Aadhaar

Embroiled in the world-wide obsession with a ‘war on terror’, India is increasingly becoming a surveillance state, the common, easily palatable yet unfortunate argument is that the surveillance is for “our benefit”. New techniques of surveillance on the citizens are mutating the reach of the State, the government is putting in place what supposedly helps it deal with, an anarchic new world of constant and undeclared cyber threat. It is not just about surveillance, but the governmentality at play — the various ways in which the State is exercising control over its citizens.

Rishabh Garg | BITS India, is Software Development Engineer (L3) with Google. He has earned a specialization in Blockchain from the University of Buffalo, New York; Applied Data Science with Python from University of Michigan, US; and Investment Management from University of Geneva, Switzerland.

He has authored books on ‘From Virtual World to Real Lives’ in two volumes (Taylor & Francis, Routledge, Oxfordshire, UK); Blockchain for Real World Applications (John Wiley & Sons Inc. US), One World - One Identity and Self Sovereign Identities that were published in US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Spain, and Portugal.

He is a Journal Referee with IEEE Internet of Things, and a Program Committee Member cum Reviewer for more than 40 International Conferences held in San Francisco, California, US; Vancouver, Toronto, Canada; London, GB; Zurich, Switzerland; Copenhagen, Denmark; Melbourne, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and Dubai, UAE. He is an active contributor to the open-source software community and has accomplished a dozen projects in Web D, Machine Learning, Blockchain, and Financial Management.

Rishabh is recipient of the National Award for Exceptional Achievements in Innovation from the President of India and National CSIR Innovation Award from the Prime Minister of India. He has also received an International Bronze Award from the Royal Commonwealth Society, London and Young Scientist Award from Ministry of Science & Technology, and Earth Sciences, Government of India for creative technological solutions.

Rishabh Garg | Software Development Engineer (L3) with Google, Bangalore has worked in Data Science for Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi; as Brand Partner with Cuvette; as SRE with Flipkart, India; as SDE with ServiceNow, Hyderabad.

He has authored books on ‘From Virtual World to Real Lives’ in two volumes (Taylor & Francis, Routledge, Oxfordshire, UK); Blockchain for Real World Applications (John Wiley & Sons Inc. US), One World - One Identity and Self Sovereign Identities that were published in US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Spain, and Portugal.

He is a Journal Referee with IEEE Internet of Things, and a Program Committee Member cum Reviewer for more than 40 International Conferences held in San Francisco, California, US; Vancouver, Toronto, Canada; London, GB; Zurich, Switzerland; Copenhagen, Denmark; Melbourne, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and Dubai, UAE.

Rishabh is recipient of the National Award for Exceptional Achievements in Innovation from the President of India and National CSIR Innovation Award from the Prime Minister of India. He has also received an International Bronze Award from the Royal Commonwealth Society, London and Young Scientist Award from Ministry of Science & Technology, and Earth Sciences, Government of India for creative technological solutions.

Background : A case study on the nature and determinants of work participation among rural elderly people has been undertaken in this work. The paper analyses the economic life with respect to work participation among elderly people belonging to Sumi community living in rural areas of the state Nagaland in India. Methods : Cross sectional primary data on rural elderly above 60 years of age has been used in the study. And in order to study the nature and determinants of work participation of the elderly we have applied both descriptive statistical analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis to present our findings. F indings : Majority of elderly in the study area were still found to be engaged in economic activities both as full time and part time workers respectively. Among those elderly people working, majority of the respondents were found to be in informal economic activity such as agriculture and allied activities. Factors such as age of the elderly, sex, income and h...

Ginger (ZingiberofficinaleRosc.) is an important commercial crop. India is the largest producer consumer and exporter of ginger in the world. In India ginger is cultivated in most of the states of India. The major ginger growing states face labour shortages, during planting season, as it coincides with field operations of rice and other crops. Thus mechanized planting of ginger will overcome labour shortage, improve timeliness of operation and reduce cost, drudgery and yield losses. Besides these, mechanized planting increases the area under ginger cultivation and production. The ICAR-CIAE Bhopal developed a tractor-operated ginger planter to overcome the problems of manual planting. The planter consists of a hopper, a metering disc for picking the rhizomes, an agitator, seed tubes, furrow openers, a bottom ridger to form ridges, a ground wheel, and a frame. The developed three-row ginger rhizome planter helps precise planting of seed rhizomes.

