What if food is considered a common good?
Jose Luis Vivero Pol2014, UN Standing Committee on Nutrition News #40
Food, as a basic human need, should enjoy a similar consideration to health and education in our societies and yet it is not so. The former are basic rights, guaranteed by the state to every citizen in developed countries and in most developing ones as well, whereas food is largely provided in a monetary basis: your purchasing power determines your food access. Why is that? can we do it otherwise?
Related papers
Right to Food and Adequate Nutrition: An Approach from the Human Capital and Development Dimension
Kogi State University Law Journal, 2008
Ensuring Food Security Through the Human Right to Adequate Food
By considering how the right to adequate food has been interpreted and applied in international law, I argue that there are important pragmatic reasons to appeal to the right to adequate food in promoting and ensuring food security. I respond to practical and conceptual objections against recognizing the right to adequate food as a human right. First, I consider the objection that the right to adequate food, like other socio-economic rights, is not a real human right because it cannot be enforced by courts in the same way as civil-political rights (the justiciability objection). In addition to considering how the right to adequate food and other socio-economic rights have been legally enforced by courts or monitoring bodies in international law and in other domestic legal systems, I also consider how some socio-economic rights have been protected in state constitutions within the United States and how courts have enforced these, an area that is often neglected in discussions of socio-economic rights in the United States. I also respond to a more conceptual objection that the right to adequate food and other rights to goods and services are not real rights or real normative claims since it is not clear who has a duty to fulfill these rights (the claimability objection). Onora O’Neill provides the strongest defense of this objection. While I agree that these rights will remain empty manifesto rights until corresponding duties are specified and allocated, I argue that duties need to be defined automatically from the idea of the right itself or pre-institutionally, as O'Neill suggests. In my response, I consider different dimensions of the right to adequate food and recent issues in the United States that can be addressed by this right, such as food deserts.
Food is a public good
Food must be reconceived as a public good, or a commons – using the non-economic term that has deep cultural and historical roots– in the transition toward a more sustainable food system that is fair to food producers and consumers. When treated as a public good, food will be better produced and distributed by governance systems implemented at local level that integrate market rules, public regulations, and collective actions. This change will have enormous ethical, legal, economic, and nutritional implications
Food security as a global public good
Routledge Handbook of Food as a Commons, 2018
Food security brings a number of benefits to humanity from which nobody can be excluded and which can be simultaneously enjoyed by all. An economic understanding of the concept sees food security qualify as a global public good. However, there are four other ways of understanding a public good which are worthy of attention. A normative public good is a good from which nobody ought to be excluded. Alternatively, one might acknowledge the benevolent character of a public good. Others have argued that public goods demand being public in the sense of being visible to all. Finally, it has also been argued that public goods are those goods which need joint action to be produced and maintained. This chapter discusses these five understandings of the public good in relation to food security and highlights the advantage of assessing policies from each of these perspectives.
Food as a commodity, human right or common good
Nature Food, 2021
Can we end hunger in the post-2015 frame with food as a commodity?
We need a new social contract whereby food is considered a commons and nutrition a public good, a necessary narrative to develop universal food coverage schemes at national level similar to those of health and education. The supply/demand rules will never get rid of hunger in the world as aspired by the post-2015 yet-to-be agreement, since the market does not have any incentive to provide food access to those who do not have money to pay for an essential resource. Re-commoning food would imply that hunger eradication would not solely be the State’s duty, as social enterprises and local communities should also live up to their obligations (food citizens instead of food customers).
No. 48 Food Security, the Right to Food and the Human Development Report 1994
The paper addresses the evolution of the concept of " food security " after the publication of the 1994 Human Development Report. This Report stressed the relevance of the access to food, a major achievement with regard to previous definitions, moving the concept out of from a purely production concern into a broader approach involving poverty and development. Later, worries with other factors such as food safety, nutritional balance and food preferences, lead to a re-appraisal of the 1994 definition. Parallel to the development of the concept of food security, there was also an elaboration of a human rights perspective on issues related to the alleviation of hunger and the promotion of access to adequate food and good nutrition, i.e. the right to food. The paper argues that the 1994 Human Development Report constituted an important step in the efforts to understand and cope with hunger and poverty
.u s .o g
“peake ’s Co e
SPEAKER’S CORNER
What if food is considered a common good?
