A List of Coin Dealers in nineteenth-century Germany

TÜBINGER NUMISMATISCHE STUDIEN 1 A COLLECTION IN CONTEXT KOMMENTIERTE EDITION DER BRIEFE UND DOKUMENTE SAMMLUNG DR. KARL VON SCHÄFFER HERAUSGEBER STEFAN KRMNICEK & HENNER HARDT TÜBINGER NUMISMATISCHE STUDIEN BAND 1 TÜBINGER NUMISMATISCHE STUDIEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VON STEFAN KRMNICEK BAND 1 Stefan Krmnicek & Henner Hardt (Hrsg.) A Collection in Context Kommentierte Edition der Briefe und Dokumente Sammlung Dr. Karl von Schäffer Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie, detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Der Text dieses Werks ist unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE (Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0 Deutschland) veröffentlicht. Den Vertragstext der Lizenz finden Sie unter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de. Die Abbildungen sind von dieser Lizenz ausgenommen, hier liegt das Urheberrecht beim jeweiligen Rechteinhaber. Die Online-Version dieser Publikation ist auf den Verlagswebseiten von Tübingen University Press frei verfügbar (open access). http://hdl.handle.net/10900/78001 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-780017 http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-19401 1. Auflage 2017 Tübingen University Press Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen Wilhelmstr. 32 72074 Tübingen tup@ub.uni-tuebingen.de www.tuebingen-university-press.de ISBN (Hardcover): 978-3-947251-00-1 ISBN (PDF): 978-3-947251-01-8 Redaktion: Stefan Krmnicek und Henner Hardt, Tübingen Umschlaggestaltung: In Medias Rees, Stuttgart und Susanne Schmid, Universität Tübingen Coverfoto: Valentin Marquardt Satz, Layout und Bildnachbearbeitung: Susanne Schmid, Universität Tübingen Druck und Bindung: Pro BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH Printed in Germany INHALT Vorwort des Herausgebers 7 Der Briefverkehr und die Sammlung 9 Stefan Krmnicek und Henner Hardt Karl (von) Schäffer 27 Veronika Holdau Collecting coins in nineteenth-century Germany 37 Hadrien J. Rambach A list of coin dealers in nineteenth-century Germany 63 Hadrien J. Rambach Die Antiken des Oberst von Wundt in Tübingen 85 Philipp Baas Katalog 105 Stefan Krmnicek und Henner Hardt Verzeichnis der Autoren 199 A LIST OF COIN DEALERS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY HADRIEN J. RAMBACH The vitality of numismatics in nineteenth-century Germany is not only shown by the many journals that were published – and their sometimes high print-runs, but also evidenced by the sheer numbers of coin-dealers: nearly a third, 36 of the 124 coin-dealers listed by the Gnecchi brothers in 1886, were in Germany. In Vienna in July 1869, when Georg Kraus auctioned the coins and medals collection of Graf von Klebelsberg, the main buyers were the most significant dealers of the time: Kraus himself, Leopold Hamburger (Frankfurt), Zschiesche & Köder (Leipzig), and Carl Fieweger (Berlin).1 Like today, professional numismatists whose names are known and will be remembered, were joined by minor coin dealers whose names have long been forgotten. One example is the Berlin banker Meidner, who displayed coins in his windows in 1885 – coins as varied as a stater of Lysimachos, a solidus of Honorius and a piece of 4 ducats. This illustration comes from the memoirs of Alfred Mamroth, who also wrote of the now unheard-of dealer von Wasserschleben – bidding on his behalf in a 1893 auction.2 It is interesting to note that several German dealers were scholars: in 1892 Leopold Hamburger published a study of the coinage of the Jewish revolt, a subject that Eugen Merzbacher had previously explored in his PhD dissertation in 1873.3 When the Annalen der gesammten Numismatik were launched in 1804 by Adolf Schlichtegroll (the archaeologist in charge of the Gotha coin cabinet), who described them as »a literary magazine dedicated to science«, the editor did not mind having a bought-and-sold section in his journal.4 And the Erbstein brothers, authors of major auction catalogs, were museum directors. There were no conflicts at the time between academics and the collecting world. – Robert Ball was a coin dealer in Berlin, first located at Andreasstraße 19 and later Wilhelmstraße 138. He founded his company in 1887, and published a catalog entitled Nummus. His own collection, dedicated to Medicina in Nummis, was sold in October 1905. The company was then taken over in 1913 by Johanna 1 This list is an attempt to give context to names quoted elsewhere in this volume. My original inspiration were the invaluable Grierson/Blackburn 1986 and Manville 2009. Unfortunately, the Verband der deutschen Münzenhändler was only created in 1952, so earlier research needs to rely on cross-checking a variety of sources, and is an incomplete survey: the subject deserves an entire book, in the spirit of Mark Westgarth’s Biographical Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Antique and Curiosity Dealers (2009). A major bibliographical resource is DONUM (the ANS library catalog), and the main bibliographies of numismatic catalogues are: Grierson 1966; Tietjen 1976; 1977; Peus 1980; Clain-Stefanelli 1985; Manville/Robertson 1986; Rossi 1999; Künker 2005; Rossi 2005; Lubeseder 2007 (Karl Lubeseder had written a list of Numismatic auction catalogues of the major German dealers and a few foreign German-language dealers [unpublished manuscript dated 1993], which has been lost by the Geldgeschichtliche Sammlung of the Kreissparkasse Cologne but of which a few photocopies survive); Spring 2009; M&M 2010; Buttrey 2016. As always, the most precious tool, when studying both the provenance of individual item and the functioning of the art market, are annotated catalogs. See Van Driessche 2015; Kolbe & Fanning, auction 142, 24 June 2016, lot 95. 2 See Mamroth 1953, 55–56. 3 When Giovanni Gorini wrote that the links between trade and research were extremely close until the late 1950s (Gorini 2010, 93), he meant this in opposition to the current debates between archaeologists and collectors/dealers, and not that scholarly dealers were more frequent then. On the contrary, merchants with a scholarly expertise have become more common in recent times, with examples such as Herbert Cahn, Stephen Album, Alan Walker and Christoph von Mosch. 4 See Barth 2002, 358. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 64 Grünthal, who continued the business as Robert Ball Nachfahren, started organizing auctions (ten were held between 1917 and 1934), and struck numerous medals during WWI. The firm closed in 1941.5 – Siegfried Ballin was a banker and coin dealer in Munich, Theatinerstraße 42.6 – Bamberger & Rosenberg were money changers in Berlin.7 – Julius Belmonte Jr. in Hamburg, Hohe Bleichen 11, published fixed-price lists from 1878 onwards (Ver- zeichnis verkäuflicher Münzen und Medaillen). He also organized public auctions, the catalogs of which were distributed for free, notably in September 1883 and October 1885.8 – Wilhelm Brand was a banker and coin dealer in Munich, Promenadeplatz 5.9 – S. W. Brandes was a money changer in Berlin.10 – Johann Burghart was listed by the Gnecchis as a coin dealer and money changer in Munich, Lind- wurmstraße 99. In fact, he worked for the Catholic church, and collected religious medals and coins struck by German mints from Charlemagne to Charles V. He was connected to several thefts, for which he was sentenced to jail.11 – Adolf-Emil Cahn (1840–1918) started as an apprentice to his father, a jeweller, and possibly to the nu- mismatists Leopold Hamburger und Bär (fig. 1). In 1874, he opened his own coin business, and immediately started publishing regular catalogs. Although he was the holder of a large inventory – notably of German Talers, he only began to organize auctions in October 189212. His sons, Julius Alfred Cahn (1871–1936) and Ludwig Theodor Cahn (1877–1924), started to work with their father in 1896 and later continued the family business.13 This company was taken over by Elisabeth Button (d. 1963) and her husband Ruprecht Georg Wolf (1916–1993), and renamed Frankfurter Münzhandlung. It was led by Anders Ringberg (d. 1996) from 1988 onwards, then by Helmut Stapf, and then sold in 1998 to the Union Bank of Switzerland – but it was closed in 2000. The sons of Ludwig Theodor Cahn, Erich Bernhard Cahn (1913–1993) and Herbert Adolph Cahn (1915–2002), who had previously worked alongside their mother Johanna (née Neuberger) (1881–1963) in the family business in Frankfurt, formed the company Münzhandlung Basel in 1934 – which 5 See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 10; Priese 2013, 207–209. 6 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 317 no. 2210; Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 7 See Dannenberg 1903, 3. 8 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 317 no. 2213. 9 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 318 no. 2219; Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 10 See Dannenberg 1903, 1. 11 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 216 no. 1233; 318 no. 2220. 12 Anonymous sale on 27 October 1892; Lalble collection on 27 November 1893; Grünert collection on 8 March 1897; Fellner collection on 17 October 1898; Von Heyden collection on 19 October 1898; Grote-Bardt-Greene collections on 17 April 1899; Lotholz-Grote-v.Brandenburg Ansbach collections on 14 May 1900; Hoffmann collection on 17 October 1900; etc. 13 Addresses: Zeil 17 (1874–1878), Eschersheimer Landstraße 36 (1878–1892), Niedenau 55 (1892–1935), Westendstraße 71 (1935–c.1945), Westendstraße 46 (c. 1945–1958), Freiherr-vom-Steinstraße 9, Ulmenstraße 30, Große Bockenheimer Straße 44 (1990–1998), Friedensstraße 6–10 (1998–2000). See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 318 no. 2222; Cahn 1981, 136–137; Barth 2001, 55; Kaiser 2006, 132–133. Marianne Kreikenbom is currently writing a study of the Cahn family. