Academia.eduAcademia.edu

ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ

‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ‬ ‫)‪١٨٩٤‬ﻡ ‪١٣١١ /‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٧٣ -‬ﻡ ‪١٣٩٣ /‬ﻫـ(‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ‪١٢١٣١٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ ١٨٩٤‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ‪١٩٧٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺼﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﰎ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﻭﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪R‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋ‪n‬ﲏ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺸﺌﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺐ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ؛ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻨ‪ƒ‬ﻬ‪ƒ‬ﻢﹴ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻬﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪ƒ‬ﻌ‪n‬ﺐ‚ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺧﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﲏ ﻣﻦ ﳎﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻐﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻔﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﺮﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺰﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﻢ "ﺟﱪﺍﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﱪﺍﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺴﺮﺓ" ﺑﻨﺰﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﰲ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻟﻐﺘﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‘ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‘ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‘ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﺍ‘ﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﺎ ﻭﻓﺎﺻﺤﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٦٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﲔ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ)ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭ)ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭ)ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ(‪ .‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﲨﻌﺔ‪1344 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1925‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﱄ‪1346 :‬ﻫـ = ‪.1927‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﻂ‪ 1347 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1928‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺭﺟﺐ ﺃﻓﻨﺪﻱ‪1347 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1928‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﺍﻷﻃﻼﻝ‪1353 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1934‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‪1353 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1934‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ‪1355 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1936‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻏﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪1356 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1937‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .9‬ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ 1358 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1939‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .10‬ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﺍ‘ﻬﻮﻝ‪1358 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1939‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .11‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﲔ‪1360 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1941‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .12‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪1361 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1942‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .13‬ﻋﻮﺍﱄ‪1361 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1942‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .14‬ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺬﺓ‪1361 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1942‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .15‬ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪1361 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1942‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .16‬ﺳﻠﻮﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‪1363 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1944‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .17‬ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺎﺗﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪1365 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1946‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .18‬ﺷﻔﺎﻩ ﻏﻠﻴﻄﺔ‪1365 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1946‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .19‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﺎﻡ‪1367 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1948‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .20‬ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﷲ‪1368 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1949‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .21‬ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﲞﲑ‪1369 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1950‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .22‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ‪1372 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1953‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .23‬ﺛﺎﺋﺮﻭﻥ‪1374 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1955‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .24‬ﴰﺮﻭﺥ‪1377 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1958‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .25‬ﻧ‪ƒ‬ﺒ©ﻮﺕ ﺍﳋﻔﲑ‪1377 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1958‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .26‬ﲤﺮ ﺣ‪ƒ‬ﻨ‚ﺎ ﻋﺠﺐ‪1378 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1959‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .27‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺐ‪1378 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1959‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .28‬ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻕ‪1379 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1960‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .29‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪1381 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1961‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .30‬ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‪1383 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1963‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .31‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪1387 :‬ﻫـ = ‪.1967‬‬ ‫‪ .32‬ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪1383 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1963‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .33‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﻑ‪1389 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1969‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .34‬ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﲔ‪1389 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1969‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .35‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺩ‪1390 :‬ﻫـ = ‪1970‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗ‪n‬ﻮﻓ‪ّµ‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻠﻎ ﳓﻮ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣ‪R‬ﺎ ﰲ )‪ 26‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ‪1393‬ﻫـ = ‪ 27‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ‪1973‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺛﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ‪R‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ‪٢٦٣-١/٢٧١‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ‪٧١٨ /٦‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ‪٧/١٦٥‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺹ ‪٢٢١‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﺋﻌﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺹ ‪٦٩٣‬‬