The essential narrative for the food and nutrition transition
Jose Luis Vi e o Pol , PhD esea h fello at the Ce t e of Philosoph of La , U i e sité atholi ue de Lou ai
Co ta t: Jose-luis. i e opol@u lou ai . e
This a i le p ese ts the aio ale de eloped
the autho i the o ki g pape Food as a o
the glo al food syste , a aila le o li e, hi h p o ides full efe e es.
o s: refra i g the arrai e of
Author state e t: The author de lared ot ha i g a y o li t of i terest.
. The pri aizaio of a asi hu a
eed
Ade uate a d ut iious food, f esh ai a d d i ka le ate a e the th ee esse ials ou hu a od e ui es to
fu io . The a e li ited ut e e a le esou es. Wild
food is o side ed a o
o good, ut uli ated food is
a pl ega ded as a p i ate o e. Wate is ei g e a ded f o a f ee-a ess o
o good to a fee- est i ted
p i ate good, a i st step to a ds a full p i aizaio p oess, follo i g a e si ila path to that of food. Ai is
sill o side ed a glo al o
o good a d it has a el
ee e losed although its o
odii aio has al ead
sta ted usi g eai e a ou i g ased o e o o i aluaio of e i o e tal p o esses.
The o
odii aio of food is a hu a -i du ed p o ess
that deals o e ith the p op ieta ights of atu al esou es tha
ith the i t i si atu e of the good. The
sta da d e o o i dei iio of pu li goods is a ho ed
o o - i al a d o -e luda ilit . “ta da d e a ples
of pu li goods i lude f esh ai , ate , k o ledge, aio al defe e, u i e sal pu li health a d pea e, ut
e e food. Pu li goods a e go e ed
oth pu li
a d p i ate p ope t s he es as e a see i the health
a d edu aio do ai s a d the featu es of goods a e
athe stai . I polii al te s, ho e e , e luda ilit a d
i al a e so ial o st u ts that a e odiied so ial
a a ge e ts. Goods ote e o e p i ate o pu li as a
esult of deli e ate poli
hoi es o te h i al p og esses.
P op ieta
ights a e a set of so ial a d legal o s,
hose atu e a d spe ii iies a e dete i ed
ea h
so iet . Pu li a d p i ate goods a e dei ed
e itlee ts, egulaio s a d sa io s that allo ed e tai a i iies a d p os i ed othe s fo spe ii g oups o people.
Food is a de fa to i pu e pu li good, ete te ed as
o
o good, go e ed
pu li i situio s i
a
aspe ts food safet egulaio s, ut iio , seed a kets,
fe ilize su sidies , p o ided
olle i e a io s i thousa ds of usto a a d post-i dust ial olle i e a a gee ts ooki g e ipes, fa e s’ seed e ha ges, o su e -p odu e s asso iaio s, oope ai es o o
u it -suppo ted ag i ultu e , ut la gel dist i uted
aket ules. Ma so ieies ha e o side ed, a d sill o side , food as a o
o good, as ell as fo ests, ishe ies, la d a d ate .
The o
odii aio a d elated p i aizaio of food is
athe o pleted o ada s. As su h, the e losu e
e ha is s, th ough legislaio , e essi e p i i g o pate ts, pla a ole i li ii g the a ess to food to illio s
a k to o te ts SCN NEWS #40
.u s .o g
“peake ’s Co e
of people. Hu a ei gs a eat
ha e o e to u it o ea s to
odiizaio
oulded the do i a
te that feeds a g eat sha e of the
food as lo g as the
p odu e it. This o t i dust ial food s so ld populaio .
