Applied Mechanics

A novel split beam model is introduced to account for the local effects at the crack tip of bi-material interface by modeling a bi-layer composite beam as two separate shear deformable beams bonded perfectly along their interface. In comparisons with analytical two-dimensional continuum solutions and finite element analysis, better agreements are achieved for the present model, which is capable of capturing the local deformation at the crack tip in contrast to the conventional composite beam theory. New solutions of two important issues of cracked beams, i.e., local buckling and interface fracture, are then presented based on the proposed split bi-layer shear deformable beam model. Local buckling load of a delaminated beam considering the root rotation at the delamination tip is first obtained. By considering the root rotation at the crack tip, the buckling load is lower than the existing solution neglecting the local deformation at the delamination tip. New expressions of energy release rate and stress intensity factor considering the transverse shear effect are obtained by the solution of local deformation based on the novel split beam model, of which several new terms associated with the transverse shear force are present, and they represent an improved solution compared to the one from the classical beam model. Two specimens are analyzed with the present model, and the corresponding refined fracture parameters are provided, which are in better agreement with finite element analysis compared to the available classical solutions.

We consider phase transitions in solids due to heat propagating through crystalline materials at low temperatures. These are considered in a steady state context where, at the transition temperature, the specific heat becomes singular and the heat conductivity has a maximum. Several consequences are found for the heat capacity having finite or infinite jump discontinuities.

A method was proposed in [3] for constructing the equivalent Lagrangian of a non~nservative dynamic system. The method differs from the heuristic method of f'mding a Lagrangian that depends explicitly on time. The goal of the present investigation is to construct the first integral of the system with the use of the Lagrangian proposed in [3]. In contrast to the well-known approaches in [6], where the first integrals were constructed through Lagrangians that depend explicity on time and were obtained earlier in other investigations, here both the fkst integral and the Lagrangian are constructed by the same method with the use of special functions proposed in [6].

Elastomer based pressure sensitive adhesives used in various peeling applications are viscoelastic and expected to be rate sensitive. The effects of varying peel velocity on adhesion energy and its dependence on the peel angle and rate of peeling are investigated. Experiments are conducted on an adhesive tape using a displacement-controlled peel test configuration. By adjusting the peel arm length, the peel velocity can be continuously varied though the extremity of the film is displaced at a constant rate, which results in nonsteady peeling. Constant peel rate tests are performed over a wide range of peeling rates for a fixed peeling angle, which results in steady state peeling. Based upon the experimental data, a power law relation for the adhesive energy of a packaging tape and its dependence on the rate of peeling is presented. The applicability of the rate dependent law for adhesion energy based upon the steady state experiments to the nonsteady peeling process is critically ex...

This article reports on the implementation of published guidelines for retrofitting tractors with safe access platforms, which were developed to reduce the risk of serious injuries and deaths associated with mounting and dismounting. Farmer interviews and engineering−based inspections of ten retrofitted tractors were conducted to gather information regarding benefits and disadvantages of the retrofitting and to assess the construction of the platforms. A scoring system was developed for platform retrofitting, and weighted scores between zero and ten were calculated for tractor access before and after retrofitting. Access was improved on all tractors, although to varying degrees. The average post−retrofit weighted score was 6.3 (range 2.6 to 9.7), compared with the pre−retrofit average of 0.9 (range 0.3 to 1.6). Five tractors received a post−retrofit score of 8.0 or higher. None of the lower−scoring tractors fully met the specifications for placement of the bottom step or rear wheel guard, two key characteristics for runover prevention. Other characteristics associated with a lower post−retrofit score included a low bottom step, high step rises, absence of colored nosing, and the front handrail space not being filled in. Platform retrofitting had little effect on tractor operations and substantially improved ease of access. This is the first published evaluation of a design−based solution for tractor runover injuries. This study shows that general guidelines for retrofitting of safe access platforms can be successfully applied. Mechanisms to increase adherence to the key criteria of bottom step positioning and rear wheel guarding should be included in future promotion.

