Building Services and Equipment

An Official Article Contributor, entitled, "Building Services in the Environmental Landscape" contribution for the CEAI VIEWPOINT Journal March 2020 Edition. The article is a glimpse concerning building services design using BIM technology and the construction phases such as job preparation, decision making and management with simulated case study during construction. And historically, however, most of the development comes from the environmental possibilism theory of the possibility that can be drawn from the requirement of the client’s vision, which is mainly for business purposes within the landscape market.

India launched the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in 2007, and a revised version in 2017 as ambitious first steps towards promoting energy efficiency in the building sector. Pioneering early adopters-building owners, architecture and engineering firms, and energy consultants-have taken the lead to design customized solutions for their energy-efficient buildings. Building Innovation-A Guide for High-Performance Energy Efficient Buildings in India offers a synthesizing framework, critical lessons, and guidance to meet and exceed ECBC. Its whole-building lifecycle assurance framework provides a user-friendly methodology to achieve high performance in terms of energy, environmental, and societal benefits. Offices are selected as a target typology, being a high-growth sector, with significant opportunities for energy savings. The best practices may be extrapolated to other commercial building sectors, as well as extended to other regions beyond India with similar cultural, climatic, construction, and developmental contexts. Our journey with energy efficiency in Indian buildings started with our collaborators, the Infosys' Green Initiatives Team and MetroValley Business Park Pvt. Limited. We gratefully acknowledge their collaboration, and pursuit of high performance and low energy impact buildings that has led to an integrated methodology and the creation of this Guide.

Suman Jyoti
Madan Ashrit Memorial Technical Collage. Gothatar, Kathmandu
The Report Includes:-
Building (Drawing, Theory and Estimation)
Highway ( Detailing, Theory and Calculation)
Sanitary ( ( Detailing, Theory and Calculation)
Irrigation (Theory only)

Reinforced concrete is most successful material used in the construction industry. Also used in worldwide. Utility of reinforced concrete as structural material is derived from composite action of takes place between reinforcing bars and concrete at their interface known as bond. In recent years SFRC is widely used in the construction industry as it can improve durability of structural member if correctly mixed and casted. The properties of steel fiber such as aspect ratio, diameter of fiber etc. influences properties of concrete. Many researchers have found that steel fibers when added to the concrete in specific proportions increases its compressive strength and arrest concrete cracks. Many researcher effect of steel fiber on bond slip behavior of fiber reinforced concrete is not entirely implicit. There are insufficient guidelines for bond behavior of reinforcing steel bars to fiber reinforced concrete and this one of the reason limiting their use in the practice. The proposed wo...

Purpose: The objectives of the study were to investigate the causes of the delays to analyze the factors causing the construction delay in Oman and to investigate the effects of such delays. Design/methodology/approach: To carry out this study 210 samples were collected through a well-defined questionnaire from the construction stakeholders viz. the consultants, contractors, and the clients who were selected on a random sampling basis. Smart PLS for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data to obtain the formative measurement models, the structured model, and the goodness of fit. Findings: The results of the study reveal that the client-related factors, equipment-related factors, and material related factors have a significant impact on the completion delay in construction projects. The findings of the study also revealed that the Client related factors were-Delay in providing services, Delayed decision-making process, Allocation of insufficient time. Equipment related factors were-Existing low productive equipment, Unskillful Equipment operator, Breakdown of equipment and Outdated equipment; Material related factors were-Delay in supply of raw materials, Non-availability of materials, Change of materials during construction, Non-availability of accessories and Damaged materials. Research limitations/Implications: The present study covers the stakeholders of the construction projects from selected regions only. The future studies can be extended to other projects and other regions as well. Social implications: The study suggested that the clients' cooperation especially in providing the contractors with the necessary equipment, facilities, and sufficient time will avoid such delays of the construction projects in Oman. Originality/Value: Only very few have examined the completion delay of the construction projects in Oman using SEM-PLS and it is a first-hand study of its kind and the results will be useful to the stakeholders.