. The u sustai a le i dustrial food s ste
The i dust ial a d highl
e ha ized food s ste has
a hie ed e a ka le outputs du i g the se o d half of
the th e tu
i easi g food p odu io a d fa ilitai g food a ess to illio s of u a a d u al d elle s.
T ipli g glo al op p odu io , i easi g ields a d lo e i g food p i es ha e e eited ost o su e s i the
o ld. P odu i it gai s, ho e e , ha e ee u e e
a oss egio s a d li ited to so e e eal ops i e,
aize a d heat . The o ld p odu es e ough alo ies to
feed a glo al populaio of
illio a d et e aste
o e thi d of that food si pl e ause of its lo p i e i
the a ket a d ou fail to app e iate its o -e o o i
alues. This i dust ial food s ste is also hea il su sidized a d a pl fa ou ed
ta e e pio s. It is ot
si pl a p i ate good i a u fete ed a ket. The o o e io al, alte ai e o ag oe ologi al s ste s a e
ot e uall su sidized though.
The o
odii aio of the i dust ial food s ste also
ought a u desi a le o se ue es. Just to a e a
fe , o e a e i d o eself that % of hu g people
a e the sel es food p odu e s o ag i ultu al la ou e s.
Ag i ultu e akes poo use of othe o
o goods su h
as ate , lo g-te
sto age di i ishes the ut iious
p ope ies of so e foods, p odu io of e pt a d heap
alo ies e de s o esit a g o i g glo al pa de i . Food
p odu io is ote highl e e g i ei ie t, ith lo g
suppl hai s o t i ui g to li ate ha ge. “oil deg adaio is the o
i
o o ultu e s ste s, ith added
loss of iodi e sit , hi h othe ise ould o t i ute to
the edu io of p odu io isk, help to p ese e ultu e,
a d e ou age di e se diets. We eat adl a d p odu e
food i a athe u sustai a le a e a d ith this do i a t o o e , o food aio alit , hu ge sill p e ails
i a o ld of a u da e. Mo eo e , i the last de ade
this o
odii aio see s to ha e go e too fa as food
a e spe ulated ith, di e ted f o hu a o su pio to iofuel p odu io a d used as a jusii aio fo
u ethi al la d g a i g.
Although la gel let to the a ket, so iet at la ge e e theless ag ees that all people should ha e ea s to se-
u e e ough a d ade uate food. Fo
a
ea s, e
e e told that loosel egulated a ket fo es ould lead
the aio al a d i te aio al food s ste s to e adi ate
hu ge a d a hie e food a d ut iio se u it , as lo g as
the o ld’s a e age ealth i eased. The food arket
k o s est" as the e
a t a. Ho e e , ealit has
p o e othe ise: u egulated a kets do ot dist i ute
food ade uatel , as it is losel ied to pu hasi g po e .
Mo eo e , despite the o
o elia e o i dust selfegulaio a d pu li -p i ate pa t e ships PPPs to i p o e pu li health a d ut iio , the e is o e ide e to
suppo t thei efe i e ess i a hie i g this goal o i
gua a teei g food safet . T a s aio al food o po aio s a e a o g the ajo d i e s of o esit due to thei
p o oio of i eased o su pio of ult ap o essed
food a d d i ks. The o l
e ha is that see s a le to
p e e t the ha
aused
the g o i g do i aio of
these i dust ies a d thei i lue e o diets is pu li i te e io i the a ket. “o fa , PPPs see si pl to e eit p i ate a to s as plafo s to eake the “tate egulato po e a d e e t p oit-d i e lo
i pu li poli
- aki g.
A food s ste a ho ed i the o side aio of food as a
o
odit to e dist i uted a o di g to the de a d
a d suppl a ket ules ill e e a hie e food a d ut iio se u it fo all. The p i ate se to is ot i te ested i
people ho do ot ha e the o e to pa fo thei se i es o goods, hethe ideoga es o staple food.