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the question of work and labour was being deeply pondered upon. The demarcations that emerged out of this juncture led to a bifurcation of labour into 'essential workers', who are pushed into precarity from the threat of disease and contractual uncertainty in employment, and those who 'work from home'. While geo-spatial segregation of these distinctions is contingent upon the specific relation of the nature of work with datafication, we are impelled to ponder upon the role that the accumulation of surplus value plays in this process. More specifically we must ask, what role does digital labour play in the datafication and datafied reorganization of work and workplaces? The inadequateness of data colonialism as a theoretical tool that accounts for the historical-materialist and dialectical roots of extraction and accumulation of user data requires a retheorization of the process. In this paper, I shall examine the ontological inadequacies of the metaphors of colonialism, and its extractivist logic, being transposed and mapped onto the studies of datafication. Following this I shall explore 'digital dispossession' as a convergence of Digital Capitalism and the neoliberal reorganization of digitized social labour, alongside its necropolitical implications. Drawing upon David Harvey's theorization of 'Accumulation by Dispossession', I argue for a classical Marxist interpretation of datafication as a new reorganization of capitalist accumulation that acts and appropriates surplus generated by prosumers through the unpaid and discursive digital labour performed on digital platforms.

In India, the digitalization of banking has been a revolutionary movement that has completely changed the way financial services are provided. The government's goal for financial inclusion, the development of new technology, and the expansion of the telecom industry has all contributed to the digitalization of banking in India. The banking industry's digitization is probably going to keep being a major factor in the growth of the Indian financial sector. Every financial transaction is significantly impacted by a variety of e-banking service kinds. The Indian banking industry no longer functions without e-banking services. Banks should concentrate on raising consumer knowledge of e-banking services as they expand. The banking industry will inevitably become more digital as smartphone usage rises to meet global standards. Further changes to India's banking sector are still to come.

Biometrics are physical measurements of different body parts (iris, fingerprints, face, DNA) used for identification purposes. They are typically unique characteristics that can be used to verify identities. Biometrics collection has been used as a tool to increase the power of police, government, and private companies to identify, monitor, and track people. Data sharing is the often automated sharing of vast datasets on people's identities and lives. Local, state, and federal agencies increasingly share data between their systems. Private companies also collect, sell, and share data with government agencies.

Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi launched a national government project called “Jan Dhan Yojana”, with the aim of providing banking opportunity and insurance coverage to all the citizens of India including the under privileged section who until now did not open bank accounts or personal insurance. The aim of this project is to attract those people with low incomes, who lack knowledge, who feel they do not need banking service or do not have funds to open an account. The present study attempts to examine the Indian Financial Inclusion in the context of Individual participation, through the case of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. The paper aims to understand the consumer participation and non-participation and its implications as a financial inclusion strategy. The paper evaluates the impact of digital divide on digital participation of the consumers in the context of internet and mobile banking service users.

Organ Donation Management System is a novel idea to support organ donors in India with a new age interface and ease of registration, and systematic guidelines of Government India to ensure the legalities. As we included a Aadhar authentication for this process to register a donor, we duly abide by the laws, values and of Donors to serve the communities in India. ODMS is an online system which consists of Android Application and a Website. The health care system has access to detailed information of patients and donors within a management. As the penetration of Mobile phone and gadgets is another boon for this project idea deployment. We designed a system if a user willing to donate organs post their death due to an unfortunate accident or incident with help of Aadhar system we trace the organ donor and within the golden period we take the permission of family members of deceased organ donor to transplant his organs to other patients in need. Aadhar plays a pivotal role in this entire system.

Financial Inclusion means individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs like transactions, payments, savings, credit and insurance delivered in a responsible and sustainable manner. The financial inclusion in recent years have assumed new dimensions. Government of India has undertaken various initiatives for financial inclusion such as nationalization of banks, opening of cooperative societies, a number of financial inclusion