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 65 was succeeded by Münzen und Medaillen A.G. (also known as Monnaies et Médailles). Following the rise of Nazism, and the death of her husband Julius Cahn in 1936, Emma (née Hartmann) (1882–1969) emigrated to London, joined Spink and then became responsible for foreign coins at Seaby’s. – Richard Julius Erbstein (1838–1907) and Heinrich Albert Erbstein (1840–1890) were the children of Julius Theodor Erbstein (1803–1882), archivist of the city of Dresden who wrote the auction catalog for the November 1838 sale of the von Zehmen collection, and the grandsons of the numismatist Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Erbstein (1757–1836) (fig. 2). They worked for the Germanisches Museum in Nuremberg, published numerous catalogs of coin collections, and later became directors of the Grünes Gewölbe (Julius) and the Königliches Münzkabinett (Albert) in Dresden. They wrote the catalogs of the sales of the Isaak von Peyer collection in September 1863, the Carl Rolas du Rosey collection in September 1863, the C. Knoll collection in 1866, the Schulthess Rechberg Taler collection (1868–1869), the coins of Karl Emanuel Schellhass (1870–1871), the duplicates of the Dresden cabinet in May 1875, and the Engelhardt collection in several auctions held from 1888 until 1903. They also issued some fixed-priced lists (one is known from 1870), but their obituaries refer to no commercial activity, so it must be assumed that they only acted as experts/catalogers for the auctions that bear their names.14 – Otto von Eyb was a dealer in Munich, Schwanthalerstraße 4, but also worked as a copperplate engraver as well as a curator, notably remembered for his 1875 study of the coinage of Munich.15 – Carl Fieweger (1816–1883) had first been appointed in 1847 as Academy professor in Jassy (Molda- via), which is why – in a now-lost caricature – Alfred von Sallet called him and Theodor Mommsen »the professors«. Nevertheless, according to an employee of the Berlin coin cabinet, he »was considered particularly ignorant«. He had moved to Berlin in 1852, as coin expert and dealer, and held auctions in September 1867 (Zagorski collection), in April 1868 (von Saurma-Jeltsch collection), in September 1869 (the catalog of which was written by Eugen Pistorius), in May 1870, and in 1876–1877 (the important collection of Paul Henckel described by Adolph Weyl). His own collection of satirical medals was auctioned in April 1885 by his son Charles Fieweger (c. 1852–1885).16 – Flörsheim was a banker and money changer in Hamburg, known to have dealt in coins as well, with whom Henry Seligmann (1880–1933) trained from 1896 until 1903. – Fränkel & Selz were bankers and coin dealers in Munich, Maffeistraße 7.17 14 Julius’ collection was sold in 6 parts by Adolph Hess Nachf. (1908–1911), see Durand 1865, 66; Hejzlar 1988; Arnold 1990. 15 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 319 no. 2235; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242; 250. 16 His surname was occasionally spelt Vieweger, and nicknamed »Vieh«. The Saurma-Jeltsch auction is the first-ever coin catalog to be illustrated with photographs. Charles Fieweger vigorously criticized his competitor Adolph Weyl, denigrating the catalog that he had written for the sale of the duplicates of the Berlin museum in November 1887 (see Priese 2013, 197); nevertheless, after his premature death, it was Weyl who auctioned in August 1885 the Verzeichnis der von Herrn C. Fieweger hinterlassenen Münzen und Medaillen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. See Erman 1929, 135; 136; Barth 2012, 410–411; Priese 2013, 196–197. 17 See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 66 – Julius Friedrich was a coin dealer in Munich, active in 1887.18 – Carl Friedrich Gebert (1855–1919) was a baker by training, and took over his father’s Nuremberg bakery in 1873, but he sold it in 1876 and started a business as a coin dealer and money changer. He headed the Bayerische numismatische Gesellschaft from its creation in 1881 until 1897 (the name was changed to Verein für Münzkunde in 1883), and was publisher of the Numismatische Mittheilungen since 1882 – which he distributed for free. His own writings are extensive, notably his 1890 Geschichte der Münzstätte der Reichsstadt Nürnberg. The auction which he organized in March 1884 was the first of many. He was dying when he held his 155th and last auction in May 1919. In 1899, he was joined by his only son Ludwig Friedrich Gebert (1876–1959), who, despite the building’s complete destruction by a bomb in January 1945, was able to keep his father’s business going until the 1950s.19 – Ernst Gotthelf Gersdorf (1804–1874), who worked as a librarian in Dresden 1826–1833 and then in Leipzig, was in charge of the publication of the Blätter für Münzfreunde with C. G. Thieme, and he organized the April 1871 auction in Leipzig of the Carl Heinrich Haase collection.20 – Georg Friedrich Geuder was an antiquities dealer in Nuremberg, Rathausplatz 7.21 – August Grethen was a jeweller and coin dealer in Hannover.22 – Hugo Griebert was a dealer in Berlin.23 – M. Grundner was a banker, money changer and dealer in coins and medals – especially from Bavaria, Salzburg and surrounding areas, based in Bahnhofstraße, Reichenhall (Bavaria).24 – Ernst Ferd. Grünert was a dealer, publisher of fixed-price coin lists which were distributed for free, based in Mainz, Kaiserstraße 99.25 – Heinrich Gottlob/Georg Gutekunst (1832–1914) opened a gallery in Stuttgart in 1864 – specializing in drawings and prints, which is still active in Bern under the name Galerie Kornfeld.26 He held a coin auction on 14 September 1885.27 18 See Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 19 The achievements of the family firm were celebrated in a series of medals (listed in Erlanger 1985). His grandson, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Gebert (1917–1944), had also trained as a numismatist, but died during the war on the Eastern front, and the business ended with Ludwig Friedrich. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 319 no. 2239; Hackl 1988a; 1988b; Barth 2001, 57; Barth 2002, 370–371. 20 Lülfing 1964. 21 Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 319 no. 2240. 22 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 37. 23 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 10. 24 Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 319 no. 2243. 25 He is probably the »C. F. Grunert« whose collection was auctioned by Cahn on 8 March 1897. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 319 no. 2244. 26 Interestingly, although Gutekunst auctioned Seyffer’s art collection in 1897, and his medal collection in October 1903, it was Eugen Merzbacher who sold his coins in 1891. 27 His own collection was sold by Heß in 1881 and 1886, and by Hirsch in 1912. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 227 no. 1331. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 67 – Guttentag & Cie was a coin dealership in Breslau, Am Rathhause 23.28 – Julius Hahlo (1832–1892) was the owner of a banking/currency changing business in Berlin, Unter den Linden 41 from 1878 (fig. 3). He held his first auction in February 1886 – which counted as the issue 9 of his fixed-price coin list entitled Berliner Münz-Verkehr (sent on request, from October 1882 onward). According to Adolf Erman, »The Hahlo was considered equally dubious [as E. von Wasserschleben], a small money changer named >Hahlo baron of scoundrel’s stone< on the stock exchange [Baron von Halunkenstein]. He had his business Unter den Linden, and thanks to his activity he frequently had the chance to buy new finds«..29 He was succeeded by his son, Siegfried Hahlo (d. 1902), who restricted the activity exclusively to coin dealing in Linienstraße.30 – Leopold Hamburger (1836–1902) was born in Hanau, in a Sephardic family that moved from Portugal, first to Hamburg and then to southern Hessen. From 1850 onward, he trained for nearly 10 years in a Munich bank. He then started as a mineralogy dealer, before creating his numismatic firm in 1861, moving it to Frankfurt in 1864, at first in partnership with the book and antiques dealer Hermann Joseph Baer (1811–1881) with whom he organized his first auction in August 1871. In 1875, Leopold’s cousin, Leo Hamburger (1846– 1929), entered the business. They published the Allgemeine numismatische Blätter from 1865 onward.31 Leopold was later followed by his son Joseph Hamburger, and Leo, in turn, was succeeded by his relatives Felix Schlessinger and David Nussbaum. Schlessinger left to create his own firm in Berlin, but Nussbaum was joined by his son Hans Nussbaum – who later worked from the offices of Bank Leu in Zurich.32 I have not identified Adolph Hamburger, in Frankfurt, from whom von Schäffer kept a visiting card, and from whom he made some acquisitions in April 1885. – Johann Matthias Heberle (1775–1840) was a printer who extended his business into antiques dea- 28 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 15. 29 Erman 1929, 136. 30 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2246; Forrer/Fischer 1897, 10; Stückelberg 1899, 230; Mamroth 1953, 55–56; Priese 2013, 247–248. 31 Leopold Hamburger, who owned an important collection of Judean coins (like Eugen Merzbacher), was heavily involved with the Zionist movement. An interest in both mineralogy and numismatics was shared by the museum curator Alfred von Sallet (1842– 1897). A purchase note dated July–August 1877, at the back of a »L. Hamburger« visiting-card, with an additional »L. & L.