Mo eo e , a kets, go e ed
p i ate, i di idual selfi te est, ill ot p o ide a ade uate ua it of pu li
goods ith e o ous although o - o eized e eits
to hu a ei gs, as the e ei ial e te aliies a ot e
aptu ed those p i ate a kets.
As o pa ai e ases, o e ould a al se othe pu li
goods su h as health a d edu aio . Both ha e ee o side ed as pu li espo si iliies si e the I dust ial Re oluio a d the efo e p ote ted state egulaio s, su sidies a d legal e itle e ts. A d et, it is idel a epted
that p i ate s hools, u i e siies a d hospitals ha e also a
ole to pla i p o idi g those e itle e ts to so iet .
U like the o po ate food se to , the ai goal of the
p i ate edu aio a d health se to s is ot a i izi g
p oit ut deli e i g good ualit edu aio a d health
a d thus o t i ui g to the pu li good. O the o t a ,
food as a o
odit is t aded he e the p oit a e
a i ized, ho e e i po ta t it a e fo hu a su a k to o te ts SCN NEWS #40
.u s .o g
i al a d dis ega di g the ut iio al a d so ial o seue es of p odu i g food u sustai a l a d dist i ui g
food u fai l .
The highl - eeded a ai e to stee a t a siio to a ds
fai e a d o e sustai a le food s ste s should e o e
a out alui g the uliple di e sio s of food othe tha
its a ii iall -lo p i e i the a ket tha oosi g sustai a le i te sii aio of food p odu io o s ali g up
te h olog - ased pate ted sil e - ullets i fo
of geei all
odiied o ga is s GMOs , a ote h olog o
e ha ized o o oppi g ag i ultu e.
. Li itaio s of the state– arket duopol for a fairer
food go er a e
Fo e tu ies, the state a d the lo al uli g po e s e e ted a ota le i lue e o food-p odu i g s ste s, eithe
o t olli g ea s of p odu io la d, ate , seeds,
o kfo e , ta i g food p odu io o e a i g egulai g
f a e o ks. Food as egula l t aded i the a ket as
ell as ha ested o hu ted fo f ee i atu e. Late o ,
du i g the th a d th e tu ies, food e ol ed f o a
o
o lo al esou e to a p i ate t a s aio al o odit , e o i g a i dust a d a a ket of ass o su pio . The i dust ial food s ste seeks to a u ulate
u de p i ed food esou es a d a i izes the p oit of
food e te p ises i stead of a i izi g the ut iio a d
health e eits of food to all.
The p o ess as ot pa allel i all ou t ies e.g. the o u ist pe iod of the fo e “o iet U io a d its allies o
the a ied pe et aio of a ket-led pa adig s i usto a
ai e so ieies of de elopi g ou t ies , ut it
e a e the do i a t i dust ial s ste that full o t ols
i te aio al food t ade, feeds a g eat sha e of the glo al
populaio a d has gi e ise to the o po ate o t ol of
life-suppo i g i dust ies, f o la d a d ate g a i g
to ag i ultu al fuel- ased i puts. Mea hile, although
the state has sh u k d asi all , espe iall ate the st u tu al adjust e t p og a
es a d the ise of the Washi gto Co se sus of the
sa d
s, it e ai s a
i po ta t fo e i glo al a d aio al food go e a e
ia food a d ag i ultu al su sidies, food safet egulaio s, health a d ut iio o e age a d ag i ultu al esea h a d e te sio . A d e e as the e has ee a ise
i i siste e of lei g the a ket ule a d o the i po ta e of f ee p i es, the state, espo di g to polii al
a d so ei es so ial i pe ai es, o i ues to i se t
“peake ’s Co e
p i e edges – ta es o su sidies – i to the
a ket.
Ho e e , this state– a ket duopol i food go e a e
p odu io , dist i uio a d safet has ot ee a le to
a hie e a fai o sustai a le food s ste i
hi h s all
fa e s a ea a li i g out of thei la d plots, e e od a eat ade uatel th ee i es pe da , ea s of
p odu io a e ot depleted, ish sto ks a e ot o e ished, a a le la ds a e take a e of o ate is adeuatel used.