विचारधारा बनाम सामाजिक चेतना के रूप में मैनहेम और भौतिकवाद -
वैज्ञानिकों के बीच इस बात पर सर्वमान्य सहमति है कि मनुष्य प्रथम और अंतिम सामाजिक प्राणी है। तब यह तर्कसंगत होगा कि रिश्ते - और सामाजिक चेतना - महत्वपूर्ण होंगे। इस जटिल समाज में मनुष्य कार्य करने में सक्षम नहीं होंगे यदि उनके पास किसी प्रकार की कार्यात्मक सामाजिक चेतना नहीं है। लगभग दो हजार वर्षों तक हिंदू धर्म में धर्म की महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणा रही है - सामाजिक व्यवस्था और भूमिकाएं, कन्फ्यूशीवाद में दूसरों की तरह स्वयं की केंद्रीय अवधारणा थी। फिलिपिनो संस्कृति में "कपवा [साझा पहचान] मानदंड और मूल्य हैं जो फिलिपिनो संस्कृति में अंतर्निहित हैं। प्राचीन अफ्रीकी संस्कृति में उबंटू की अवधारणा व्यापक रूप से फैली हुई है - एंग्लिकन बिशप टूटू द्वारा इसकी वकालत नहीं की गई है, उबंटू एक न्गुनी बंटू शब्द है जिसका अर्थ है "मानवता"। कभी-कभी इसका अनुवाद "मैं हूं क्योंकि हम हैं" (यह भी "मैं हूं क्योंकि आप हैं"), या "दूसरों के प्रति मानवता" के रूप में किया जाता है।

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of non-cash transactions in regional financial management. This research method is a qualitative method with a approach multicase studies. Data collection through interviews,  observation and documentation is then processed through data reduction,  data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data analysis through the Government Internal Control System approach. The informants of this study consisted of regional financial managers. The results showed that the implementation of non-cash transactions was carried out in stages,  there was diversity in implementation,  had an impact on the efficiency of administration time,  budget,  accountability and transparency of cash management and decreased the number of audit findings,  but the implementation of non-cash transactions had not had an impact on the recording process of financial statement transactions. accrual-based,  efficient audit process time,  unorganized administration of financial...

WHO has designated Coronavirus [1] as a global pandemic, and people around the world are perturbed. Governments all around the world have put forth their best endeavour to battle with COVID-19. With the whole economy getting mangled with the deadly Coronavirus digital technology and mobile application have been the critical arsenal lately in the war against Covid-19. In this paper, the current study provides a holistic viewpoint on the use of digital technology and mobile application [2] in India for the containment and mitigation of novel Coronavirus and its severe impact on education and health sector. These experiences will lead to better pandemic preparedness and prevention in the future. IndexTerms Mobile application, COVID-19, education system, digital technology, India.

This study aims to describe the role of Sheikh Dr. Abdul Karim Amrullah in developing Muhammadiyah in Maninjau. This type of research is qualitative research with historical methods, and heuristic measures, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The theory and approach in this research is the phenomenological approach and the theory of study figures. The results obtained from this study first, Sheikh Dr. H. Abdul Karim was a scholar who was born in 1879 Ad and died in 1945 A.D. He was born to a religious family, since childhood he has received a religious education from both parents and then continued his education through non-formal course. Secondly, the role of Sheikh Dr. H. Abdul Karim Amrullah in developing Muhammadiyah in Maninjau, backed by the religious condition of Maninjau that time has been mixed only, is no longer distinguished where the teachings of pure Islam and which are mixed with bid'ah, and Khurafat. This is what prompted Sheikh Dr. H. Abdul Kari...

Budget planning is the initial stage for the running of government activities. Budget planning becomes an instrument or tool in evaluating and monitoring government performance to achieve the intended mission vision. This research aims to find out the budget planning in Bappelitbang Bandung city in 2019-2020 reviewed from the principle of preparing APBD. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation. The determination of informants in this study was done with purposive sampling techniques. In processing and analysis of data is carried out with three series including data reduction, presentation of data, and verification or drawing conclusions. The results showed that the budget planning in Bappelitbang Bandung city in 2019-2020 was reviewed from the principle of preparing APBD has been going well. However, there are several obstacles in budget planning, including due to the ...

Identity verification has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. From accessing financial services to online shopping and healthcare, and securing our sensitive information from cybercriminals. However, as we embrace this modern convenience of identity verification it comes the potential risks of collecting and sharing personal information, raising concerns about privacy breaches.

"MERA ADHAAR, MERI PEHCHAN”
Adhaar, which can be in the simplest language, can be described as an individual's identity. More specifically a unique identity based on their demographic and biometric data. Paul Romer, the chief economist for the World Bank also described Aadhar as the most advanced ID program on the planet. In India, it is the largest biometric ID system, which is not a proof of citizenship, more accurately it is seen as proof of residence.

