NEW PUBLICATION

Food insecurity is a major global challenge that is more prevalent in developing nations like Nigeria with varying degrees of impact on households and demanding immediate attention from policymakers. This study assessed the level of insecurity among farming households in Ikere Local

OsWRKY13 TF gene is known to play a regulatory role of signaling in physiological pathways related to either development or disease resistance in rice plants. Rice cultivars IR 50 and TRY 3, resistant and susceptible respectively to sheath blight, TRY 3 and CO 43 resistant and susceptible respectively to sheath rot were challenged with fungal pathogens and disease scoring was carried out. Percent Disease Index (PDI) was significantly higher in susceptible varieties than resistant varieties. RT-PCR and qPCR analyses of WRKY13 using RNA extracted from the plant tissues revealed higher WRKY13 expression in resistant varieties (both diseases) upon pathogen challenge compared to uninfected control and also the susceptible varieties. To compute and evaluate the possible molecular mechanism for observed resistance correlated to WRKY13 gene expression, rice gene expression profiles against bacterial leaf blight and leaf blast disease from ROAD database were used to prioritize the locus IDs that were used as input in RiceNet v2 tool. The expression of WRKY13-regulated TIFY9 gene was predicted and validated using RT-PCR and qRT-PCR along with WRKY12 and PR2. All three genes showed induced expression in R. solani challenged sheath blight resistant variety. WRKY12 and PR2 expression in S. oryzae challenged sheath rot resistant variety was higher. Agrobacterium mediated transformation was carried out in rice plants using overexpression construct of WRKY13 (agroinfection in seeds of varieties susceptible to sheath blight and sheath rot, followed by selection in antibiotic media, germinating and hardening of putative transgenic lines). Based on qPCR analysis, the expression level of WRKY13 and the co-expression levels of WRKY12, TIFY9 and PR2 were found higher in PCR-positive T 1 plants compared to wild-type. Infection bioassays in the transgenic plants of both varieties revealed enhanced resistance to the pathogens. A mechanism by which WRKY13 would influence the MAPK cascade with TIFY9 acting as a mediator, is proposed.

This study contributes to the limited literature on VAT's impact on student populations by assessing the financial strain on university students in Oman. The research provides novel insights into policymaking, suggesting VAT exemptions for essential educational goods and proposing financial literacy programs for mitigating the adverse effects of VAT which employs chi-square tests and regression analysis to quantify the financial effects of VAT on students' purchasing behavior, revealing that VAT negatively impacts purchasing power with a statistically significant p-value (< 0.05). The findings highlight substantial financial strain on students, particularly those in lower-income brackets, prompting policy recommendations for VAT exemptions on essential educational goods and the inclusion of financial literacy programs aimed at helping students mitigate the tax's adverse effects. This study evaluates the financial implications of the Value Added Tax (VAT) introduced in Oman in 2021, focusing on its impact on consumer behavior among university students at A'sharqiyah University. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, including chi-square tests and regression analysis, and a sample of 53 students, the research investigates the effects of VAT on purchasing power and consumption patterns. The findings demonstrate a significant disruption to students' financial capacity, with the majority reporting challenges in affording essential educational materials. By contributing to the limited body of literature on VAT's effects on low-income populations, this study provides valuable insights into how students rationalize their consumption and cope with increased financial strain. Policy recommendations include VAT exemptions for educational goods and the implementation of comprehensive financial literacy programs to help vulnerable groups manage the tax's adverse effects.