An excerpt from my "Building Services Engineering Management," my research thesis submitted to the Atlantic International University (AIU USA) in one of the approved subject courses curricula with Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 2010-2012, received a grade of 4.0 (“A” US Grade System). However, this thesis write-up is one of the sources in the preparation and finalizing my Thesis Dissertation with my PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM).
This article paper will provide a course background with the requirement of building services engineering management which always tackling both design and construction. An introduction that will give a glimpse concerning design of a building, architects, structural engineer, and the building services engineer following the client requirement that explains the necessary elements, usage, and functions of every detail of the project. Moreover, this provides a learning process and experiences that apply in practice and within the course of my study and research in particular with building services engineering management, and I am sharing this thought with you as a guide on design aspect and in the construction side.

For many years the performance of building projects has continued to deteriorate. Many criticisms have been directed to the construction industry for general shoddy workmanship. The low emphasis on the use of quality management practices can impact negatively on productivity and project performance. The objectives of the study are to: evaluate the level of use of quality management practices at pre-contract and contract stages of construction projects; evaluate the contributions of project team members to quality performance of construction projects; compare the level of use of quality management practices among  selected procurement  methods used in the construction industry at pre-contract and contract stages of construction; and to compare the level of use of quality management practices between public and private client types at  pre-contract and contract stages of  construction. The study focuses on evaluating the level of use of construction quality management practices by stakeholders and their impact on project performance with a view to avoid poor quality projects so as to meet client’s satisfaction. A survey research design approach was adopted to achieve these objectives. A field survey involving 165 professionals (Consultants, and Contractors, in Akwa Ibom state) that were involved in building construction projects was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using mean item score (MIS), Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. The result reveals a significant relationship between level of use of quality management practices and the project performance. Clearly, to improve project performance requires construction firms to re-examine the level of usage of appropriate quality management practices in their operations from the onset of a project by the lowest to the highest personnel, for better project performance. This will go a long way in changing the negative story of the construction industry in Akwa Ibom state and Nigeria as a nation.

Sebagian orang pasti memiliki cara mengolah makanan yang berbeda-beda. Begitu juga di dalam industri hotel, restoran, dan catering. Berbagai macam peralatan dan perlengkapan yang dipakai dengan kualitas tinggi semata-mata hanya untuk menciptakan hasil makanan yang maksimal dan tentunya juga dengan cara pengolahan yang beraneka ragam seperti direbus, digoreng, dikukus, dipanggang dan sebagainya. Untuk pengolahan makanan dengan cara dipanggang, kebanyakan orang akan berpikir memakai alat pemanggang seperti untuk barbeque. Namun, ternyata terdapat alat pemanggang makanan yang lebih praktis dan sesuai fungsinya untuk dipakai dalam industri hotel, restoran, dan catering.

This Building Innovation Guide provides technical recommendations for achieving high-performance Indian office buildings that are smart, green, and energy efficient. the best practices recommended in the Guide are particularly suited to the climatic, cultural, and construction context of India, thereby offering localized solutions. The recommendations of this Guide are scalable to emerging economies in similar warm climate across the globe.

El Estado en Argentina es una institución socio-política con una larga tradición en la promoción, gestión y encomienda de obras de arquitectura destinadas a los equipamientos necesarios para el sostenimiento y desarrollo de la sociedad. Con este texto se propone una reflexión sobre la generación del dominio público basada en una investigación sobre la producción arquitectónica del Estado en cualquiera de sus niveles (nacional, provincial o municipal) durante el período 2003-2011. En este lapso se superó la crisis de diciembre de 2001 y transcurre un ciclo de activación de la dimensión política y recuperación económica del país, cuya incidencia en la arquitectura y la ciudad se pretende revisar. El resultado de la investigación se sintetiza en una base de datos geo-referenciada de obras relevantes de arquitectura pública y en una serie de reflexiones en torno a la producción del período. Este trabajo contribuye, en particular, a este último aspecto. Palabras clave Arquitectura; edificios públicos; espacio público; ciudad; equipamientos.