Aadhaar is an extremely good initiative by
Government of India for the identification of the
people residing in India. It’s an identity document
that can be used for making other documents related
to identity of the person. Now-a-days it has gone
beyond this point and now it is been included into
public services for the efficient delivery of the
services and to remove the bottlenecks. This research
paper has come up with the problems faced by the
people for linking their aadhaar card with public
services and the possible potential solutions. Lack of
awareness has been observed among the population.
Aadhaar still has a long way to go as still it is in the
incubation stage.

As a comprehensive socio-economic protection package, DBT will certainly fulfill the living expectation of the government and people specially the deprived and hapless through ‘Aap Ka Paisa Aap Ke Haath’. We hope more schemes shall be covered under DBT and the whole country and its people will get the benefits directly without any delay or deficiencies. However, just creation of system, structure and institutions for better economic development by providing autonomy through decentralization and participatory management of various schemes is not enough rather to create a sustainable people-centered environment in which the various segments of the society can exercise their voice and choice and will get the benefits from the schemes. The beneficiaries should understand and enjoy their rights and can get involved in the decision making process for better inclusiveness, In fact, democracy loses its shine if the poorer and the deprived masses of a country are not able to share the progre...

The Aadhaar-based Biometric Authentication system was introduced in all Public Distribution System outlets in Hyderabad between February and March 2016. A survey of 80 households (284 persons) in November finds that despite the introduction of technology-intensive authentication and payment systems, a significant number of those vulnerable and dependent on PDS for food grains are failing to realise their right to food. It is alarming that these sophisticated systems fail even in locations where connectivity and technical know-how are relatively advanced.

With the advent of Digital India and UID initiatives aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.. It aims to connect entire India digitally in the span of 4 years i.e. till 2018-19. The idea behind this is how tremendous and massive amount of information can be utilized to make government, corporate growth and expansion successful. Joining up public sector, data sources can make government more efficient, save money, identify fraud and help public bodies better serve their citizens. To maintain data with respect to UID scheme, required information of all residents will contain biometric details like photograph, ten figure prints and iris of each and every individual along with other usual details. A 12 digit unique number will be allotted to all irrespective of any classification based on caste, gender, religion and geography. These details and randomly generated unique number will be stored in the centralized database which is subsequently link...