Nanopaper is a transparent film made of network-forming nanocellulose fibers. These fibers are several micrometers long with a diameter of 4-50 nm. The reported elastic modulus of nanopaper often falls short of even conservative theoretical predictions based on the modulus of crystalline cellulose, although such predictions usually perform well for other fiber composite materials. We investigate this inconsistency and suggest explanations by identifying the critical factors affecting the stiffness of nanopaper. A similar inconsistency is found when predicting the stiffness of conventional paper, and it is usually explained by the effects introduced during drying. We found that the effect of the drying cannot solely explain the relatively low elastic modulus of nanopaper. Among the factors that showed the most influence are the presence of non-crystalline regions along the length of the nanofibers, initial strains and the threedimensional structure of individual bonds.

Identification of material properties of hyper-elastic materials such as soft tissues of the human body or rubber-like materials has been the subject of many works in recent decades. Boundary conditions generally play an important role in solving an inverse problem for material identification, while their knowledge has been taken for granted. In reality, however, boundary conditions may not be available on parts of the problem domain such as for an engineering part, e.g., a polymer that could be modeled as a hyper-elastic material, mounted on a system or an in vivo soft tissue. In these cases, using hypothetical boundary conditions will yield misleading results. In this paper, an inverse algorithm for the characterization of hyper-elastic material properties is developed, which takes into consideration unknown conditions on a part of the boundary. A cost function based on measured and calculated displacements is defined and is minimized using the Gauss-Newton method. A sensitivity analysis is carried out by employing analytic differentiation and using the finite element method (FEM). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical and experimental examples. The novel method is tested with a neo-Hookean and a Mooney-Rivlin hyper-elastic material model. In the experimental example, the material parameters of a silicone based specimen with unknown boundary condition are evaluated. In all the examples, the obtained results are verified and it is observed that the results are satisfactory and reliable.

Mowing is commonly implemented to Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh (Wyoming big sagebrush) plant communities to improve wildlife habitat, increase forage production for livestock, and create fuel breaks for fire suppression. However, information detailing the influence of mowing on winter habitat for wildlife is lacking. This information is crucial because many wildlife species depended on A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities for winter habitat and consume significant quantities of Artemisia during this time. Furthermore, information is generally limited describing the recovery of A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis to mowing and the impacts of mowing on stand structure. Stand characteristics and Artemisia leaf tissue crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were measured in midwinter on 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old fall-applied mechanical (mowed at 20 cm height) treatments and compared to adjacent untreated (control) areas. Mowing compared to the control decreased Artemisia cover, density, canopy volume, canopy elliptical area, and height (P \ 0.05), but all characteristics were recovering (P \ 0.05). Mowing A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities slightly increases the nutritional quality of Artemisia leaves (P \ 0.05), but it simultaneously results in up to 20 years of decrease in Artemisia structural characteristics. Because of the large reduction in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis for potentially 20 years following mowing, mowing should not be applied in Artemisia facultative and obligate wildlife winter habitat. Considering the decline in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensisdominated landscapes, we caution against mowing these communities.

This study proposes an analytical model for vibrations in a cracked rectangular plate as one of the results from a programme of research on vibration based damage detection in aircraft panel structures. This particular work considers an isotropic plate, typically made of aluminium, and containing a crack in the form of a continuous line with its centre located at the centre of the plate, and parallel to one edge of the plate. The plate is subjected to a point load on its surface for three different possible boundary conditions, and one examined in detail. Galerkin's method is applied to reformulate the governing equation of the cracked plate into time dependent modal coordinates. Nonlinearity is introduced by appropriate formulations introduced by applying Berger's method. An approximate solution technique, the method of multiple scales, is applied to solve the nonlinear equation of the cracked plate. Results are presented in terms of natural frequency versus crack length and plate thickness, and the nonlinear amplitude response of the plate is calculated for one set of boundary conditions and three different load locations, over a practical range of external excitation frequencies.