India launched the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in 2007, and a revised version in 2017 as ambitious first steps towards promoting energy efficiency in the building sector. Pioneering early adopters-building owners, architecture and engineering firms, and energy consultants-have taken the lead to design customized solutions for their energy-efficient buildings. Building Innovation-A Guide for High-Performance Energy Efficient Buildings in India offers a synthesizing framework, critical lessons, and guidance to meet and exceed ECBC. Its whole-building lifecycle assurance framework provides a user-friendly methodology to achieve high performance in terms of energy, environmental, and societal benefits. Offices are selected as a target typology, being a high-growth sector, with significant opportunities for energy savings. The best practices may be extrapolated to other commercial building sectors, as well as extended to other regions beyond India with similar cultural, climatic, construction, and developmental contexts. Our journey with energy efficiency in Indian buildings started with our collaborators, the Infosys' Green Initiatives Team and MetroValley Business Park Pvt. Limited. We gratefully acknowledge their collaboration, and pursuit of high performance and low energy impact buildings that has led to an integrated methodology and the creation of this Guide.

The current study experimentally investigates the optimal thickness of a phase change material (PCM) layer incorporated composite roof under severe exterior temperatures. Three PCM thicknesses, namely 10, 15 and 20 mm, are embedded inside a popular roof combination for residential buildings in Iraq compared with the reference roof without PCM. The composite roof is composed of Isogam (4 mm) as a roofing material, concrete (50 mm) as a main roof layer, and gypsum board (8 mm) as a cladding layer, which is the worst thermal-performed roof combination in the country. Each PCM thickness case's thermal performance has been evaluated considering energetic indicators based on room temperature, interior surface temperature, and average outside surface temperature. These indicators are room maximum temperature reduction (RMTR), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR), decrement factor (DF) and time lag (TL). The experimental results showed that the room temperature could be reduced by up to 9 C compared with the reference roof. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for the composite roof based 20 mm thickness which resulted in a maximum of 13.9 % 10.74 C, 44.7 % and 190 min of respectively RMTR, ATFR, DF and TL more than that of the reference case. The study concluded that the thicker PCM layer results in better thermal performance. However, increasing PCM thickness from 10 to 15 mm and then to 20 mm reduced RMTR by 2.3 % and 0.4 %, respectively. Therefore, the effect of PCM heat discharging medium and the economic concern should be considered when installing large PCM thickness/quantity into real scale buildings.

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Reinforced concrete is most successful material used in the construction industry. Also used in worldwide. Utility of reinforced concrete as structural material is derived from composite action of takes place between reinforcing bars and concrete at their interface known as bond. In recent years SFRC is widely used in the construction industry as it can improve durability of structural member if correctly mixed and casted. The properties of steel fiber such as aspect ratio, diameter of fiber etc. influences properties of concrete. Many researchers have found that steel fibers when added to the concrete in specific proportions increases its compressive strength and arrest concrete cracks. Many researcher effect of steel fiber on bond slip behavior of fiber reinforced concrete is not entirely implicit. There are insufficient guidelines for bond behavior of reinforcing steel bars to fiber reinforced concrete and this one of the reason limiting their use in the practice. The proposed work bond strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete is investigated for concrete mixes M30 and M40 with 0%,0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5% steel fibers in concrete and reinforcing bar of diameter 12 mm. hooked end steel fibers with aspect ratio 50 are used in the experimental investigation. A series of 24 cubes and 40 pullout specimens are casted and tested for compressive test and bond strength respectively. The result shows that for concrete mix compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase in the content of steel fibers in the concrete. Also it is observed that for a grade of concrete bond strength decreases with the increase in steel fibers percentage in concrete. Almost all the pullout specimens failed in splitting mode.

Netherlands), while in USA are being utilized several components and sub-modules of the system from the early 30s. The European Commission defined the electronic application for Building Permission as one of the 20 primary e-Government services, which each European Member State was obliged to deliver online by 2005, according to the e-Europe strategies (e- Europe2003). However, Greece, as well as several other European countries failed to address this challenge and the goal of an electronic building permission system across Europe was extended, initially until 2010 (i2010 strategy) and eventually until 2020 (Horizon 2020 strategy).
The current study initially defines the primary and secondary functionalities that such a system should have. Furthermore, the study examines the factors that influence the success or failure of such a project and proceed to a case study investigation in Greece by examining the current situation and the level of absorption of the European i2010 strategy regarding the electronic building permission.
The research framework encompasses a literature survey of publications and official reports in order to shape a “clear picture” regarding the different approach of e-service delivery. In addition, in this paper are analyzed the results of structured
questionnaires that have been sent and of interviews that have been conducted with public organizations in Greece that are
responsible for the implementation, installation and utilization of such a system (i.e. Information Society in Greece, Municipalities). In conclusion, this research investigates the framework of the building permission e-services and its current situation in Greece that leads to: (a) an effective public management administration by simplification of licensing procedures, (b) a reduction of depraved behavior and (c) environmental benefits by reducing bureaucracy.