« by hand (and the address), indicates that it took the firm some time to replace their stationery. Another Hamburger visiting card, with a list of purchases dated 3 May 1882, is accurately printed: »L. & L. Hamburger. Numismatisches Etablissement. Frankfurt a. M. Uhlandstraße 56«. In May 1906, a press clipping by Joseph Hamburger notes Mrs. M. Loewen as their Berlin representative, Hafenplatz 3. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2247; Erman 1929, 130; Cahn 1981, 137–138; 153; Petry 1998. 32 Bank Leu was founded in 1758 by Johann Jacob Leu, who later became the mayor of Zurich. State-owned at first, the bank was privatized in 1798 after Napoleon’s conquest of Switzerland. Despite its glorious past, notably as bankers to Empress Maria Theresa, the bank suffered greatly from two insider-trading scandals in the 1980s, and in 1990 it merged with Credit Suisse, before being merged into the even larger Clariden Leu bank in 2007. Hans Nussbaum fled to Switzerland in 1933, and took refuge in Zurich, where he was given the use of a small office in the building of Bank Leu, using it until his death in an airplane accident in 1939. A numismatic department was created in 1949, when the bank hired Leo Mildenberg (1913–2001) at the suggestion of Jacob Hirsch and another director of the bank. From the 1950s onward, the Bank Leu co-organized numismatic auctions with Hess, and in 1971 they started to hold sales under their name alone. In 1992, the department was renamed Leu Numismatik, and it separated from the bank in 2005 – under the new direction of Heiner Stotz – and became LHS Numismatik Ltd. (which closed in 2011). Several important numismatists joined the ranks of Bank Leu over the years, among the more famous being Silvia Hurter (1933–2008) and Alan Walker (b. 1948). H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 68 ling and auctioneering – creating a generalist firm in Cologne, which was then taken over by his apprentice Heinrich Lempertz (1816–1898). Several numismatic auctions took place there, from 1860 (Sibylle Mertens-Schaaffhausen's collection) onward.33 – Jacob/Jakob Hecht and E. von Krakau sold at auction the Wiebke collection (February 1898) and the Nathan collection (November 1900) in Hamburg. – J. Heinhold was a dealer in Munich, Pfandhausstraße 5, who kept a large inventory of coins from all periods and countries. He founded the Sammler, a guide for collectors.34 – Otto Helbing (1859–1923) was the son of Sigmund Helbing (1821–1895), a banker and antiques dea- ler in Munich who opened his numismatic business in 1878. He published his first list in 1886, and published only a single issue of the fixed-price list Numismatisches Correspondenzblatt in 1887, before organizing his first auction in May 1888. Otto Helbing was joined in business by his nephews, Moritz Hirsch (d. 1914) and Heinrich Hirsch (1868-1941) in 1900, and he retired in 1912. Heinrich Hirsch escaped from Germany – his citizenship was revoked in 1939 and his properties confiscated, and the business was taken over by Karl Kress (1892–1969) and then by his widow. The business was continued by a new owner, Horst Oswald, 1973–1986.35 Otto’s brother, Hugo Helbing (1863–1938), was an important art dealer in Munich, who organized numerous auctions of coins and medals between 1891 and 1933. He also conducted the Otto Bally auction in May 1910 with Jacob Hirsch. His license was cancelled in 1933 by the Nazis,36 Moritz’s son, Gerhard Hirsch (1903–1982) joined the business, and created a subsidiary in Prague in 1937: he had to close it in 1939, and was made prisoner, but he survived the war and started a new coin business in 1953 under his own name.37 Von Schäffer kept two letters, one from 8 November 1882 by »Otto Helbing Numismatiker München«, one from 10 March 1883 by »Sigmund Helbing Antiquités Dentelles Anciennes Curiosités Monnaies & Médailles Theatinerstraße 34 München«. In the former, Otto Helbing writes that he has learnt that von Schäffer collects coins, and would like to know what he is collecting in order to send him offers (he also asked whether he has addresses of other collectors to give him). Von Schäffer noted that he did not reply to this. The letter by Sigmund Helbing was similar, to ask whether he could send him Greek coins on approval, which von Schäffer agreed to on 12 February (March?) 1883. – Adolf Hess (1846–1912) established himself in 1870 in Gießen, and moved to Frankfurt two years later.38 He was the organizer of numerous public auctions, beginning in September 1875. As early as February 33 See Schnorrenberg 1906. 34 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2249. 35 A nephew of Adolph Cahn, Willy Schwabacher (1897–1972), worked for Otto Helbing Nachf. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2250; Cahn 1981, 138–139; Barth 2001, 56; Barth 2002, 370. 36 See Hopp 2012, 71–103. 37 The firm is still active under the name »Gerhard Hirsch Nachf.«. 38 In fact, Heß had a difficult start in the business, because in Udine he bought a large collection from Luigi Cigoi (1811–1875), which he brought to Vienna in November 1870 – only to find out that they were forgeries (see Reitmann 1946, 102). A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 69 1871, he published a fixed-price list entitled Autographierte Numismatische Correspondenz. The company was sold in 1893/94 to Louis Hamburger and his son-in-law James Belmonte (1855–1924).39 Adolph Hess Nachfolger was joined by Herman Feith (1876–1940) in 1910, and in 1929 by Herman Rosenberg (1896– 1970) and Dr. Busso Peus (1902–1983). Ownership of the company was transferred to Peus in 1934, and the firm took his name in 1938. Peus lost his license to operate in 1943, but obtained it back after the war. The company was then sold in 1967 to Dieter Raab (1938–2015) and Peter Nikolaus Schulten (1936–2016).40 Under the direction of Rosenberg, a branch of the company opened in Lucerne (Switzerland) in 1931, and this Swiss company was named Adolph Hess AG in 1933. – Karl Wilhelm Hiersemann (1854–1928) trained as a bookdealer (including 4 ½ years in London), and then became a bookdealer and antiques dealer (and later publisher) in 1884 in Leipzig, Turnerstraße 1. He organized several coin auctions, and the company published over 650 fixed-priced lists until 1930. In 1920, his son Anton Hiersemann (1891–1969) joined him, and the business moved to Stuttgart after WWII.41 – Heinrich Hirsch (1820–1886) was a coin dealer in Munich and Rome. He began work, most probably in the mid-1840s, with an informal start from home. In the words of his recent biographers, Hirsch was »a passionate collector and connoisseur, [who] began to earn his living by buying and selling coins and medals primarily as a marchand amateur. Successfully building and maintaining trustful relationships to his clients through personal visits and postal correspondence, he refrained from publishing printed coin catalogues and advertisements. […] A resident of Munich and Rome for many years, he became familiar with various German and Italian scholars and artists, dealers and collectors«. 42 Some of Hirsch’s coins were auctioned in Milan in April 1888 by Giulio Sambon, in 3843 lots. The rest of his collection (and/or unsold inventory) formed the contents of the first two catalogues by his nephew Jacob Hirsch (1874–1955), in January and October 1898.43 Jacob Hirsch had studied at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Rome, before opening his own shop in Munich in 1897 – in his uncle’s apartment. He later moved to Lucerne in 1919, and by 1922 had founded the firm Ars Classica, then moved to New York to open a business in 1931.44 After the war, he was notably in 39 The catalog Peus 1980 notes as catalogs nr. 1 and nr. 2 the lists Autographirte numismatische Correspondenz (1871, 2 issues) and Numismatische Correspondenz (1872–1877, 4 issues). James Belmonte was not related to Leopold & Leo Hamburger, nor to Julius Belmonte Jr. – Addresses: Bethmannstraße 6, Westendstraße 7, Mainzer Landstraße 49 (1898–1941), Schubertstraße 1 (1941–1956), Neuhaußstraße 13 (1956–1970), Bornwiesenweg 34 (since 1970). See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2251; Erman 1929, 137; Cahn 1981, 139–141; Hahn 1989; Döpper 1991; Barth 2001, 55; Kolbe 2002; Kaiser 2006, 132; Möller 2006, 31; Priese 2013, 238–240; 246. 40 Hermann Feith later had his own company in Berlin, Schlüterstraße 27 (founded in January 1908), publishing fixed-price lists. Herman Rosenberg was the son of Sally Rosenberg (d. c. 1936), a coin dealer in Frankfurt (active 1899–1935), whose brother H. S. Rosenberg was a coin dealer in Hannover (both held their first auctions in 1899). 41 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2252; Olbrich 1972. 42 Barth/Pegan 2015, 315. 43 The third catalog, in October 1899, also likely contained coins from Heinrich Hirsch. The 1898 lists totalled 4,111 lots, and the 1889 list contained 2,817 lots. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2254; Stückelberg 1899, 230; Erman 1929, 137. 44 In his obituary, Leo Mildenberg indicates that Hirsch also opened a shop in Paris in 1935, but this seems surprising considering that he had had one there before WWI, the contents of which were confiscated and ordered to be sold at auction (»Zwangsversteigerung«). I am grateful to Matthias Barth for the information. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 70 charge of the dispersal of the collection of Frédéric Robert Jameson (1861–1942). Though ancient coins formed the great majority of his inventory, Jacob Hirsch also handled antiquities. After his death, several anonymous auctions of his inventory were held by Hess & Leu.45 Heinrich Hirsch visited Stuttgart on numerous occasion, meeting with both Seyffer and von Schäffer. – Ludwig Höfling was a coin dealer in Munich, active in 1887.46 – Robert Jungfer was a coin dealer active in Danzig (Gdańsk) since at least 1868, who moved to Berlin in 1872, Wilhelmstraße 144a. According to Adolf Erman, who knew of him c. 1880, »The Jungfer had a bad reputation; he was an important person for small collectors, and he even published a small magazine; but he was banned from the coin cabinet«. Hermann Dannenberg remembered »the brothers Jungfer, the eldest of which – who would call himself >Münzbold< – collected eagerly Polish and German Ordenmünzen«. Robert’s brother was Adolf Jungfer (Jägerstraße 38, Berlin), who was distributor of the catalog for the sale on 15 June 1863 of duplicates from the Königliches Münzkabinet zu Berlin, and whose collection was auctioned posthumously by Weyl in September 1889.47 Jungfer sent several parcels to von Schäffer, the earliest one documented dated 29 March 1879, and the final one on 20 December 1886. – Hugo Klein was an antique and coin dealer in Dresden, Waisenhausstraße 24, who published catalogs.48 – Carl Körmes was a coin dealer in Leipzig, Thomasgasse 6.49 – Kroner was said to sell junk in Berlin.50 – E. Landauer was a banker and coin dealer in Munich, Maffeistraße 1.51 – Pastor Johann Jakob Leitzmann (1798–1877) from Tunzenhausen (bei Weissensee in Thüringen) was not a dealer, but he wrote the catalog for two important auctions: in Erfurt in February 1828, the sale of the collection of Dr. Gottfried Christoph Beireis (1730–1809), and in Leipzig in August 1853, the sale of the coin cabinet of the city library.52 He was the founder and editor of the Numismatische Zeitung 1834–1873, and a prolific author – whose bibliography of numismatic publications for the years 1800–1866 is still used. Leitzmann was not rich, but he nevertheless built an interesting library, which was acquired by Otto’sche Buchhandlung (Erfurt) and sold in their catalogue 235 (1878). He also formed an exceptionally large coin collection, mostly from the Middle 45 An employee of Jacob Hirsch was Philipp Lederer (1872–1944), who then moved to Leipzig before opening his own firm in Berlin around 1911, but had to emigrate to Switzerland in 1938. See Spring 2009, 133–134; Priese 2013, 252. 46 Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 47 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 320 no. 2258; Dannenberg 1903, 8; Erman 1929, 136. 48 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 321 no. 2261. 49 Edelmann 1862, 478. 50 Dannenberg 1903, 8. 51 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54. 52 The catalog of this 1853 auction was reprinted in 1854 with the list of prices realized – which may be the first case of printed priced auction catalog in the numismatic world. It is also worth noting that the introduction to the 1828 catalog was dated »den 1. Mai 1827«: the catalog was done nearly a year in advance. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 71 Ages, comprising about 23,600 examples which were auctioned in about 5,200 lots by C. C. Thieme (Leipzig) in October 1880.53 – Karl Loichinger was a banker and coin dealer active in 1887–1897 in Munich, Neuhauserstraße 28.54 – W. Ed. H. Luckenbach based in Krefeld (Rheinprovinz), was a coin dealer who issued at least 5 fixed-price lists up until 1908.55 – G. Marschner was a dealer in Berlin, Hagelsbergerstraße 17.56 – Meckauer was an antique and coin dealer in Breslau, Schweidnitzerstraße 11.57 – Meidner was a banker and coin dealer in Berlin, Unter den Linden.58 – The brothers Moppert were coin dealers in Baden-Baden, Lichtenthalerstraße 1.59 – Georg Mössel was an antiquities dealer in Nuremberg, where he co-founded the Verein für Münzkunde Nürnberg, and later in Munich where he held an auction on 19–21 October 1887.60 – Julius Naue (1833–1907) is documented as a painter and an archaeologist (specialist in Bronze Age swords), but he also acted as the Munich subsidiary of the Athenian antiquities dealer Lambros – as agent for the sale of a Boeotian vase. His own collection of antiquities was dispersed by Helbing in May 1908.61 In 1882, von Schäffer bought coins from Lambros through Naue. – Emil Neustätter was a coin dealer active in 1886 in Munich, Promenadeplatz 17, who issued his first list in 1898.62 – The Numismatische Gesellschaft zu Dresden organized auctions (sales nr. 2 in 1896 and nr. 6 in 1904), some of which were under the direction of Thieme. – Nathan Abraham Oberndörffer (1760–1829) was – from 1780 – a jeweller in Ansbach, who issued lists of coins and medals for sale in January and July 1825 after being joined in business by his children Samson Nathan Oberndörffer (1791–1866) and Joseph Nathan Oberndörffer (1793–1866) (fig. 4). Samson Nathan published a fixed-price list in 1841, and Joseph Nathan one in 1854.63 The youngest son of 53 Stenzel 1883; Steinecke 1977. 54 See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 55 See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 18. 56 At this address were registered an »G. Marschner«, coin dealer, and an »F. Marschner« collecting 17th–18th century German coins. See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 9–10. 57 Listed in Forrer/Fischer 1897, 15, with the initial »R«. An 1895 addressbook for Schlesien gives the initials »E« and »F«. 58 Listed in Mamroth 1953, 55, as being active in 1885. 59 See Forrer/Fischer 1897, 5. 60 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 322 no. 2278. 61 CVA Berlin 11 (2009) 39 pl. 34 (inv. nr. V.I.3974). Naue also wrote an essay on »Die Portraitdarstellung Alexanders des Grossen auf griechischen Münzen des Königs Lysimachus von Thracien« (in Zeitschrift für Numismatik 8, 1881, 29–53), see Ehling 2006. 62 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 322 no. 2279; Forrer/Fischer 1897, 54; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 63 Johan van Heesch found a notice, in the newspaper L’indépendance belge of 21 November 1851, in which J.-N. Oberndorffer advertised that he had just arrived in Brussels, with a valuable coin collection, and that he would stay a week at the Hôtel de Flandre. This is a glimpse into the life of traveling-dealers, such as Heinrich Hirsch – as seen in von Schäffer’s and Seyffer’s correspondance. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 72 Nathan Abraham, Maier Oberndörffer (1801–1849), was associated with his brothers until June 1845, when he returned to Ansbach to manage the family business. He then opened a competing business in Munich, Kaufingerstraße 15, publishing a fixed-price list in 1846. This company was later managed by his widow Ernestine (1800–1859), and then inherited by their sons Nathan Oberndörffer (1834–1915), Hartwig Oberndörffer (1835–1863) and Adolph Oberndörffer (1838–1925). Another son of Nathan Abraham, Joel Nathan Oberndörffer (1799–1843) established a bank and coin business, in Munich in October 1828. After his death, his two elder brothers took over the firm. Joseph Nathan Oberndörffer went to Vienna, establishing a local branch of the firm which became very successful and existed until 1862. A son of Joseph Nathan Oberndörffer, Adolf Oberndörffer (1823–1894), worked at first with his father in the Vienna company, before opening his own business in the same town. But then he moved, first acting as a coin dealer in Paris 1865–1869, and then in Munich, and then again in Hamburg in the late 1870s.64 In 1862, Abraham Merzbacher (1812–1885), who was Joseph Nathan’s son-in-law since 1844, became part-owner of the business.65 When Samson died in 1866, Abraham became the manager of the firm with another relative, Max von Wilmersdörffer (1824–1903), both nephew and son-in-law of Joel Nathan since 1849, who had started working for the family in 1841.66 Abraham Merzbacher retired in January 1873, hoping to concentrate on his study of the Talmud, but by then the family firm stopped trading in coins and focused on banking. As a result, Abraham opened his own coin shop in 1873, and it was inherited by his son Eugen Merzbacher (1845–1903) – who in turn left it in 1902 to his nephew (and employee) Franz Szkolny and to August Herzfelder (formerly shareholder in the bank and coin business of Emil Neustätter), who ran it as Dr. Eugen Merzbacher Nachfolger until at least 1933.67 The firm issued lists (attested for February and October 1883, and again from December 1897 onward), and they held auctions from April 1886 until 1921. Seyffer wrote of »Oberdörffer« (without N) in his letters of September 1868, and so did von Schäffer in 64 Adolph Oberndörffer advertised with the address »Paris 8, Cité Guillard près rue Blanche« in Numismatische Zeitung 33 (2) of January 1866, 16; see Oppelt 1992, n. 34). 65 Abraham – trained as a rabbi – had joined the Oberndörffer’s household as tutor for their eldest son (Adolf 1823–1894), but then fell in love with their eldest daughter. The Oberndörffer brothers did not want a rabbi in their family, as the position was not remunerative enough, but they appreciated Merzbacher’s education, so he was sent to Paris to train with Charles Louis Rollin (1777– 1853). Rollin had started as a money changer in the Palais-Royal (Paris), but had soon specialized in collectible coins. With his son Claude Camille (1813–1883), he moved to 12 rue Vivienne – opposite the Bibliothèque royale, and the business then passed into the hands of Charles Rollin (1843–1906), whose sister married Félix-Bienaimé Feuardent (1819–1907), an excellent numismatist, under whose direction the company moved to the nearby 4 place Louvois (the other side of the Bibliothèque). The business was then inherited by the three Feuardent sons, who renamed the firm as Feuardent Frères in 1911. The business closed in 1936. The company published numerous books, and the Revue numismatique (from 1842 to 1936), which gave them prime access to every important collector of the time. There is uncertainty in the Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd edition, vol. 14, 73): Merzbacher did not take over Rollin & Feuardent. 