of Capera had some features closely related to its geographical situation. On the one hand, the strong indigenous influence is clearly manifested in the onomastic of the individuals who lived in that city and in its territorium. On the other hand, its location in the so-called «Vía de la Plata» was a decisive factor for its development. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of the society and the economy in this municipium.
ABSTRACT: As in other areas of the Roman Empire, there are some examples of illegitimate children in Hispania. The epigraphic sources provide us with some information about the offspring of non-recognized unions by the Roman Law. There is a variety of cases that attest their frequency. Moreover, they offer us some characteristics about what life would be like for these individuals and for their parents as well.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is the study the infamia associated with the Roman woman in the Early Empire. It is important the analysis of literary, legal and epigraphic sources to understand the situation of these women. Those who did not fulfill the role of ideal matrona were severely criticized and marginalized by Roman society. Morality and tradition played a decisive role in the discredit of these infames women.
ABSTRACT: There are a large number of examples of women documented in the epigraphy of the municipium Flavium Caperense and its territorium. The study of all these evidences gives us a lot of information. We can analyze how their family relationship were, where they were from, what legal status they had or what role they played in the society.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to study the gladiators' families and their loved ones in the western provinces of Roman Empire during the first three centuries of Christian Era. For that, it is important to analyze the literary, epigraphic and legal sources. Interesting is the study of the gladiators' mistresses, concubines and wives and their consideration in the Roman society. In the epigraphic records used for this article we can see the importance of these women in the lives of some fighters. Moreover, we also analyze other loved ones like their children. In general, these families weren't different from the rest.
Book Chapters by Francisco Cidoncha-Redondo
7.1. Abreviaturas empleadas para los corpora epigráficos.
Palabras clave: Conflicto vecinal; archivo familiar; orden público; asalto a la autoridad; inseguridad.
Abstract: The present papyrus, dated to the middle of the 3rd century AD, reports an assault in the village of Philadelphia. The victim, an old man named Aurelius Sarapion and a member of the arabotoxotai corps, recounted the events in a report to the relevant authority after being beaten. The document describes the reason for the conflict between the parties involved, the theft of a pig calf, as well as the course of events. In addition, the complainant pointed out the aggressor and listed the names of the witnesses who were present at the time of the incident. The text provides interesting information about a family, that of Aurelius Sarapion, attested in other papyri that allow us to reconstruct its evolution through several generations. At the same time, this complaint also deals with problems of everyday life in Egypt during the Roman period.
Keywords: Neighbourhood Feud; Family Archive; Public Order; Assault on Authority; Insecurity.
Abstract: In a society with a high mortality rate such as the Roman one, the birth of posthumous children, those born without a father, would be a situation that we can imagine to be commonplace. This work is based on a concern for the legal treatment of this group, addressing issues such as inheritance law, their social consideration, how their birth affected their family environment and matters relating to their care and maintenance. Likewise, we delve into the role of the mother as the one who begets a legitimate heir and the consequences that this entailed for her. Roman law is our main source, as we can find answers to many of these questions in the provisions of the jurists. However, we also draw on references found, to a lesser extent, in literary and epigraphic sources.
This paper intends to study the figure of freedwoman in Ostia during the first three centuries of our era. Epigraphic sources have provided us with interesting information about who these women were, what their intimate circle was and what role they played in the society of the Roman era. All this information has been analyzed to better understand the life of these women with a servile past.
ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the figura of a freedwoman, Acilia Plecusa. She was a slave, but she was manumitted and got married to her owner, Manius Acilius Fronto. They were from Singilia Barba (Baetica) and belonged to an important family of the Second Century A. D. Inscriptions show us the outstanding social climbing of this freed woman, who took charge of financing the registrations to honour, not only her relatives, but also her closest and most influential friends.
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es el estudio de las figuras del padrastro, la madrastra y los hermanastros en el seno de una familia romana en general, y su reflejo en la sociedad de la Hispania romana en particular. Mediante el análisis de las fuentes literarias y jurídicas nos acercaremos a los estereotipos, normalmente negativos, que se desarrollaron en torno a estos familiares para después contrastar esa información con la obtenida a través de la revisión de los testimonios epigráficos de la península ibérica.