Testing of the load bearing capacity of corrugated board boxes is often associated with uncertainties, e.g. the creases along the edges of the side panels introduce eccentricities. An alternative to the testing of boxes is therefore attractive. One suggestion is testing of panels. However, panels are sensitive to the boundary conditions. A panel compression test (PCT-) rig, similar to a test frame for metal plates designed by A.C. Walker, was therefore built to achieve accurately defined load and boundary conditions. The PCT-rig furnishes simply supported boundary conditions, i.e. the edges of the panel are prevented from moving out-of-plane without any rotational restraint. The edges are also free to move in-plane. In order to describe the buckling behaviour, a non-linear buckling analysis of orthotropic plates, derived by Rhodes and Harvey, was modified to include initial imperfections. The critical buckling load of the panels was evaluated by fitting the analytical expression by non-linear regression to experimentally measured loaddisplacement curves. The results show a difference in the order of 15-20% between experimentally estimated critical buckling load and the analytically predicted critical buckling load for orthotropic plates. This is mainly attributed to transverse shear deformations. A corresponding difference was observed between analytically predicted and experimentally measured load-displacement curves at large out-of-plane deformation, i.e. twice or three times the board thickness. This is probably caused by the non-linear response of paper at high stresses and local buckling of the panel facings, i.e. the liners. A predicted failure load of the corrugated board panel was determined when stresses in the facings reached the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The predicted failure load and measured average experimental failure load were close, indicating that collapse of the panel is triggered by material failure of one of the liners.

In this presentation the general motion of an asymmetrical homogeneous rigid body in a fluid environment is studied. By means of a defined new theorem – The Theorem for changing the rigid body general impulse and new form of Lagrange equations, called Lagrange condensed equations, the differential equations describing the three-dimensional motion of the body in a matrix form is obtained. With a new theorem for the fluid flow of an asymmetrical rigid body, the presence of a destabilizing aerodynamic moment is proved. A new complete matrix of aerodynamic forces is defined. The spherical component of body general motion is counted with Cardan corners. The paper is entirely theoretical. It is the basis on which a second paper on the motion of an ideal rigid ellipsoid in a fluid environment is developed.

SUMMARYA weak form of the anisotropic Biot's equation represented in a cylindrical coordinate system using a spatial Fourier expansion in the circumferential direction is presented. The original three dimensional Cartesian anisotropic weak formulation is rewritten in an arbitrary orthogonal curvilinear basis. Introducing a cylindrical coordinate system and expanding the circumferential wave propagation in terms of orthogonal harmonic functions, the original, geometrically rotationally symmetric three dimensional boundary value problem, is decomposed into independent two‐dimensional problems, one for each harmonic function. Using a minimum number of dependent variables, pore pressure and frame displacement, a computationally efficient procedure for vibro‐acoustic finite element modelling of rotationally symmetric three‐dimensional multilayered structures including anisotropic porous elastic materials is thus obtained. By numerical simulations, this method is compared with, and th...

The peeling behavior of a thin film bonded to a substrate is investigated by using the cohesive interface model. We compare the peeling processes of film/substrate interfaces with three different geometric shapes, including a flat interface, a curved interface of sinusoidal shape, and a wavy interface with two-level sinusoidal hierarchy. The effect of the peeling angle on the maximal peeling strength is also examined. It is demonstrated that the peeling strength can be significantly improved by introducing a hierarchical wavy morphology at the film/substrate interface. This study may be helpful for the design of film/substrate systems with enhanced mechanical properties.