66 A royal general consul of Saxony, he is principally remembered for his collection of coins from the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and of hommes célèbres medals – sold by Joseph Hamburger in several auctions 1905–1909. With the departure of Abraham Merzbacher, Max von Wilmersdörffer became the sole owner of the Oberndörffer bank, which his son Theodor (1858–1936) inherited. In 1907, August Schneider became the manager of the firm, and it merged in 1920 with the Bankgeschäft Georg Münzing – forming the bank Schneider & Münzing, which survived until 1985. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 217 no. 1251; 325 no. 2320; Wilmersdörffer 1919; Anonym 1939; Oppelt 1992, 39; Barth/Pegan 2015, 236–237. 67 See Perles 1885, 11 (his library »contained over 160 manuscripts, more than 5000 Hebraica and numerous Judaica«); Erman 1929, 137; Reitmann 1946, 100–101; Oppelt 1992; Moser/Winkler 1995; Szkolny; Barth/Pegan 2015, 234–238. I am most grateful to Rolf Hofmann for providing me with a copy of the original German typescript of Szkolny. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 73 his reply; Seyffer spelt it again the same way in a letter dated February 1869, and he wrote of »H. Oberdörffer in München« in May 1870. Von Schäffer received letters from Eugen Merzbacher (written on his father’s letterhead). And von Schäffer bought coins from »Oberndörffer in Paris«, i.e. Adolf (1823–1894), which had been sent to Otto Seyffer. These are, in fact, two separate companies, founded by a complex family having had numerous coin businesses.68 – Eugen Pistorius was a coin dealer from Zerbst (Sachsen-Anhalt), who was in contact with a number of important international collectors such as Bottacin, and co-wrote an auction catalog for a sale organized by Carl Fieweger.69 After 1866 he moved to Berlin, and had far-away business connections, including in Australia. – Edmund Rappaport (1845–1914) founded his company in 1872 in Berlin. He published list of coins for sale occasionally (one is known from February 1885), before publishing the monthly Das numismatische Offerten-Blatt from 1893 onward. He was succeeded by his son Erich Rappaport (1877–1943), and their firm moved frequently in the city.70 Erich emigrated to London, with his wife and daughter, in August 1939. Father and son organized 25 auctions, between 1901 and 1928.71 On 13 April 1886, von Schäffer bought the Taler no. 619 in Rappaport’s third catalogue. – J. Rotermundt was an antique dealer in Nuremberg, Maximilianum-Museum Burgstraße 4.72 – Sachs & Edinger was named by Dannenberg as a silver foundry in Berlin.73 »The fact many coins go to a silver-foundry is still the case today [i.e. 2013]. The owners sell the suitable pieces directly to collectors, without establishing an actual coin business.«74 – Gustav Salomon held auctions in June 1887, March 1888 and November 1889 in Dresden; and Bruno Salomon in November 1893, October 1894 and April 1898. – Franz von Schlechtleitner was a jeweller and coin dealer in Dresden, An der Annenkirche, specialized in St. George Talers.75 – Felix Joel Schlessinger (1879–1944) born in Mainz, started his numismatic career at Hamburger in Frankfurt (he was a family member), before moving to Berlin where he contributed to several auctions by Ro- 68 The links of the Oberndörffer family with the Munich coin trade cannot be underestimated, as they are also related to the bank Aufhäuser (Hauck & Aufäuser since 1998) whose numismatic department was taken over by Künker in 2010: a sister of Samson and Joel Nathan Oberndörffer was the grandmother of Rosa, wife of Heinrich Aufhäuser who had trained at Oberndörffer before founding his own bank with Friedrich Michael Hauck. See Durand 1865, 145 (portrait medal of Samson Oberndörffer). 69 His co-author in 1869, Theodor Stenzel (1824–1894), was in charge of the coin cabinet in Dessau, see Stenzel/Pistorius 1869; Boaretto 2015. 70 Addresses: Kochstraße 52 (1885); Hallesche Straße 18 (1893); Lutherstraße 9 (1911); Dessauer Straße 1 (1913); Derfflinger Straße 2 (1924); Augsburgerstraße 43 (1934); Düsseldorferstraße 43 (1938). 71 The Rappaport library was auctioned by Jacques Schulman on 4 February 1947. Nowadays, examples of Rappaport’s catalogues are very rare indeed, as is proved by the study of Kolbe (& Fanning) catalogs over the past decades. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 322 no. 2288; Mamroth 1953, 59; Priese 2013, 205–207. 72 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 323 no. 2291. 73 See Dannenberg 1903, 3. 74 Priese 2013, 255. 75 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 323 no. 2296; Forrer/Fischer 1897, 22. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 74 bert Ball and then organized his own auctions – 13 of them from 1928 until 1935. He emigrated to Holland in 1936, where he sold the Crona collection in October 1937, but did not escape Nazism and died in Auschwitz.76 – W. Schmidt was a coin dealer in Berlin, Fürbingerstraße 31.77 – E. Schubert was a coin dealer in Leipzig, Arndtstraße 30.78 – Eugen Seligmann was a coin dealer in Frankfurt, Bibergasse 8 and later Untermainanlage 8, who pub- lished fixed-price lists (attested from March 1889 until February 1910). – Sinn & Co was a banker and coin dealer in Munich, Weinstraße 7.79 – Andreas Sporrer was a coin dealer in Straubing (Bavaria).80 – Carl Gustav Thieme (1824–1893) after training, started the factory Dittrich und Thieme in Leipzig in 1846 – making trimmings, and gold and silver embroidery. A silent partner replaced Dittrich when the firm dissolved in 1854, and the firm Thieme & Fuchs was created, a factory producing gold and silver wire, yarn goods, and playing-cards. Thieme had collected coins as a youth – and he owned some 40,000 copper coins at the time of his death. He started trading in numismatics in 1863, selling coins on consignment from clients (as he advertised in a printed letter). Thieme was the publisher of the Blätter für Münzfreunde from 1865 onward81, and of fixed-priced lists entitled Numismatischer Verkehr from 1863 until 1914 (these could offer over 10,000 coins a year). In October 1876, the firm organized its first auction, and by 1900 it moved to Dresden.82 Von Schäffer was a subscriber to the Blätter für Münzfreunde beginning in 1866, and he wrote to Thieme to order coins from his Numismatischer Verkehr – for example in 1873.83 There is also an invoice from »Gold & Silberdraht & Gespinnstwaaren-Fabrik Thieme & Fuchs, Leipzig, Universitätsstraße No. 2« to von Schäffer, dated 13 October 1868. Thieme sent von Schäffer a printed advertisement for an auction in Leipzig on 22 November 1869, the catalog from which he ordered on 8 October. The catalogue had been composed by the owner of the coins, and could be had for 4 Neugroschen (= 50 centimes = 5 pence). The auctioneer was Mr. 76 Priese 2013, 211–212. 77 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 372. 78 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 46. 79 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 55. 80 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 69. 81 The title Blätter für Münzkunde had first been used 1834–1844 for a publication issued in Leipzig by Hermann Grote (1802– 1895). Grote, who became curator of the coin cabinet in Hannover, published his Münzstudien from 1855 until 1877, and his Numismatischer Anzeiger in 1868–1869. Those Blätter für Münzkunde were shown by Grote in April 1835 to Félicien Caignart de Saulcy (1807–1880) along with a manuscript letter in which he wrote that »I am not just a fanatic amateur but also, as a result of this inclination, the writer of a numismatic newspaper – the main goal of which is to put amateurs in contact with each other, and especially to put myself in contact with them« (quoted in Dumas 1987, 226). They inspired the creation of the scholarly Revue numismatique in 1836, but the stated goal of connecting dispersed collectors is significant, and there are parallels in von Schäffer’s collecting activity. 82 Thieme’s death notice indicates that he was »alleiniger Inhaber der Firmen Thieme & Fuchs und C. G. Thieme, Verlagsexpedition« (copy preserved in the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburger Totenzettel, inv. nr. 63/T 13.136). See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 324 no. 2303; Barth 2002, 361–362. 83 I am grateful to the librarian of the American Numismatic Society for checking their copies, and confirming that 2 issues of the Numismatischer Verkehr were published in January 1873, two more in April 1873, and two more in June 1873. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 75 H. Hartung, »auctioneer of the university«. And the lots could be viewed in the offices of Thieme from 8 to 13 November 1869, and no returns were accepted after the sale. In this context, the role played by Thieme is unclear: neither owner of the coins, nor auctioneer, nor expert. There is among von Schäffer’s archive a list of Medaillen, aus einer Auction erhalten durch Thieme & Fuchs, in Leipzig, dated 2/6 November 1872, so it seems that Thieme was acting as broker for collectors – bidding on their behalf. Thieme issued another printed letter, dated 1 January 1871, in which he advertised the forthcoming auction (to be held »after the war finished«) of the collection of coins and medals of the late Dr. Haase, and he was already taking orders for this catalog, priced at 16 Neugroschen.84 The fact that both advertisements are trilingual (German-English-French) suggests a very international trade, despite the politics of the time (advertising in French during the Franco-Prussian war is noteworthy). – Timpe was »a barber of the smallest kind who was, however, an honest man, and who even received from Rollin & Feuardent in Paris Greek coins [consigned] for sale«.85 – Heinrich Walte (1823–1891) was a former assistant to Herman Grote for his Numismatischer Anzeiger, from 1870 onward, who then published the Numismatische Literaturblatt from Hannover, Schiffgraben 17. He was listed as a dealer in 1886.86 – Felix Walter was a coin dealer in Charlottenburg bei Berlin, Ahorn-Allee 33.87 – Ernst von Wasserschleben (1862–1908) was a coin dealer in Berlin, Zimmerstraße 48 and later Moh- renstraße 53. Adolf Erman remembered that »Mr. v. Wasserschleben stood, in my time, in disrepute and only appeared to us in the stories of his colleagues, complaining about his manipulations«.88 By 1885, he had already published his sixth fixed-price catalog.89 – Theodor Oswald Weigel (1812–1881) was a bookdealer and auctioneer in Leipzig, where he had succee- ded his father Johann August Gottlob Weigel (1773–1846) in 1839. He held an auction on 11 June 1860, and he published several important books – including Alexandre Boutkowski’s numismatic dictionary. – Gustav Weise (1831–1913) was a publisher who also organized coin auctions in Görlitz (Prussia), Fi- schmarstraße 2.90 – Franz Josef Wesener (1822–1893) started his career in Berlin, Elisabethstraße 63, where he was an appraiser of coins and medals for the Royal courts – organizing auctions such as the collection of Prince Pless 84 The collector had been »vice-president of the court of appeals in this town« (i.e. Leipzig), and the collection consisted »of about 5000 pieces amidst which are many rare in gold and silver«. The auction did take place in April 1871, with a catalog of 242 pages and 7 plates listing 4,782 lots. 85 See Dannenberg 1903, 8; Erman 1929, 136 (quote). 86 Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 324 no. 2310; Barth 2002, 361. 87 Forrer/Fischer 1897, 373. 88 Erman 1929, 136. 89 His own collection of German coins was auctioned in February 1924 and September 1925 by Otto Helbing Nachf. See Gnecchi/ Gnecchi 1886, 324 no. 2311; Mamroth 1953, 56; Priese 2013, 257. 90 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 324 no. 2313. H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 76 in October 1865. He then moved to Vienna in 1874, where he cataloged the Minus and Preiss collections for the first sale by Brüder Egger. He moved again to Munich, Promenadeplatz 6, where he held the sale of the Carlo Morbio collection in October 1882 (he then died in Überlingen – on Lake Constance). He held several auctions in his own name, and he published lists in April-May 1883. He also dealt in antiquities, and sold some to Hermann von Wundt.91 Otto Seyffer, on 1 May 1870, referred to having bought coins from Mr. Wesener »in Berlin«. The firm, indeed, also had an office Hackescher Markt 1, Berlin, and Hermann Dannenberg wrote in his memoirs from Berlin of »der Tabakshändler Jos. Wesener«.92 – Adolf Weyl (1842–1901) began collecting Prussian coins as a teenager. In the 1860s he met Jules Fon- robert (1831–1879), whose immense collection he was later to auction. Fonrobert helped him develop his expertise – notably in Far Eastern coinage, and Weyl started trading in 1874 in Berlin. He was soon very active, holding numerous auctions from 1876 onward, such as that of the collection of Paul Henckel (1843–1875). By February 1893, he had already held his 125th sale, and organized about 300 auctions before his death. He published the Berliner Münzblätter from 1880 onward, and this publication was accompanied by the Numismatische Correspondenz, a scholarly/trade journal, which had replaced the twice-yearly fixed-price lists which he had published in 1879.93 »But he was too good-hearted and honest for this trade and, therefore, never made any progress. He too published a small magazine which brought him, however, only harm. Then his wife and his children died, he became destitute, and when I visited him later again, he had passed away: he had killed himself«.94 – Julius Widermann was a coin dealer in Dresden.95 – Albert Wild (1830–1896) was a banker in Munich, who is attested as coin dealer in 1886–1887, but seems to have been somewhat inactive. He became a priest and moved away in 1890, becoming a missionary in Africa and America – and dying in Cincinnati.96 91 Wesener’s departure from Berlin was the result of a scandal that arose after the June 1868 auction of the Schulthess-Rechberg collection, with the public denunciation of a second auction – organized among a ring of dealers consisting of the Egger brothers (from Pest and Vienna), Fieweger, Hamburger, Hirsch, Hoffmann (from Paris), Magnus (from Stockholm), Merzbacher, and Wesener himself. The total profit from this illegal practice would have amounted to an enormous sum: 3500 Talers. Wesener was not the only dealer to handle both coins and antiquities: it is also attested for Bonačić and the Hamburger family. See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2314; Dannenberg 1903, 8; Erman 1929, 137; Reitmann 1946, 104; Priese 2013, 195–196; Barth/Pegan 2015, 268–269. 92 Dannenberg wrote about »the tobacconist Jos. Wesener«, and Erman remembered that Weyl »was a poor Jewish cigar-worker«: is there some confusion, or were they really both working in the tobacco business? Being a tobacco dealer, as well as a numismatist, is unusual, but other multitasking dealers are known, such as William Elliot Woodward (1825–1892) who was active in Boston as a pharmacist, a real-estate agent, and a coin dealer (see Davis 1992; Barth 2012, 390), and George Massamore (1845–1898) who was not just a coin dealer in Baltimore, but also a dentist. 93 Such lists, which began more than ten years before Spink’s Numismatic Circular, and which contained coins for sale at fixed-prices, were an excellent tool for staying in touch with collectors who lived far from Berlin such as von Schäffer. Weyl relinquished the editorship of the Berliner Münzblätter in 1898, and the publication was taken over in 1901 by another Berlin coin dealer, Rudolf Kube (1860–1929). Kube, who had published his first fixed-price list in 1897, struck numerous miniature medals during WWI. He organized 13 auctions from 1906 until 1918, and the business was then taken over by Dr. T. Hoffmann (active 1918–1926). 94 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2315; Erman 1929, 136–137 (quote); Mamroth 1953, 56–57; Barth 2002, 372–373; Priese 2013, 198–204 (Weyl); 210–211 (Kube). 95 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2317. 96 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2318; Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 77 – Gustav Willing was a coin dealer in Magdeburg, Grosse Mühlenstraße 13.97 – C. Winter was a coin dealer in Chemnitz.98 – Karl Zischank was a coin dealer in Munich, active in 1887.99 – Carl Christian Zschiesche (1819–1885) started his career making metal buttons in Leipzig. In October 1855, he founded an antiques dealership with the shopkeeper Carl Eduard Köder (c. 1820–1880) (fig. 5). After Köder’s death, Zschiesche hired an attorney to assist him, Georg Alexander Werner, who later took over. The firm published fixed-price coin lists from 1862 until at least May 1910 (Verzeichnis No. 127). Their main activity shifted in the 1860s from numismatics to philately, but coins became a priority again under Werner’s direction. The company was finally dissolved on Christmas Eve, 1910, and their numismatic inventory auctioned by Helbing in 1911–1913.100 In 1861 they were joined by Carl Christian’s nephew, Ferdinand Carl Alwin Zschiesche (1843–1929), who later opened his own antiques shop (Bahnhofstraße 2, Leipzig) in April 1867 and closed it in October 1881. This list of 77 coin firms reveals a wide disparity between dealers, with a correlation between family wealth and in the level of education (several had university doctorates). While a great number of them were bankers and money changers, some had more working class backgrounds, such as baker or tobacco factory worker. A great number were Jews, though not all – among the list is also an evangelical pastor.101 Their financial successes fluctuated greatly, as did the importance of their respective collections. It must also be noted that, in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Germany, coin auctions were often organized by persons not otherwise involved in the coin trade, such as the Königliche Auktions-Komissarius Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring (1772–1829) who organized at least 9 auctions with numismatic content in Berlin in the years 1818–1828; B. F. Cosack who sold the Legnich collection in Danzig in April 1811; Ferd. Ebner who sold a collection in Augsburg in October 1829; Adolph Elsas who sold a collection in Hamburg in November 1894; the auctioneer Rudolph Lepke (1844–1904) and his successors who organized over two thousand art auctions in Berlin – including at least 14 of coins and medals in Berlin between 1877 and 97 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2319. 98 See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2321. 99 See Barth/Pegan 2015, 242. 100 Their very successful Magazin für Briefmarkensammler was founded on 1 May 1863, while the first European journal on the subject (the Belgian Le Timbre-Poste) had only just appeared on 15 February 1863. Matthias Barth indicates that, after the closure of the business in 1910, Friedrich Redder opened his own coin business as successor, later inherited by his son Willibald Redder (1893–1965). See Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886, 325 no. 2322; Barth 2001, 58; Garcarek 2013; Garcarek 2014a; 2014b. The legend that the firm was sold in 1876 to a stamp-wholesaler from Hamburg, Julius Goldner (1842–1898), is false. 