Resumen
El Estado en Argentina es una institución socio-política con una larga tradición en la pro-moción, gestión y encomienda de obras de arquitectura destinadas a los equipamientos necesarios para el sostenimiento y desarrollo de la sociedad. Con este texto se propone una reflexión sobre la generación del dominio público basada en una investigación sobre la producción arquitectónica del Estado en cualquiera de sus niveles (nacional, provincial o municipal) durante el período 2003-2011. En este lapso se superó la crisis de diciembre de 2001 y transcurre un ciclo de activación de la dimensión política y recuperación económica del país, cuya incidencia en la arquitectura y la ciudad se pretende revisar. El resultado de la investigación se sintetiza en una base de datos geo-referenciada de obras relevantes de arquitectura pública y en una serie de reflexiones en torno a la producción del período. Este trabajo contribuye, en particular, a este último aspecto.
Palabras clave
Arquitectura; edificios públicos; espacio público; ciudad; equipamientos.


Abstract
Public architecture: state public works in the argentinean post-crisis of 2001. The State in Argentina is a socio-political institution with a long tradition in the promotion, manage-ment and entrustment of architectural works needed for social development. This paper reflects upon the generation of these works in the public realm based on research of the architectural production of the State at national, provincial or municipal levels during the period 2003-2011. We intend to consider how, during this period, public actions impacted architecture and the city, when the crisis of December 2001 was overcome and the cycle of activation of the political dimension and economic recovery of the country began, The re¬sult of the research is synthesized in a geo-referenced database of relevant works of public architecture and in a series of reflections on the production of the period. This work con¬tributes to this latter aspect.
Keywords
Architecture; public buildings; public space; city; social facilities.

Artículo de fondo publicado en la revista CUADERNO URBANO. Espacio, cultura, sociedad. (Volumen 22, Nº 22, Resistencia,  junio 2017).
CUADERNO URBANO es una publicación científica con arbitraje internacional dirigida a la difusión de artículos y ensayos que se ocupan desde las disciplinas científicas de la cuestión urbana, en el sentido más amplio del término. Promueve la generación de ensayos y artículos de jóvenes investigadores como también divulga el aporte de científicos ya consagrados.
ISSN 1853 - 3655 (versión digital) - ISSN 1666 - 6186 (versión impresa)
La publicación es accesible en versión impresa y en formato digital en http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1853-36552017000100008

Máy giặt hơi nước nóng là gì? Tại sao máy giặt hơi nước nóng lại đắt hơn máy giặt thông thường? Tại sao máy giặt hơi nước nóng lại ngày càng trở nên phổ biến với các gia đình Việt Nam? Một vài thông tin chuyên sâu về cấu tạo máy giặt hơi nước nóng và hướng dẫn sử dụng máy giặt hơi nước nóng cũng như các lưu ý khi sử dụng cũng được các chuyên gia của dịch vụ giúp việc TKT Maids cũng sẽ giúp các bạn có thêm thông tin. 1. Máy giặt hơi nước nóng là gì? Máy giặt hơi nước cũng giống như các máy giặt thông thường khác, tuy nhiên trên các máy giặt này được tích hợp thêm chức năng giặt hơi nước nóng. Khi sử dụng chương trình giặt hơi nước, nước sẽ được đun nóng thành hơi và phun liên tục vào quần áo kết hợp với chuyển động quay của máy giặt. Khi sử dụng chương trình giặt hơi nước, chúng ta không cần phải sử dụng bột giặt. Chương trình này thường được sử dụng để giặt các loại quần áo ít bẩn, mỏng để hạn chế bị nhăn như áo sơ mi, áo lụa... Máy giặt hơi nước thường có ba lựa chọn. Bạn có thể giặt quần áo với chương trình truyền thống (giặt nước); hoặc kết hợp giặt hơi nước và nước; hoặc chỉ sử dụng hơi nước. 2. Tại sao máy giặt hơi nước nóng lại đắt tiền? Trên thị trường Việt Nam hiện có một số mẫu máy giặt có chức năng hơi nước như của LG, Electrolux, Samsung… Giá bán từ khoảng 10 triệu đồng cho đến gần 40 triệu đồng. Tại sao lại đắt như vậy?