The increase in  using the composite materials in engineering applications make it necessary to improve the properties of composite materials to be able doing its work . One of the method to improve the mechanical properties for fibrous composite materials is Pre-stressing the fibers during room temperature curing process . This process give the more stiffness for composite and make it more stronger and able to withstand the loading subjected to it . This paper show that the pre-stressing fiber process on the glass fiber/epoxy composite materials will give the more strength and make the composite able to carry larger load . The pre-stressing fibers level will be  ( 0 , 2 , 4, 6, 8, 10 , 15 , and 20MPa) that applied on the E-glass fibers with epoxy resin during the curing process with fiber volume fraction about (30%) , and after solidification complete the samples tested under tensile loading by using INISTRON machine  . The results show the improvement in tensile strengths reach to(70%) at pre-stressing level (20MPa) while the increasing in maximum tensile strain reach to( 46%) . The modeling of composite samples subjected to tensile load by using finite element method with package (ANSYS V.10) . 
The relation between pre-stress levels and maximum deformation  at different external loading between (1kN to 4.5kN) for composite sample were plotted for experimental and finite element results . The differences between experimental and ANSYS results was about (6-12%).

Mowing is commonly implemented to Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh (Wyoming big sagebrush) plant communities to improve wildlife habitat, increase forage production for livestock, and create fuel breaks for fire suppression. However, information detailing the influence of mowing on winter habitat for wildlife is lacking. This information is crucial because many wildlife species depended on A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities for winter habitat and consume significant quantities of Artemisia during this time. Furthermore, information is generally limited describing the recovery of A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis to mowing and the impacts of mowing on stand structure. Stand characteristics and Artemisia leaf tissue crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were measured in midwinter on 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old fall-applied mechanical (mowed at 20 cm height) treatments and compared to adjacent untreated (control) areas. Mowing compared to the control decreased Artemisia cover, density, canopy volume, canopy elliptical area, and height (P \ 0.05), but all characteristics were recovering (P \ 0.05). Mowing A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities slightly increases the nutritional quality of Artemisia leaves (P \ 0.05), but it simultaneously results in up to 20 years of decrease in Artemisia structural characteristics. Because of the large reduction in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis for potentially 20 years following mowing, mowing should not be applied in Artemisia facultative and obligate wildlife winter habitat. Considering the decline in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensisdominated landscapes, we caution against mowing these communities.

Partially-averaged Navier Stokes (PANS) is a suite of turbulence closure models of various modeled-to-resolved scale ratios ranging from Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) to Navier-Stokes (direct numerical simulations). The objective of PANS, like hybrid models, is to resolve large scale structures at reasonable computational expense. The modeled-to-resolved scale ratio or the level of physical resolution in PANS is quantified by two parameters: the unresolved-to-total ratios of kinetic energy (f k ) and dissipation (fε). The unresolved-scale stress is modeled with the Boussinesq approximation and modeled transport equations are solved for the unresolved kinetic energy and dissipation. In this paper, we first present a brief discussion of the PANS philosophy followed by a description of the implementation procedure and finally perform preliminary evaluation in benchmark problems.

Motion Estimation (ME) is a critical part of video compression. This paper describes in-depth performance analysis of three most recent motion estimation algorithms based on motion activity in video sequences. Latest H.264/AVC video compression standard has been used for the performance analysis of three types of ME algorithms, which are: Enhances Predictive Zonal Search (EPZS), Unsymmetric-cross Multi Hexagon-grid search (UMHex) and Simplified Unsymmetric-cross Multi Hexagon-grid search (SUMHex). Performance of these algorithms is evaluated based on ME time and Mean Square Error (MSE). Results show that SUMHex has taken minimum ME time for low activity video sequences while EPZS took lowest time for the video sequences having high and moderate motion activities, whereas MSE is approximately same for all the algorithms.