Diachronica, 1999

Note: This listing acknowledges the receipt of recent writings in the study of language, with particular attention to those concerned with language history and the mechanisms of language change, comparative-historical philology, and language typology. Only in exceptional instances will a separate acknowledgment of receipt be issued; no book can be returned to the publisher after it has been analyzed in this section. It should be pointed out, moreover, that by accepting a book, no promise is implied that it will be reviewed in detail in Diachronica. Reviews are printed as circumstances permit, and offprints will be sent to the publishers of the works reviewed, including those items briefly commented upon in the present section. Adams, Douglas Q. 1999. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi. (= Leiden Studies in Indo-European, 10), xxxiv, 830 pp. [This hefty volume aims to present all known vocabulary from Kuchean, usually known as Tocharian B, including Sanskrit loanwords and proper names. Entries include grammatical information, derivationally related items, and textual examples with English translation. While not originally conceived as an etymological dictionary, the finished product contains detailed histories of most words presented, often reviewing both previous literature and laying out the author's own analyses. As a result, many individual entries are over a half page long. Besides a brief introduction, the book contains a substantial bibliography (upwards of 25 pages, covering Tocharian studies and Indo-European etymologies directly relevant to the material at hand) and the following set of indices: English-to-Tocharian reverse index, proper names (plus a short list of possible proper names), meters and words of unknown meaning.]

Arc, 2023

DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2013

published nor currently in the publishing phase in any media. But this rule does not apply to the unpublished studies that have been already submitted as a paper to activities like conventions, symposiums or conferences. The studies should be printed on one side of an A4 paper using 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top using 10 size letters, Calibri font and Word 6.0 or a higher word processing software. A line spacing of 1.5 should be used. The studies should contain between 4500 and 8500 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the degree, the institute and the e-mail of the author must be specified on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*). Five copies of the studies should be submitted. On the first copy the name(s) of the author(s) should be specified, other copies should be delivered without the name(s). The studies should be saved on a CD or DVD disk.

Although this version is essentially the same as the original, it presents some changes in extension and focus in response to the suggestions and comments made by two anonymous reviewers.

Z-drugs, including zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon, are widely prescribed for insomnia but have been increasingly linked to adverse effects such as suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicides. Although effective for short-term insomnia management, concerns have arisen regarding addiction, abuse, and the exacerbation of underlying psychiatric conditions, particularly depression. Despite extensive research, a definitive causal relationship between Z-drugs and suicide risk remains unclear. This study examines the interactions between Z-drugs, their efficacy in treating insomnia, and their impact on mental health, especially regarding suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The study synthesizes data from epidemiological research, clinical trials, and pharmacoepidemiologic studies to explore the association between Z-drug use and suicidal ideation. Using the PRISMA framework, the data have been analyzed on Z-drug pharmacokinetics, insomnia prevalence, prescription trends since 1999, and reported adverse events. Z-drugs are associated with a 35% increased risk of suicidal ideation, particularly in individuals with pre-existing depression. Approximately 20% of long-term Z-drug users develop dependence, with withdrawal symptoms occurring in about 15% of cases. The rapid onset and short half-life of Z-drugs, while effective for sleep induction, may contribute to mood fluctuations and rebound insomnia, increasing the risk of suicidal behavior by up to 25%. Zolpidem, in particular, accounts for nearly 70% of Z-drug prescriptions and is linked to a significant portion of reported abuse cases, especially in adolescents and individuals with psychiatric disorders. While Z-drugs are effective in managing insomnia, they pose significant risks, particularly concerning suicidal ideation and behavior. Cautious prescribing is essential, especially for patients with a history of mental health disorders. Further research is needed to understand the long-term mental health impacts of Z-drugs and develop strategies to mitigate associated risks. Comprehensive patient education and monitoring are crucial to ensuring the safe use of these medications. CBT -I Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia IR immediate release ER extended/controlled release FDA Food and drug administration STBs suicidal thoughts and behaviors CASP Critical Appraisal Skills Programme RCTs randomized controlled trials NSDUH National Survey on Drug Use and Health

c i n d e r, 2018

When we write about writing, we are asking questions about practice, process, and intervention; about how it's taught at a tertiary level; its role in what might be called 'politics', or finding ways of linking the field of creative writing research to other fields of intellectual engagement-thinking its ontology and impact. Australia, arguably, already leads the world in umpteen aspects of this work, and for many years, TEXT journal, associated with the Australasian Association of Writing Programs (AAWP), has been providing an erudite and rigorous forum for these questions and the work they demand.

Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 69 (2024), iv–vii