101 The list of coin dealers in nineteenth-century Germany reveals a majority of Jewish names (certainly related to the links between coin dealing, money exchange and banking), and this aspect of the trade remains to be studied. Adolf Erman did comment that most coin dealers were Jews (he was a quarter-Jewish himself and thereby lost his position at University in 1934), and he noted that the dealer Timpe would always call Julius Hahlo (1832–1892) »der Jude«. Seyffer himself gave signs of a deep-rooted antisemitism, when he wrote in August 1868 of having bought coins »from a Jew« (unnamed), or when he commented on the Jewish business character in February 1869. See Erman 1929, 136. 78 H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H 1931; Jac. Chr. Lindberg who sold the Thorlacius collection in Hanau in October 1830; the bookdealer J. M. G. Fontaine who held the auction of the Major Senckler’s collection of Roman coins in Cologne in August 1847; the auctioneer Karl Ernst Heinrich who sold collections in Dresden in August 1831 and March 1834; Joseph Heller who described the collection of Franz Sebastian Scharnagel for its sale in Bamberg in September 1838; Chr. Meyer who sold the collection of Mann Hartwig »v. Hessen« in Hamburg in November 1857 , and then organized at least three auctions in 1866–1868; J. C. B. Mohr who auctioned in the general collection of Fr. Creuzer in December 1852; the auctioneer Theodor Müller who organized the sales of duplicates from the Königliche Münzkabinet zu Berlin and the collection of Prince Pless in June 1863 and October 1865; the notary Friedrich Noël (1800–1881) sold the collection of Christoph Sedlmaier at auction in Munich in August 1869; the auctioneer R. F. Nothwanger organized an auction in January 1851 in Danzig, and the dispersal of the coin collection of Carl Ludwig von Duisburg in November 1869; the auctioneer Pfeiffer, who sold coins from the Prince Biron von Courland succession in Breslau in March 1823; the auctioneer Rachel who held an auction on 14 February 1846 in Münster; the auctioneer Rauch who organized at least 7 coin auctions in Berlin in the years 1834–1844; Joh. Mich. Röser who held an auction in October 1865 in Würzburg; the auctioneer Sonnin who sold the von Arnim and Herzog von Kurland collections in Berlin in October 1800 and July 1806; the executor J. F. v. Speckner who organized the sale of the late Johann Edlen von Gemeiner collection in Munich in 1823; August Theodor Ulich who held auctions in November 1809 and July 1812 in Dresden; the auctioneer Johann Friedrich Weidhas who sold his own collection at auction in Berlin in May 1856; and Th. Wolff who organized an auction in February 1855 in Göttingen.102 102 See Kunzel 2008 (Bratring); Priese 2013, 192–193 (Bratring); 193 (Rauch and Weidhas); 194 (Müller); 204–205 (Lepke); Barth/ Pegan 2015, 233 (v. Speckner); 260 (Noël). A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 79 REFERENCES Anonym 1939: Anonym, Geschichte der Bankfirma Schneider & Münzing, vorm. J. N. Oberndoerffer k. b. Hofbankier in München 1829–1939 (Munich 1939). Arnold 1990: P. Arnold, Richard Julius und Heinrich Albert Erbstein zum Gedenken. Dresdener Kunstblätter 6, 1990, 194–198. Barth 2001: M. Barth, »Zahlung in Geld oder Lebensmitteln…« Münzenhandel und erste Auktionen im Deutschland der frühen Nachkriegszeit. MünzenRevue 33 (2), 2001, 52–59. Barth 2002: M. Barth, »Erscheint so Gott will Montags« – Deutsche numismatische Zeitschriften aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt 51, 2002, 350–387. Barth 2012: M. Barth, »…das treuste Bild des Originals«: zum Vorkommen photographischer Illustrationen in frühen numismatischen Auktionskatalogen und Zeitschriften. Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 62, 2012, 379-447. Barth/Pegan 2015: M. Barth/E. M. Pegan, »cortese e peritissimo nostro amico«. Bayerisch-italienische Lebenswege des Numismatikers Heinrich (Enrico) Hirsch. Ein Beitrag zu den Anfängen des modernen Münzhandels in München. Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 65, 2015, 233–315. Boaretto 2015: N. Boaretto, L’archivio del museo Bottacin di Padova (Trieste 2015). <http://hdl.handle.net/10077/11323> (05.09.2016). Buttrey 2016: T. V. Buttrey, List of Numismatic Auction Catalogues and Fixed Price Lists. Catalogue of the holdings of the library of The Fitzwilliam Museum (Catalogue updated: 27 January 2016). <http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/library/salescatalogue/> (05.09.2016). Cahn 1981: E. Cahn, Der Frankfurter Münzhandel 1924–1934. In: Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft (ed.), 75 Jahre Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft (Frankfurt 1981) 135–158. Clain-Stefanelli 1985: E.-E. Clain-Stefanelli, Numismatic Bibliography (Munich 1985). CVA: Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Multiple vols. Dannenberg 1903: H. Dannenberg, Das numismatische Berlin der letzten 65 Jahre. In: Numismatische Gesellschaft zu Berlin (ed.), Zur Feier des sechzigjährigen Bestehens der Numismatischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin (Berlin 1903) 1–10. Davis 1992: C. Davis, W. Elliott Woodward, a few notes and new plates. The Asylum 10, 1992, 14–21. Döpper 1991: F. B. Döpper, Frankfurt und seine alten Firmen (Au in der Hallertau 1991). Dumas 1987: F. Dumas, La création de la Revue de la numismatique françoise à travers la correspondence de Saulcy. Revue numismatique 29, 1987, 220–232. Durand 1865: A. Durand, Médailles et jetons des numismates (Geneva 1865). Edelmann 1862: A. Edelmann, Leipziger Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1862 (Leipzig 1862). Ehling 2016: K. Ehling, Naue, Julius Erdmann August. Historienmaler, Maler, Porträtmaler, Zeichner, Radierer, 80 H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H Grafiker, Schriftsteller, Moritz v. Schwind-Biograf, Prähistoriker. In: A. von Beyer/B. Savoy/W. Tegethoff (eds.), Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon 92 (Berlin 2016) 40. Erlanger 1985: H. J. Erlanger, Nürnberger Medaillen 1806–1981. 2 vols (Nuremberg 1985). Erman 1929: J. P. A. Erman, Mein Werden und mein Wirken (Berlin 1929). Forrer/Fischer 1897: R. Forrer/H. Fischer, Adressbuch der Museen, Bibliotheken, Sammler und Antiquare (Strasbourg 1897) Garcarek 2013: H.-P. Garcarek, 170. Geburtstag von Alwin Zschiesche (Naumburg). Vereinsmitteilungen und Veranstaltungskalender des Naumburger Briefmarkensammler-Vereins 1904 e. V., 2013, 20–21. Garcarek 2014a: H.-P. Garcarek, Sie gehörten zu den ersten Briefmarkenhändlern in Deutschland. Zur Geschichte der bislang fast unbekannten Philatelistenfamilie Zschiesche. Teil 1: die Firma Zschiesche & Köder. Phila Historica. Zeitschrift für Philateliegeschichte und Philatelistische Literatur 2014 (1), 2014, 68–126 Garcarek 2014b: H.-P. Garcarek, Zschiesche-Forschung. Phila Historica. Zeitschrift für Philateliegeschichte und Philatelistische Literatur 2014 (4), 2014, 7–8. Gnecchi/Gnecchi 1886: F. Gnecchi/E. Gnecchi, Guida numismatica universale (Milan 1886). Gorini 2010: G. Gorini, Aspetti del collezionismo numismatico italiano nell ‘900. Bollettino di Numismatica 54, 2010, 83–107. Gottschalk 1985: J. Gottschalk, Frühe Münzauktionen in Berlin bis zur Reichsgründung – Anregungen zur territorialen Geschichtsforschung. Numismatische Hefte 11, 1985, 66–70. Grierson 1966: P. Grierson, Bibliographie numismatique (Bruxelles 1966). Grierson/Blackburn 1986: P. Grierson/M. Blackburn, Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th Centuries) (Cambridge 1986). Hackl 1988a: J. Hackl, Der Nürnberger Numismatiker Carl Friedrich Gebert. Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt 37 (11), 1988, 302–313. Hackl 1988b: J. Hackl, Der Nürnberger Numismatiker Carl Friedrich Gebert. Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt 37 (12), 1988, 327–331. Hahn 1989: H. Hahn, A short history of the Adolf Hess Company: typescript, July 1989 by Professor Dr. Helmut Hahn, copy preserved at the library of the ANS. Hejzlar 1988: H. Hejzlar, Die Gelehrtenfamilie Erbstein: eine Familie bedeutender Numismatiker. Numismatische Hefte 44, 1988, 40–47; 80. Hopp 2012: M. Hopp, Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus: Adolf Weinmüller in München und Wien (Cologne 2012). Kaiser 2006: R. Kaiser, Münzenhandel und Münzenhandlungen in Frankfurt am Main 1945–2006. In: Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft (ed.), Einblicke in Geldgeschichte und Medaillenkunde. Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft 1906–2006 (Frankfurt 2006) 131–134. Kolbe 2002: G. F. Kolbe, Adolf Hess, ?–1912. Celator 16 (7), 2002, 32. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y 81 Künker 2005: F. R. Künker, auction-catalogue no. 102, Osnabrück, 23–24 June 2005, the library of the firm Münzen und Medaillen A.G. (Basel). Kunzel 2008: M. Kunzel, »In der Auktion … wird der wahre Wert nicht leicht überstiegen…« – Die Münzenund Medaillenauktionen des Königlichen Auktions-Komissarius Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring (1772– 1829) in Berlin. Beiträge zur brandenburgisch/preußischen Numismatik 16, 2008, 120–133. Lubeseder 2007: Münzenhandlung Harald Möller GmbH, auction-catalogue no. 48, Kassel, 13–14 November 2007, the numismatic library of Karl Lubeseder on lots 4001–5405. Lülfing 1964: H. Lülfing, Gersdorf. In: O. zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (ed.), Neue Deutsche Biographie 6. Gaál – Grasmann (Berlin 1964) 317–318. M&M 2010: Münzen & Medaillen GmbH and Auktionen Meister & Sonntag, auction-catalogue no. 33, Weil am Rhein, 17 November 2010, the numismatic libraries of Wolfgang Hahn, Franz Javorsek, et al. Mamroth 1953: A. Mamroth, Jugenderinnerungen an alte Berliner Münzhändler. Berliner Numismatische Zeitschrift 14/15, 1953, 54–59. Manville 2009: H. E. Manville, Biographical dictionary of British and Irish numismatics (London 2009). Manville/Robertson 1986: H. E. Manville/T. J. Robertson, British numismatic auction catalogues 1710– 1984 (London 1986). Möller 2006: H. Möller, Vorstands- und Ehrenmitglieder der Frankfurter Numismatischen Gesellschaft 1906–2006. In: Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft (ed.), Einblicke in Geldgeschichte und Medaillenkunde. Frankfurter Numismatische Gesellschaft 1906–2006 (Frankfurt 2006) 31–36. Moser/Winkler 1995: E. Moser/R. Winkler, Wegmarken. 