This paper reports on theoretical and experimental investigations into the buckling characteristics of a series of six ring-stiffened circular cylinders that experienced general instability when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Each study used between 3-5 designs with the same internal and external diameters, but with different numbers and sizes of ring-stiffeners. Four used designs that were machined to a high degree of precision from steel, while the other two were machined from aluminium alloy. The theoretical investigations focused on obtaining critical buckling pressure values, namely Pcr, for each design from the well-known Kendrick’s Part I and Part III theories, together with an ANSYS finite element prediction. The thinness ratio λ1, which was originally derived by the senior author, was calculated together with a dimensionless quantity called the plastic knockdown factor (PKD), for each model. The plastic knockdown factor was calculated by dividing the theoretica...

The uplifting and rocking of slender, free-standing structures when subjected to ground shaking may limit appreciably the seismic moments and shears that develop at their base. This high-performance seismic behavior is inherent in the design of ancient temples with emblematic peristyles that consist of slender, free-standing columns which support freely heavy epistyles together with the even heavier frieze atop. While the ample seismic performance of rocking isolation has been documented with the through-the-centuries survival of several free-standing ancient temples; and careful post-earthquake observations in Japan during the 1940's suggested that the increasing size of slender free-standing tombstones enhances their seismic stability; it was George Housner who 50 years ago elucidated a size-frequency scale effect that explained the " counter intuitive " seismic stability of tall, slender rocking structures. Housner's 1963 seminal paper marks the beginning of a series of systematic studies on the dynamic response and stability of rocking structures which gradually led to the development of rocking isolation—an attractive practical alternative for the seismic protection of tall, slender structures. This paper builds upon selected contributions published during this last half-century in an effort to bring forward the major advances together with the unique advantages of rocking isolation. The paper concludes that the concept of rocking isolation by intentionally designing a hinging mechanism that its seismic resistance originates primarily from the mobilization of the rotational inertia of its members is a unique seismic protection strategy for large, slender structures not just at the limit-state but also at the operational state.

Green concrete is a concrete that supports the content of CO2 emissions reductions by using waste industries as cement replacement. The waste industries that commonly can be used in green concrete mixture design are fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and rice husk ash. The present of supplementary cementitous material in green concrete mixture can increase both compressive strength and cement efficiency. The higher of cement efficiency, the higher compressive strength and the lower cement content will be. Densified Mixture Design Algorithm (DMDA) is a method that has been widely applied to concrete constructions in Taiwan. DMDA method can support the higher of cement efficiency in green concrete design. By using DMDA to create green concrete with supplementary cementitous material can increase the life of concrete and hence reduce life-cycle cost.

In this article the identification of the material parameters occurring in isotropic and incompressible hyperelasticity relations of generalized polynomial-type is discussed. The underlying strain-energy function depends on the first and second invariant of the left Cauchy–Green tensor in the ...

Packaging serves a lot of purposes, and would be hard to do without. Packaging protects the goods during transport, saves costs, informs about the product, and extends its durability. A transport package is required to be strong and lightweight in order to be cost effective. Furthermore, it should be recycled because of environmental and economical concerns. Corrugated board has all of these features.

Acupuncture needle rotation has been previously shown to cause specific mechanical stimulation of subcutaneous connective tissue. This study uses acupuncture to investigate the role of mechanotransduction-based mechanisms in mechanically-induced cytoskeletal remodeling. The effect of acupuncture needle rotation was quantified by morphometric analysis of mouse tissue explants imaged with confocal microscopy. Needle rotation induced extensive fibroblast spreading and lamellipodia formation within 30 min, measurable as an increased in cell body cross sectional area. The effect of rotation peaked with two needle revolutions and decreased with further increases in rotation. Significant effects of rotation were present throughout the tissue, indicating the presence of a response extending laterally over several centimeters. The effect of rotation with two needle revolutions was prevented by pharmacological inhibitors of actomyosin contractility (blebbistatin), Rho kinase (Y-27632 and H-1152), and Rac signaling. The active cytoskeletal response of fibroblasts demonstrated in this study constitutes an important step in understanding cellular mechanotransduction responses to externally applied mechanical stimuli in whole tissue, and supports a previously proposed model for the mechanism of acupuncture involving connective tissue mechanotransduction.

IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Vibration is a significant issue in the design of many structures including aircraft, spacecraft, bridges, and high-rise buildings. This book discusses the control of vibrating systems, integrating structural dynamics, vibration analysis, modern control, and system identification. Integrating these subjects is an important feature in that engineers will need only one book, rather than several texts or courses, to solve vibration/control problems. The book begins with a review of the fundamentals in mathematics, dynamics, and control that are needed for understanding subsequent materials. Chapters then cover recent developments in aerospace control and identification theory, including virtual passive control, observer and state-space system identification, and data-based controller synthesis. Many practical issues and applications are addressed, with examples showing how various methods are applied to real systems. Some methods show the close integration of system identification and control theory from the statespace perspective, rather than from the traditional input-output model perspective of adaptive control. This text will be useful for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering, as well as for practicing engineers.

Course is intended for Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students involving on Understanding Kinematics of Mechanisms, simple mechanism study,  Velocity and acceleration analysis of mechanisms, Problem solving on Belt drives, Rope drives, Using Graphical analysis of generating Cam Profiles, Study of all types of gear drives and problem solving on spur gears, study on control and regulation of Governors.

This paper studies the influence of road camber on the stability of single-track road vehicles. Road camber changes the magnitude and direction of the tire force and moment vectors relative to the wheels, as well as the combined-force limit one might obtain from the road tires. Camber-induced changes in the tire force and moment systems have knock-on consequences for the vehicle’s stability. The study makes use of computer simulations that exploit a high-fidelity motorcycle model whose parameter set is based on a Suzuki GSX-R1000 sports machine. In order to study camber-induced stability trends for a range of machine speeds and roll angles, we study the machine dynamics as the vehicle travels over the surface of a right circular cone. Conical road surfaces allow the machine to operate at a constant steady-state speed, a constant roll angle, and a constant road camber angle. The local road-tire contact behavior is analyzed by approximating the cone surface by moving tangent planes lo...

En nuestro diario vivir, inconscientemente nos encontramos interactuando con un fluido, por ejemplo, cuando respiramos estamos inhalando y exhalando el aire de la atmósfera, que es un fluido en estado gaseoso, o cuando bebemos agua, estamos interactuando con un fluido en estado líquido, pero también lo hacemos cuando caminamos, corremos, nadamos, saltamos, sudamos, y un sin número más de actividades que podamos realizar, por tanto, sin importar donde vayamos en el planeta, y la actividad o el trabajo que realicemos, siempre estaremos interactuando con un fluido.

Items with a reviewer byline (coded R) are by AMR's corps of dedicated outside volunteer reviewers. AMR will attempt to get critical reviews of all relevant textbooks, reference works, and monographs. Items without a reviewer byline (coded N) are prepared by AMR in-house staff and are largely based on material such as a book's table of contents and editor's preface or foreword. In the interest of timeliness, most conference proceedings and multi-author contributed volumes will receive descriptive notes in this fashion. Books deemed to be somewhat peripheral to AMR's basic scope may simply be listed by title. Also listed by title when first received are books under review.

An approximate method for analyzing the free vibration of rectangular plates with a hole of di!erent shapes is proposed. The shapes of the holes are circular, semi-circular, elliptic, square, rectangular, triangular, rhombic, etc. These rectangular plates with a hole can be considered ultimately as a kind of rectangular plates with non-uniform thickness. A hole in a plate can be considered as an extremely thin part of the plate. Therefore, the free vibration problem of a plate with a hole can be translated into the free vibration problem of the equivalent rectangular plate with non-uniform thickness. For some plates with di!erent-shaped holes the convergency and accuracy of the numerical solutions calculated by the proposed method are investigated.