Abstract.
The paper offers a study of the figures of the stepfather, stepmother and stepbrothers in the Roman family and their role in the society of Roman Hispania. An analysis of the literary and legal sources first provides evidence for the stereotypes, normally negative, that were developed around these relatives. This impression is then contrasted with the epigraphic evidence from the Iberian Peninsula.
Los hermanos de leche o conlactei fueron figuras bastante frecuentes en la sociedad romana a juzgar por el importante número de testimonios escritos conservados. Las fuentes epigráficas, jurídicas o literarias, entre otras, nos ofrecen interesantes datos sobre las relaciones de estas personas que fueron alimentadas por una misma mujer durante sus primeros años de vida. El papel desempeñado por la nutrix fue fundamental en estos casos. A veces, las nodrizas eran esclavas que tenían sus propios hijos y, además, tuvieron que encargarse de la lactancia de los descendientes de sus propietarios o de los hijos de otros esclavos. De esa forma, nos encontramos con hermanos de leche que tenían diferentes orígenes sociales, algunos de ellos eran esclavos y otros libres. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas nos centraremos en el ejemplo documentado en la inscripción funeraria de Antonia Cruseis, procedente de Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). El presente caso de estudio nos proporciona una gran cantidad de información y nos demuestra que el fuerte vínculo que se forjó entre los hermanos de leche no se rompía cuando terminaba la infancia y superaba barreras sociales. Esos lazos casi fraternales entre Antonia Cruseis y Antonius Ursianus quedaron atestiguados como un dato digno de aparecer en el epitafio de la primera, fallecida ya siendo una mujer adulta. A continuación analizaremos las relaciones familiares existentes entre estos dos conlactei, el papel del viudo como dedicante del epígrafe y el estudio de la nutrix que constituyó el nexo de unión entre Cruseis y Ursianus.
Abstract
The foster brothers or conlactei were quite frequent figures in Roman society as stated by the large number of preserved written testimonies. Epigraphic, legal or literary sources, among others, offer interesting data about the relationships of these people, who were fed by the same woman. The role played by these nurses or nutrices was essential in these cases. Wet nurses were sometimes slaves who had their own children and, in addition, were in charge of breastfeeding the descendants of their owners or the children of other slaves. Therefore, there are foster brothers with different social origins, one being a slave and the other a free man. The following pages will focus on the example documented in the funerary inscription of Antonia Cruseis, from Augusta Emerita (Lusitania). This case provides a great amount of information and shows that the strong bond developed between foster brothers was not broken once childhood ended. Those almost fraternal ties between Antonia Cruseis and Antonius Ursianus were considered a detail worthy of appearing in the epitaph of Cruseis, who died as an adult woman. We will analyze the family relations of these two conlactei, the role of the widower as dedicator of the epitaph, and the nutrix that connected Cruseis and Ursianus.
ABSTRACT: Society and economy of Capera had some features closely related to its geographical situation. On the one hand, the strong indigenous influence is clearly manifested in the onomastic of the individuals who lived in that city and in its territorium. On the other hand, its location in the so-called «Vía de la Plata» was a decisive factor for its development. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of the society and the economy in this municipium.
ABSTRACT: As in other areas of the Roman Empire, there are some examples of illegitimate children in Hispania. The epigraphic sources provide us with some information about the offspring of non-recognized unions by the Roman Law. There is a variety of cases that attest their frequency. Moreover, they offer us some characteristics about what life would be like for these individuals and for their parents as well.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is the study the infamia associated with the Roman woman in the Early Empire. It is important the analysis of literary, legal and epigraphic sources to understand the situation of these women. Those who did not fulfill the role of ideal matrona were severely criticized and marginalized by Roman society. Morality and tradition played a decisive role in the discredit of these infames women.