125 Jahre Bankhaus H. Aufhäuser (Munich 1995). Olbrich 1972: W. Olbrich, Hiersemann. In: O. zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (ed.), Neue Deutsche Biographie 9. Hess – Hüttig (Berlin 1972) 113–114. Oppelt 1992: W. Oppelt, Lebensspuren des Rabbiners, Bankiers, Numismatikers, Bibliophilen und Mäzens Abraham Merzbacher (1812–1885). In: Trägerverein Jüdisches Regionalmuseum Mittelfranken in Fürth und Schnaittach e. V. (ed.), Aus der Jüdischen Geschichte Baiersdorf (Fürth 1992) 34–44. Perles 1885: J. Perles, Trauerrede an der Bahre des am 21. Siwan verewigten Herrn Abraham Merzbacher (Munich 1885). Petry 1998: E. Petry, Leopold Hamburger und Sigismund Simmel: zwei frühe deutsche Zionisten in Palästina. In: H. Hausmann (ed.), Der Traum von Israel: die Ursprünge des modernen Zionismus (Weinheim 1998) 89–107. Peus 1980: Dr. Busso Peus Nachf., auction-catalogue no. 300, Frankfurt, 28–30 October 1980, with the list of all auction-catalogues by Peus. Priese 2013: K. Priese, Berliner Münzhandel. Beiträge zur brandenburgisch/preußischen Numismatik 21, 2013, 186–260. 82 H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H Reitmann 1946: K. Reitmann, Der Münzhandel in Österreich (eine historische Studie). Numismatische Zeitschrift 71, 1946, 92–112. Rossi 1999: Astarte S. A., mail-bid auction no. 4, Lugano, 6 March 1999, the library of D[omenico] R[ossi]. Rossi 2005: Numismatica Varesi, auction-catalogue no. 45, Pavia, 20 April 2005, the library of Domenico Rossi. Schnorrenberg 1906: J. Schnorrenberg, Lempertz, Heinrich. In: Historische Comission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 51. Nachträge bis 1899 (Leipzig 1906) 642–645. Spring 2009: J. Spring, Ancient Coin Auction Catalogues 1880–1980 (London 2009). Steinecke 1977: H. Steinecke, Johann Jakob Leitzmann (24.9.1798–23.10.1877). In: Kulturbund d. DDR (ed.), V. Bezirksmünzausstellung zu Ehren des 60. Jahrestages der Großen Sozialisztischen Oktoberrevolution, Sömmerda 22. u. 23. Okt. 1977 (Erfurt 1977) 8–32. Stenzel 1883: T. Stenzel, Leitzmann, Johann Jakob. In: Historische Comission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 18. Lassus – Litschower (Leipzig 1883) 232–233. Stenzel/Pistorius 1869: T. Stenzel/E. Pistorius, Die Gräflich L-sky’sche und die P-sche Münz- und Medaillen-Sammlung: Geordnet u. beschrieben v. Th. Stenzel u. E. Pistorius in Zerbst. Erste Abtheilung, enthaltend Münzen und Medaillen in Gold, Silber, Bronze etc., aus dem Mittelalter und der Neuzeit (Zerbst 1869). Stückelberg 1899: E. A. Stückelberg, Der Münzsammler. Ein Handbuch für Kenner und Anfänger (Zurich 1899). Szkolny: R. Szkolny Ross, An Oberndörffer family history. Memoirs of Dr Eugen Szkolny (1873–1961) with additional remarks by his daughter Ruth Szkolny Ross (translated from German into English by Rolf Hofmann and David Birnbaum). <http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/images/Images%20Bayern/OBERNDOERFFER-family.htm> (05.09.2016). Tietjen 1976: Tietjen & Co., auction-catalogue no. 20, Hamburg, 10 November 1976. Library of the coindealership in Halle of Albert Riechmann and Richard Gaettens (1886–1965). Tietjen 1977: Tietjen & Co., auction-catalogue no. 21, Hamburg, 23 March 1977. Library of the coin-dealership in Halle of Albert Riechmann and Richard Gaettens (1886–1965). van Driessche 2015: J. van Driessche, L’ensemble exceptionnel de catalogues de ventes de monnaies de la maison Sotheby’s (1833–1869) acquis par Lucien de Hirsch. In Monte Artium. Journal of the Royal Library of Belgium 8, 2015, 157–185. Wilmersdörffer 1919: T. Wilmersdörffer, Max von Wilmersdörffer, Numismatiker. Lebensläufe aus Franken 1, 1919, 511–513. A L I S T O F C O I N D E A L E R S I N N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U RY G E R M A N Y Abbildung 1: AE plaquette of Adolf Cahn (1840–1918). Posthumous portrait by Luise Staudinger, 51 x 77 mm. M&M auction 28, 30 October 2008, lot 1005. Image courtesy of Münzen & Medaillen Deutschland GmbH (image not to scale). Abbildung 2: AE medal of Albert Erbstein (1840–1890). Portrait by Anton Scharff, 1898, 58 mm. WAG auction 63, 18 September 2012, lot 3042. Image courtesy of Westfälische Auktionsgesellschaft (image not to scale). 83 84 H A D R I E N J . R A M BA C H Abbildung 3: AE token (Klippe) of Julius Hahlo (1832–1892), 23.5 mm. (Photo: H. J. Rambach; image not to scale). Abbildung 4: Pewter medal of Samson Nathan Oberndörffer (1791–1866). Portrait-medal in honour of his 70th birthday, by Gottfried Drentwett and Martin Sebald, 41 mm, 25.6 grams. (Photo: H. J. Rambach; image not to scale). Abbildung 5: AE token of Zschiesche & Köder, c. 1880, 27 mm. (Photo: H. J. Rambach; image not to scale). VERZEICHNIS DER AUTOREN Philipp Baas Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Klassische Archäologie Schloss Hohentübingen Burgsteige 11 72070 Tübingen Henner Hardt Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Klassische Archäologie Schloss Hohentübingen Burgsteige 11 72070 Tübingen Veronika Holdau Klinikum Schloß Winnenden Schloßstr. 50 71364 Winnenden Stefan Krmnicek Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Klassische Archäologie Numismatische Arbeitsstelle Schloss Hohentübingen Burgsteige 11 72070 Tübingen Hadrien Rambach Les Pavillons Français Rue du Noyer 282-28 1030 Bruxelles TÜBINGER NUMISMATISCHE STUDIEN 1 A COLLECTION IN CONTEXT Der erste Band der Reihe Tübinger Numismatische Studien untersucht die knapp 3000 numismatische Objekte umfassende Sammlung Karl von Schäffer, welche als Nachlass im Jahre 1888 in den Besitz der Universität Tübingen gelangte, in ihrem wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Kontext. Die Edition der vollständigen Sammlungsdokumentation wird durch Beiträge zur universitären Sammlungsgeschichte, einer biographisch-psychologischen Analyse der Person Karl von Schäffer, Studien zum Münzhandel und zum Sammeln und Erforschen von Münzen im 19. Jahrhundert sowie durch eine Detailuntersuchung zu den Netzwerken des antiken- und münzeninteressierten Bildungsbürgertums im Königreich Württemberg ausgewertet. Im Kontext dieses dichten Überlieferungsnetzes entfalten die Münzen und Archivalien nicht nur ihre Bedeutung als wichtige zeitgeschichtliche Dokumente für die Entwicklung der Numismatik im fortgeschrittenen 19. Jahrhundert, sondern stellen zugleich eine Quelle ersten Ranges für die Rezeption von antiken Münzen als kunstgeschichtlich und kulturhistorisch bedeutsame Forschungsobjekte dar. Missing&references,&page&37,&footnote&4:&& LA&BORDE&2017:&Numismatica&Ars&Classica,&auctionCcatalogue&no.&99,&Zurich,&29&May& 2017.&The&George&La&Borde&collection&of&Roman&aurei&–&part&II.&With&a&provenanceC glossary&by&Hadrien&Rambach&on&pp.&47C63.& VAN& HEESCH& 2017:& J.& van& Heesch,& Coin& collecting& in& Belgium& c.1830C1900:& coin& dealers& and& auction& houses.& J.& Moens& (ed.),& Colloquium& Belgium& Numismatics& in& Perspective.& 175& Jaar& Koninklijk& Belgisch& Genootschap& voor& Numismatiek& ([Bruxelles]&2017),&207–224.& & Missing&reference,&page&40,&footnote&24:&& HOOVER& 2012:& Oliver& Hoover,& «& Paper,& Plaster,& Sulfur,& Foil:& A& Brief& History& of& Numismatic&Data&Transmission&»,&in&ANS&Magazine.& The&Magazine&of&the&American& Numismatic&Society,&vol.&11.1&(Spring&2012),&pp.&18C27.& & Page&67,&footnote&32:&& A& numismatic& department& was& created& in& 1949,& when& the& bank& hired& Leo& Mildenberg&(1913–2001)&at&the&suggestion
of&Jacob&Hirsch&and&the&collector&Erich& von&SchulthessCRechberg,&who&was&a&director&of&the&bank.&
& & Missing&dealer,&page&71:&& Meyer&was&a&coinCdealer&in&Cologne,&whose&provenance&is&rarely&unattested&but&who& was&already&supplying&coins&to&Hermann&Joseph&Lückger&(1864C1951)&in&the&1890s1.& He& handled& at& least& part& of& the& Getrudenstrasse& hoard& in& Cologne& in& 19092.& He& is& probably& unrelated& to& Joseph& Mayer& && Co& in& Frankfort,& who& organised& many& hundred&auctions&of&books,&including&several&of&Bibliotheca&Numismatica.& REUSCH& 1935:& W.& Reusch,& Der& Kölner& Münzschatzfund& vom& Jahre& 1909& (Leipzig& 1935).& & Page&73,&footnote&69:& Obituary&in&Numismatische&Zeitung.&Blätter&für&MünzC&SiegelC&und&Wappenkunde&38& (1871),&120.& & Missing&reference,&page&77,&footnote&100:&& GARCAREK&2016:&H.CP.&Garcarek,&Sie&gehörten&zu&den&ersten&Briefmarkenhändlern&in& Deutschland.& Zur& Geschichte& der& bislang& fast& unbekannten& Philatelistenfamilie& Zschiesche.& Teil& 2:& die& leipziger& Zeit& von& Reinherz& und& Alwin& Zschiesche& (1824C 1881).& Phila& Historica.& Zeitschrift& für& Philateliegeschichte& und& Philatelistische& Literatur&2016&(4),&2016,&42–211.& & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1&Dr.&Busso&Peus&Nachf.,&auction&417,&Frankfurt,&2&November&2016,&lots&349&and&472.&The& collection& was& started& by& the& collector’s& grandfather,& Johann& Mathias& Lückger,& and& continued&by&his&son&Hans&Lückger&(b.&1897).&I&could&not&identify&the&«&Schoras&»&(?)&who& sold&him&a&sestertius&of&Hadrian&in&1896&(lot&277).& 2&REUSCH&1935,&p.&16,&n.&1.