Rathe , the a solute o
odii aio spu ed
o poaio s a d states has deta hed food f o its uliple
di e sio s just to etai
its t adea le featu es
du a ilit , e te al eaut , sta da dizaio . The ut iio al p ope ies of food a d food’s i po ta e as a good
ea t to ou ish people ha e also pe ished o the a .
The o side aio of food as a pu e o
odit , hi h e
ust e e e is a so ial o st u t, is adi all opposed
to its o side aio as a hu a ight that should e gua a teed to all a aspe t that sill eso ates i u e ous
ou t ies o as a o
o good that should e a aila le
to e e hu a ei g to gua a tee su i al.
. What eeds to ha ge: shiti g i dsets a d e plori ga o
o s- ased food a d utriio tra siio
With illio s of people eedlessl d i g p e atu el
ea h ea f o hu ge a d o esit , o od a dispute
the eed fo a ha ge. A e- o
o ii aio of food is a
esse ial pa adig shit i light of the glo al ight agai st
hu ge a d al ut iio . Ho e e , al ost o e of the
ost ele a t a al ses p odu ed i the last de ades o
the fault li es of the glo al food s ste a d the e iste e
of hu ge has e e uesio ed the atu e of food as a
p i ate good. The e is a o
o u de sta di g that the
ai p o le
o ada s is the la k of food a ess, a d
a ket ules a d the pu hasi g po e a e the ai fo es to at h food de a d a d suppl .
I te esi gl , this i siste e o u de sta di g food as a
p i ate good o e looks se e al food di e sio s a d
ea s of food p odu io that a e sill lea l u de stood
as o
o goods see Bo . Mo eo e , the e is a g o i g o se sus that health should e o side ed a pu li
good a d he e good ut iio should also ha e a si ila
o side aio . While ut iious foods a d health diets
ould e i al a d e lusi e, thei i sui ie
a
eate
sig ii a t o se ue es fo pu li health, th ough i a k to o te ts SCN NEWS #40
.u s .o g
“peake ’s Co e
eased so ial a d e o o i osts of al ut iio a d
diet- elated ill esses. The efo e, e p opose he e that
food a d ut iio se u it should e u de stood as a
glo al pu li good, as it is eithe i al o e luda le i
theo , a d all i di iduals li i g i a food-se u e so iet
e eit f o that o diio e e if the do ot o t i ute
o pa a thi g fo its p o isio .
. The tri e tri approa h to the re- o
food
o ii aio of
The soluio s to the faili g i dust ial food s ste
ill ot
a i e i a a ket-d i e sil e - ullet pa a ea o i a
e t alized state-led s he e, ut ill e ui e e pe i e taio at uliple le els pe so al, lo al, aio al, i te aio al a d di e se app oa hes to go e a e
a ketled, state-led a d olle i e a io -led . We eed to elai
a
e
a ai e to u de take this eo
o ii aio of food, i easi g the p opo io of
goods a d se i es o su ed outside the egulated fo al a ket, eithe a ui ed i the pu li sphe e o i the
self- egulated sphe e. Nu e ous e a ples of food sha i g, food glea i g, food s ap s he es, fai t ade, p odu e s– o su e s asso iaio s, o
u it -suppo ted ag iultu e, u a o ha ds o the
iad of di e se alte ai e food et o ks e.g. food t usts i the U ited “tates
a d food s aps i Aust alia a e p o i g
doi g that
the e is a g o i g o e e t that is p odu i g, t adi g
a d alui g food outside the t adiio al a ket–state
ules a d egulaio s. Those alte ai e food o e e ts
a e uildi g a e pol e t i go e a e of the food
s ste f o the g ass oots, as Eli o Ost o
i el depi ted fo othe o
o -pool esou es. A d these selfegulated i situio al a a ge e ts ased o olle i e
a io s shall also e gi e due o side aio , app op iate
legal e itle e ts, ade uate fu di g a d polii al suppo t, just as the i dust ial food s ste has e jo ed fo
de ades.