"अनुभव ने देहाती देखभाल करने वालों को दिखाया है कि यदि वे संकट के समय में अपने आध्यात्मिक अनुभवों को" वास्तविक "कर सकते हैं तो व्यक्ति बेहतर तरीके से सामना करते हैं।"
आध्यात्मिक अनुभवों में रुचि की पर्याप्त मात्रा हाल ही में मनोविज्ञान में विचार के (अनौपचारिक) देहाती स्कूल से रुचि के फिर से उभरने से प्रतीत होती है। उदाहरण के लिए, लेखकों (ईस्टरलिंग एट अल) का मानना है कि "इसके विपरीत, अनुभव ने देहाती देखभाल करने वालों को दिखाया है कि व्यक्ति संकट के समय में अपने आध्यात्मिक अनुभवों को "वास्तविक" कर सकते हैं तो वे बेहतर तरीके से सामना करते हैं। (आध्यात्मिक अनुभव, चर्च में उपस्थिति, और शोक," लैरी डब्ल्यू। ईस्टरलिंग, टीएच.डी., लुई ए. गामिनो, पीएचडी, केनेथ डब्ल्यू. सेवेल, पीएचडी, लिंडा एस. स्टिरमैन, बीएसएन द्वारा)
इसके बाद केट एडम्स बिशप ग्रोसेटेस्टे यूनिवर्सिटी कॉलेज लिंकन ब्रेंडन हाइड ऑस्ट्रेलियाई कैथोलिक विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा "चिल्ड्रन्स ग्रीफ ड्रीम्स एंड द थ्योरी ऑफ स्पिरिचुअल इंटेलिजेंस" पर लेख है।
अध्यात्म मनुष्य की स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति है... और स्वयं, दूसरों, और दुनिया (या ब्रह्मांड) के साथ एक व्यक्ति की जुड़ाव की भावना से संबंधित है। कुछ लोगों के लिए, एक पारलौकिक आयाम के साथ जुड़ाव आध्यात्मिकता का एक हिस्सा है ... कि आध्यात्मिकता में अपने स्वयं के साथ अपने संबंधों के बारे में गहरी जागरूकता शामिल है, और हर उस चीज़ के साथ जो स्वयं के अलावा है ...। एक प्रकार की बुद्धि के रूप में आध्यात्मिकता… .. बुद्धि की एक विशिष्ट विशेषता समस्याओं को हल करने की क्षमता से संबंधित है।
सार: रूपरेखा
भाग I. मृत्यु और शोक पर परिप्रेक्ष्य
ए। "मृत्यु, विशेष रूप से जब यह संवेदनहीनता और अर्थहीनता का मुखौटा पहनती है, तो यह" जीवन के अर्थ "के लिए अंतिम चुनौती प्रतीत होगी जैसा कि लेखक जेनोफ-बुलमैन और मैकफर्सन (1997) जोर देते हैं।
बी। नया एकीकृत दृष्टिकोण: फ्रैंकल, जंग और डब्ल्यू जेम्स की संश्लेषण-सहमति: आध्यात्मिक अनुभव अर्थ और वास्तविकता की भावना उत्पन्न करते हैं
सी. स्पिरिचुअल इंटेलिजेंस - एक दृष्टिकोण जो नए एकीकृत दृष्टिकोण में सामंजस्य स्थापित करता है: केट एडम्स, लिंकन ब्रेंडन हाइड
भाग द्वितीय। मृतक के सपने और दर्शन - सिंहावलोकन
बिना प्रश्न के मृतक के सपने हजारों वर्षों से चल रहे हैं, इसलिए बिना प्रश्न के मृतक के सपनों के लिए एक "सामान्य स्थिति" है। मृतक का सबसे पहला दर्ज सपना मिस्र के इतिहास से 750 ईसा पूर्व से पहले का है।
भाग III। अनुकूली तंत्र के रूप में मृतक के सपने और दर्शन
1 जूली एस पार्कर, शोक संतप्त और अनुकूली परिणाम के असाधारण अनुभव
2 लैरी डब्ल्यू। ईस्टरलिंग एट अल आध्यात्मिक अनुभव, चर्च उपस्थिति, और शोक,
3 बच्चों के दुःख के सपने और आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि का सिद्धांत: केट एडम्स बिशप ग्रोसेटेस्टे यूनिवर्सिटी कॉलेज लिंकन ब्रेंडन हाइड ऑस्ट्रेलियाई कैथोलिक विश्वविद्यालय
स्लोवाकिया से लिविंग एंड द डेड एथ्नोग्राफिक केस स्टडी के बीच संचार विधि के रूप में 4 सपने - गैब्रिएला किलियानोवा
भाग चतुर्थ। जीन मैकफेल का बचपन का आध्यात्मिक अनुभव:
कविता, दूरदर्शिता, और अर्थ पुनर्निर्माण

The Government of India in an effort to ensure fair supply of food items to all citizens of India instituted Fair Price Shops (FPS) under Public Distribution System (PDS). Essential commodities such as Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Kerosene, etc., are supplied to the targeted underprivileged sections as per the eligibility and at fixed by the Government of India. In spite of the best efforts by Government officials at various levels, there are a few bottle-necks and inconveniences to the targeted citizens in availing the services provided. The aim of this paper is to organize and summarize existing theoretical and empirical work on corruption with a view identifying opportunities for further research. Computerization can help in modernizing the PDS/ FPS. The Andhra Pradesh State has led the way on many reforms intended to address the issues above, and increasingly even poorer states have introduced changes in policies and implementation mechanisms to address the problems of PDS/ FPS[1]. This ...

The lack of coordination in the integration of information systems between government agencies that issue identity numbers causes replication and redundancy of population information data. Another problem is the emergence of citizens' concerns over data integrity and security due to national identification records is also used by the private sector. In this paper, one of the solutions offered to overcome the above problem is to build an integrated national identification database system between government agencies by applying the concept of Single Identity Number (SIN) using blockchain technology. Blockchain is a secure and robust system for keeping a record of the identities of all citizens and also able to facilitate data integration between institutions. This paper uses the strengths of blockchain to possess characteristics of immutability that it is possible to store national identification records.