ABSTRACT: There are a large number of examples of women documented in the epigraphy of the municipium Flavium Caperense and its territorium. The study of all these evidences gives us a lot of information. We can analyze how their family relationship were, where they were from, what legal status they had or what role they played in the society.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to study the gladiators' families and their loved ones in the western provinces of Roman Empire during the first three centuries of Christian Era. For that, it is important to analyze the literary, epigraphic and legal sources. Interesting is the study of the gladiators' mistresses, concubines and wives and their consideration in the Roman society. In the epigraphic records used for this article we can see the importance of these women in the lives of some fighters. Moreover, we also analyze other loved ones like their children. In general, these families weren't different from the rest.
7.1. Abreviaturas empleadas para los corpora epigráficos.
Palabras clave: Conflicto vecinal; archivo familiar; orden público; asalto a la autoridad; inseguridad.
Abstract: The present papyrus, dated to the middle of the 3rd century AD, reports an assault in the village of Philadelphia. The victim, an old man named Aurelius Sarapion and a member of the arabotoxotai corps, recounted the events in a report to the relevant authority after being beaten. The document describes the reason for the conflict between the parties involved, the theft of a pig calf, as well as the course of events. In addition, the complainant pointed out the aggressor and listed the names of the witnesses who were present at the time of the incident. The text provides interesting information about a family, that of Aurelius Sarapion, attested in other papyri that allow us to reconstruct its evolution through several generations. At the same time, this complaint also deals with problems of everyday life in Egypt during the Roman period.
Keywords: Neighbourhood Feud; Family Archive; Public Order; Assault on Authority; Insecurity.
Abstract: In a society with a high mortality rate such as the Roman one, the birth of posthumous children, those born without a father, would be a situation that we can imagine to be commonplace. This work is based on a concern for the legal treatment of this group, addressing issues such as inheritance law, their social consideration, how their birth affected their family environment and matters relating to their care and maintenance. Likewise, we delve into the role of the mother as the one who begets a legitimate heir and the consequences that this entailed for her. Roman law is our main source, as we can find answers to many of these questions in the provisions of the jurists. However, we also draw on references found, to a lesser extent, in literary and epigraphic sources.
This paper intends to study the figure of freedwoman in Ostia during the first three centuries of our era. Epigraphic sources have provided us with interesting information about who these women were, what their intimate circle was and what role they played in the society of the Roman era. All this information has been analyzed to better understand the life of these women with a servile past.
ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the figura of a freedwoman, Acilia Plecusa. She was a slave, but she was manumitted and got married to her owner, Manius Acilius Fronto. They were from Singilia Barba (Baetica) and belonged to an important family of the Second Century A. D. Inscriptions show us the outstanding social climbing of this freed woman, who took charge of financing the registrations to honour, not only her relatives, but also her closest and most influential friends.
ABSTRACT: Adultery was a very serious crime in Roman society and it was severly punished by Law. The Augustan legislation pursued these crimes against morals. Women were the hardest hit by the laws. They received unequal treatment with respect to men and they suff ered a great social discrimination. This paper intends to study some references about adultery in legal and literary texts.
ABSTRACT: In the Roman province of Lusitania, Capera flourished during the first three centuries of Christian Era. This work aims to study the religious beliefs of its inhabitants. In the epigraphics records used for this article we can see the importance of the cults to indigenous gods such as Trebaruna, Quangeius, Deus Tritiaecius, etc. These deities were worshipped in Roman times and coexisted together with Roman religious beliefs. Among the Roman gods stand out Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, Mars or the Lares. There are also Oriental divinities like Mater Deum, Bellona and Sol Invictus. The most common cult was the one of the healthy waters related to Nymphae and Salus.
ABSTRACT: The marriage between a patron and his freedwoman was very common in the Roman society. She could be manumitted by her patron to get married with him. If he did not get married with his freedwoman, he could start a concubinage with her. These unionswere studied by Roman jurists. From the legal sources, we can analyze some aspects related to them such as divorce, adultery or the dignitas of the freedwomen. Epigraphic sources are very important to study real examples of these unions in the ancient Roman Empire. Moreover, we also analyze their children, the social setting and the social promote of the freedwomen.