Food ould e p odu ed, dist i uted a d o su ed
th ee-p o ged i situio al a a ge e ts o pou ded of
a i i olle i e a io s fo food o Alte ai e Food
Net o ks u de take i iiall at lo al le el;
go e e ts hose ai goal is to a i ize the ell- ei g of
thei iize s a d p o ide a e a li g f a e o k fo
the to e jo food a d ut iio se u it ; a d
a p iate se to that a p ospe f o the esou es it o s
o e ts u de state egulaio s a d i e i es. The e is a
Bo . Food-related di e sio s idel
a epted as o
o goods
a. T adiio al ag i ultu al k o ledge a uulated ate thousa ds of ea s of
p a i es
. Mode s ie e- ased ag i ultu al
k o ledge p odu ed
aio al i situio s
. Cuisi es, e ipes a d aio al gast o od. Edi le pla ts a d a i als p odu ed
atu e ish sto ks a d ild f uits a d
a i als
e. Ge ei esou es fo food a d ag i ultu e
f. Food safet o side aio s e.g. Code
Ali e ta ius
g. Nut iio i ludi g hu ge a d o esit
i ala es as pu li ads
h. Food p i e sta ilit i glo al a d aio al
a kets
eed to e-a o
odate this ou i g fo e of iize s´
a io s to e lai food as a o
o good. Food a a d
should e sha ed ithi a pol e t i go e a e st u tu e, gi e fo f ee, gua a teed the state, uli ated
a a d also t aded i the a ket. The t a siio toa ds a sustai a le food s ste should e alue the o o eta di e sio s of food, a d he e the glo al a d
lo al food p odu io a d dist i uio s ste s shall ot
e e lusi el go e ed
suppl –de a d a ket ules.
Pu hasi g po e a ot e lusi el dete i e ou a ess to su h esse ial.
Ci i olle i e a io s fo food a e uilt upo the so ioe ologi al p a i es of i i e gage e t, o
u it a d
the ele aio of lo al food a d the a e ke u its fo
the t a siio to a ds a o e ut iio -se sii e, sustai a le a d fai e food a d ag i ultu e s ste
apa le of
feedi g us all
5 a d e o d. Thei fou daio s la
o the uliple o side aio of food as a a asi hu a
eed to e a aila le to all;
a fu da e tal hu a ight
to e gua a teed to e e
iize of e e
ou t ;
a
ultu al pilla eithe as p odu e s o o su e s; d a
a keta le p odu t su je t to fai t ade a d sustai a le
p odu io ; a d e a glo al o
o good to e e jo ed
a k to o te ts SCN NEWS #40
.u s .o g
hu a ki d. Both usto a a d post-i dust ial
i e a io s fo food sha e this ulidi e sio al o
aio of food that di e ges f o the u idi e sio
p oa h of food as a o
odit
the ai st ea
t ial food s ste .
“peake ’s Co e
olle side al api dus-
. What this ea s for the food s ste : legal a d poliial i pli aio s of treai g food as a o
o good
If food is o side ed a o
o good, the legal, e o o i
a d polii al i pli aio s ould e huge, e taili g o seue es fa e o d the hu g a d the ou t ies ha ou i g hu g people. To date, ad o ai g fo a ihu ge a d a io esit
easu es has ee e
u h depe di g o de o st ai g the e o o i a d polii al
losses that hu ge a d o esit i poses to hu a so ieies a d e o o ies
i easi g health e pe ditu e, dete i g i o aio a d p odu i it o t igge i g so ial
u est a d polii al tu oil. Co e sel , alte ai e o e o o i a gu e ts a d st ategies to ight hu ge a d
o esit ha e ee la gel egle ted, ith e a ples a gi g f o ethi al i pe ai es, pu li health o side aio s,
so ial ohesio o hu a ights app oa hes to a e just
a fe . Co side i g food as a o
o good ould p o ide
the ade uate aio ale to suppo t these o -e o o i
a gu e ts.