A Smart Home Concept is often referred to the application of smart system technology into residential typology of building. It is a system in which provide home automation that used by the home owner in order to adjust the condition of the house either they are home or away from home. In Malaysia, typical single-storey terrace houses builds according the specifications through a conventional construction complied with Universal Building By-Laws 1985 that help occupants to live in safe and comfort. However, with the introduction of new concept and new technology of Smart Home, Malaysian residential building is upgraded. Thus, aim of this study is to identify the aspects of Smart Home Concept that will inform its usage and application into existing typical Malaysian single-storey terrace houses in terms of device installation. Three
major Smart Home system providers were interviewed in order to gain information for the analysis. The analysis is basically to test the applicability of the system in terms of its ideal positioning and installation construction. At the end of this paper, the objective of the study is achieved, in which, smart home concept requires proper planning of home furnishing for them to work effectively. In terms of installation construction, there is no needs to do major renovation
or hacking of the existing houses.

In India, Construction has become increasingly a major part of development. In this Construction, residential construction plays a major part of construction. Residential project's success is directly depend upon the customer satisfaction level, but sometimes these standard & specifications do not confirm to the changing needs and expectations of users. This ultimately results in dissatisfaction of customer. This study provides an overview of post occupancy evaluation of residential buildings. It was based on the notion that user's satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure if the performance of residential building in meeting their needs and expectations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify an innovative solution for the power transmission gearbox of concrete mixers, according to the specifications provided by the company. Design/methodology/approach: A tailored systematic design approach (inspired to the German systematic framework) has been adopted to comprehensively gather the company specifications and perform in-depth design space explorations. Subsequently, an iterative embodiment design approach has been followed to identify the size of the components for the preferred concept, by using acknowledged mechanical design procedures and finite element analysis tools. Findings: An innovative cycloidal gearbox has been developed, by merging the kinematics underpinning the classical cycloidal drives and the Wolfrom planetary gearbox. The resulting concept provides high reduction rates with a very high overload capacity. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the studies is the absence of in-depth evaluations usually performed in the detail design phase. However, this limitation is a direct consequence of the company specifications, which only asked to find a preferred concept and to perform preliminary evaluations. Accordingly, the subsequent design optimization are intended to be performed by the company’s staff. Originality/value: The present paper shows an original design approach, opportunely tailored to the design of innovative gearboxes. It can be conveniently adapted and reused by designers involved in similar tasks. Moreover, the designed cycloidal gearbox paves the way for important innovations in the field of concrete mixers, allowing to design more robust and compact devices.

En Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche y Yucatán, así como en las Republicas centroamericanas, existe una enorme demanda insatisfecha de desarrollos tecnológico-energéticos a nivel familiar, comunitario, unidad productiva, y municipal.  Industria, comercio, turismo, agricultura, pesca y ganadería, comparten una auténtica “hambre” de energía adecuada, oportuna, confiable y a precios accesibles. Sin embargo, en toda esta basta región, no existe una sola empresa que se dedique, precisamente, al mantenimiento, basado en desarrollos tecnológicos “a la medida”, de sistemas de energía a menudo ya instalados pero operando deficientemente. Contribuir a la superación de este déficit, es el cometido del presente proyecto.  La propuesta persigue conformar la base tecnológica necesaria para el diseño y desarrollo de tecnologías de equipos, procesos y productos para la generación, transmisión y aplicación de energía proveniente de fuentes convencionales y alternas en Mesoamérica.