In many parts of the world, row crops are treated with herbicides. Because of environmental concerns, crop cultivation is suggested as an excellent method of weed control. The object of this study was to design and construct a high speed inter-row cultivator. The speed of plowing has a significant effect not only on the depth of plowing but on factors which affect the quality of soil preparation such as loosening of the upper soil layer, cutting roots of the previous crops, covering and plowing in of weeds, leveling the finished surface of the field, displacement of the son layer and so on. In this study, the designed and constructed cultivator has a toolbar, unit frame, disk coulter and a flat sweep. The unit frame is attached to a tractor mounted tool bar by a suspension linkage. The suspension linkage allows the unit frame to move up and down relative to a tool bar that the cultivator unit is attached to. The numerical analysis was performed with COSMOS/M 1.71 FEM software (Structural Research and Analysis Corporation, CA).

Course intended for Undergraduate and Post Graduate Level Mechanical Engineering Vibrations course including Undamped free vibrations, Damped free vibrations, Transverse vibrations, Torsional Vibrations of multi degree of freedom and geared systems, Forced Vibrations,Determining equation of Motion of Two and Multi degree freedom systems by Euler- Lagrangian Method and Vibration measurements.

The implementation of vibration analysis techniques based on virtual instrumentation has spread increasingly in the academic and industrial branch, since the use of any software for this type of analysis brings good results at low cost. Among the existing software for programming and creation of virtual instruments, the LabVIEW was chosen for this project. This software has good interface with the method of graphical programming. In this project, it was developed a system of rotating machine condition monitoring. This monitoring system is applied in a test stand, simulating large scale applications, such as in hydroelectric, nuclear and oil exploration companies. It was initially used a test stand, where an instrumentation for data acquisition was inserted, composed of accelerometers and inductive proximity sensors. The data collection system was structured on the basis of an NI 6008 A/D converter of National Instruments. An electronic circuit command was developed through the A/D converter for a remote firing of the test stand. The equipment monitoring is performed through the data collected from the sensors. The vibration signals collected by accelerometers are processed in the time domain and frequency. Also, proximity probes were used for the axis orbit evaluation and an inductive sensor for the rotation and trigger measurement.

In this paper, an inverse analysis technique is used to obtain the flow curve of materials in a hot rolling
finishing mill. This technique is based on minimization of the differences between the experimental and
computed values. The flow curves and the friction coefficients at roll/work-piece interface are derived from
two different models. Model I is based on simple slab method of analysis. Model II is based on a modified
slab method in which the effect of shear stress in calculating the rolling force and torque is taken into
account. It is shown that the developed inverse analysis technique is reliable and can simultaneously
determine a more accurate flow stress for the material as well as a better estimation for the interface friction
factors.

In an effort to improve structural design of corrugated board packages under compression load, buckling analysis of simply-supported corrugated board panels, which constitute the main load-bearing components of a compression loaded box, has been performed. This paper focuses on prediction of effective (homogenised) properties of the corrugated core and the critical buckling load of a simply-supported board panel. An improved buckling load prediction has been obtained by incorporation of the additional moments produced by transverse shear deformation in the governing differential equation for equilibrium. The buckling load predictions are compared to previous analytical formulations, finite element analysis and experiments.

This paper describes an experiment on Electric Power Steering (EPS) system of a car. Nowadays EPS system can be considered as a Mechatronics system that reduces the amount of steering effort by directly applying the output of an electric motor to the steering system. In this paper, the constitutions, operational mechanism and control strategies of EPS system are introduced. A potentiometer measures driver input to the steering wheel, both direction and rate of turn. This information is fed into a microcontroller that determines the desired control signals to the motor to produce the necessary torque needed to assist. Although an electro hydraulic power assisted steering system can be used to reduce the fuel consumption, but the maximum benefit can be obtained if electronic system is applied instead of the hydraulic mechanism. The paper shows that a good power steering control technique is achieved by designing a Mechatronics system. The experimental results for the designed EPS system are also analyzed in this paper.