Food should e kept out f o t ade ag ee e ts deali g
ith pu e p i ate goods a d the e ould e a eed to
esta lish a pa i ula i te aio al legal a d go e a e
s ste fo p odu io , dist i uio a d a ess to food at
glo al le el. That ould pa e the a fo
o e i di g
legal f a e o ks, os opolita glo al poli ies o f ate al ethi s fo the hole hu a a e.
U i e sal food o e age s he es o food se u it loo s
ould e eated, he e the state should gua a tee a
i i u a ou t of food fo all fo e a ple, o e loaf of
ead, te torillas o t o i jeras , pa alleli g the so ial
p ote io loo s that a e ei g i ple e ted i
a
high-i o e ou t ies. That ould also e do e
e ualli g the i i u sala to the aio al food asket.
Mo eo e , the e ould e a legal a d ethi al g ou d to
a i a ial spe ulaio o food, as this spe ulaio does
ot e eit eithe the p odu e s o the o su e s of su h
a esse ial esou e. A d food ould e p io iized fo
hu a o su pio , li ii g the o - o su pio uses
su h as iofuels o li esto k feed.
I
o aio i ag i ultu al a d ut iio esea h a d loall -adapted te h ologies ould highl e eit f o this
o side aio , foste i g o dsou i g i o aio s a d
eai e o
o s li e si g s ste s to i p o e the ut iio -se sii e food s ste . Millio s of people i o ai g
ha e fa o e apa it to i d adapi e a d app op iate
soluio s tha a fe thousa d s ie ists. The op ighted
ag i ultu al se to , ith its e essi e pate ts of life a d
iopi a , is dete i g the s ali g up of food a d ut iio
se u it i o aio s. The f eedo to op a tuall p ootes eai it a d i o aio athe tha dete it, as it
a e see i the fashio i dust , the ooki g a d gast o o a eas o the f ee sot a e do ai .
. The food o
o s tra siio
The e- o
o ii aio of food ill take se e al de ades
so the t a siio phase should it ess the oe iste e of
a dual o side aio of food: as a o
o good, he e
a i i u a ou t should e a aila le a d a essi le to
e e hu a
ei g; a d as a p i ate good su je t to
t ade. I a
ase, self-go e i g olle i e a io s a ot
do the t a siio
the sel es, as food p o isio a d
food a d ut iio se u it shall i ol e g eate le els of
pu li se to i ol e e t a d a ket-d i e dist i uio s. He e, the e should e e a li g spa es fo lo al
go e
e ts, p i ate e t ep e eu s a d self-o ga ized
o
u iies to oe ist, ith the “tate taki g a leadi g
ole at the i iial stage of the t a siio pe iod, ot o l
as a egulato
e ha is
ut also as a fu di g a d ope aio al i st u e t to a hie e so iall desi ed olle i e
goods that is, the food a d ut iio se u it of the populaio .
Fi di g the ade uate e uili iu
et ee this t i e t i
i situio al setup ill e o e of the ajo halle ges hua ki d ill ha e to add ess i the st e tu , as lo g
as the populaio g o s a d Ea th’s a i g apa it
see s to e su passed
hu a g eed fo esou es, as
Gha di o e e io ed.
Fi all , i a o da e ith the o
o atu e of food, I
ould el o e o
e ts to fu the ela o ate this aio ale a d its p a i al i pli aio s, ideall p odu ed i a
o
o s a e . A fai e a d o e sustai a le ut iio -se sii e food a d ag i ultu e s ste is possi le, ut
e eed to e o side the food a ai e to guide that
t a siio . I do ot e pe t to see this ha ge o pleted
du i g
lifei e, ut I hope ou hild e
a .
a k to o te ts SCN NEWS #40
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