Caries

Abstarct
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the status of dental caries and oral health behavior of adolescent schoolgirls in
Dhaka city, as well as explore the differences and correlation between demographic, socioeconomic factors with oral hyenine
practices, habit of sugary foods-drinks and dentition status.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 232 adolescent 12–13 year-old-age of Siddheswari Girls’ High
School, Dhaka using non-probability convenient sampling technique in 2023. Data were collected using pre-tested semistructured
questionnaire and checklist through face-to-face interviews and intra oral examination respectively after obtaining
informed written ascent from their legal guardian, permission from school administration. The questionnaire included
sociodemographic characteristics (age, monthly family income, types of family, religion), oral health behavior attributes
(oral hygiene practices and habit of sugary foods and drinks). Besides, dental caries status was assessed using the Decayed,
Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. IBM SPSS Statistics version
27 was used for data analysis. Summary of the data was achieved using descriptive statistics: frequencies, percentages,
means, and standard deviations. Mann-Whitney U tests and partial correlation were used for bivariate analysis assessing
differences and correlation between variables respectively. Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05.
Results: Study showed a low mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score (0.43 ± 0.92) and the overall
prevalence of dental caries was low (15.09%). There was significant difference found in brushing frequency (p=.018), habits
of soft drinks (p=.048) and tea-coffee with sugar (p=.004) intake between types of family; interdental cleaning practice
between age group(p=.023); habit of fresh fruits (p=.009) and soft drinks (p=.026) consumption between different income
group. Although age was significantly and positively correlated with the number of filled teeth (p=.003), neither age nor
family income did correlate significantly with the number of decayed or missing teeth.
Conclusion: The findings draw attention to the need for targeted interventions to increase oral health awareness, practices
among, healthy diet counselling among school going adolescent girls in school premises.

Background: Early identification of high-risk children through caries risk assessment tools is crucial for effective caries
control. With the growing interest in utilizing such tools, adherence to standardized guidelines is essential. Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICCMS™ and Cariogram as caries risk assessment tools and their
application in developing preventive protocols for children. Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study
was conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental
Sciences, Lucknow, following approval from the Institutional Research Committee. After obtaining informed consent
from caregivers, demographic data were collected, and intraoral examinations were performed for caries risk assessment.
Caries severity was recorded using the ICDAS criteria. Protective, biological, and etiological factors required for creating
a caries risk profile were documented based on the Cariogram and International Caries Classification and Management
System (ICCMS™). Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. A p-value <0.05 at
a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 41 children aged 3–12 years
participated in the study. The analysis revealed no significant differences between the two multifactorial risk assessment
models in terms of caries risk status (χ² = 1.02, p = 0.797) or caries experience (χ² = 2.93, p = 0.232). Conclusions: Both
ICCMS™ and Cariogram demonstrated similar caries risk profiles and were effective tools for caries risk assessment in
children.

It has been suggested that fluoride products are able to reduce erosive tooth wear. Thus, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations as well as of a low-fluoridated dentifrice supplemented with trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel erosion and abrasion. One hundred twenty bovine enamel blocks were assigned to the following experimental dentifrices: placebo, 1,100 µg F/g, 500 µg F/g plus 3% TMP and 5,000 µg F/g. The groups of enamel blocks were additionally subdivided into conditions of erosion (ERO) and of erosion plus abrasion (ERO + ABR). For 7 days, the blocks were subjected to erosive challenges (immersion in Sprite® 4 times a day for 5 min each time) followed by a remineralizing period (immersion in artificial saliva between erosive challenges for 2 h). After each erosive challenge, the blocks were exposed to slurries of the dentifrices (10 ml/sample for 15 s). Sixty of the blocks were additionally abraded by b...

Background: Despite evidence that Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) can be effective in managing carious lesions in primary teeth, there is still limited use the UK. This study explored dental professionals’ views and experiences of using SDF for managing carious lesions in children. In addition, it explored what they perceived to be the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and enablers to the use of SDF in practice.Methods: Fifteen semi-structured face-to-face or over-the-phone interviews were conducted with 14 dental professionals from NHS Tayside and NHS Grampian in Scotland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using a framework approach.Results: Thirteen of 14 dental professionals interviewed were familiar with, or had some existing knowledge of, SDF. Four had used it to treat patients. The majority of participants thought that the main advantage of SDF was that it required minimal patient cooperation. Silver diamine fluoride was also perceived as a simple, pain-...

RESULTADOS: Con respecto a la etiología, 65% cree que la caries dental se debe a mala higiene oral, 18% por bacterias, 7% por consumo de azúcar y 10% no sabe; 41% refirió haber sufrido alguna vez de caries; 14% cree que actualmente no tiene esta enfermedad oral y 37% ...

Recent evidence suggests that genetic studies may contribute to a better understanding of individual susceptibility to caries. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors have been suggested to be involved in the caries process. The purpose of this study was to determine if polymorphisms in MMP2 (rs243865), MMP9 (rs17576), MMP13 (rs2252070), and TIMP2 (rs7501477) were associated with caries. Eligible unrelated children and adolescents were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral health habits was obtained through a questionnaire and caries data was collected by clinical examination. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time PCR. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between individuals with and without caries experience. Of 505 subjects, 212 were caries-free and most subjects (61.2%) had mixed dentition. Allele frequency of MMP2, MMP13 and TIMP2 was different between caries-affected and caries-free individuals, with...

Background Our previous genome-wide linkage scan mapped five loci for caries experience. The purpose of this study was to fine map one of these loci, the locus 13q31.1, in order to identify genetic contributors to caries. Methods Seventy-two pedigrees from the Philippines were studied. Caries experience was recorded and DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from all subjects. Sixty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13q31.1 were genotyped. Association between caries experience and alleles was tested. We also studied 1,481 DNA samples obtained from saliva of subjects from the USA, 918 children from Brazil, and 275 children from Turkey, in order to follow up the results found in the Filipino families. We used the AliBaba2.1 software to determine if the nucleotide changes of the associated SNPs changed the prediction of the presence of transcription-binding site sequences and we also analyzed the gene expression of the genes selected based on binding predictions. Mut...

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation is a qualitative defect of dental tissue of systemic origin affecting one or more permanent first molars and sometimes the permanent incisors as well. There are still no conclusive data on the aetiology of this hypomineralisation, however, systemic factors such as respiratory diseases and prenatal and perinatal complications are regarded as possible causes. The objective is to present three clinical cases of twins, one Monozygotic Twins , and two Dizygotic Twins with molar-incisor hypomineralisation, besides showing evidence of its manifestation as well as clinical the characteristics and aetiological factors involved. The clinical findings involving twins show that ameloblasts are specifically affected in their developmental phase, which includes a number of factors although prenatal and perinatal complications not decisive in the development of molar-incisor hypomineralization and suggest a possible genetic susceptibility to the disease. Prospectiv...

El envejecimiento es un proceso de cambios morfologicos y funcionales generales del organismo, que tienen lugar y se reflejan en la cavidad bucal. No existe datos suficientes en el estado Merida, Venezuela sobre esta situacion poblacional, por lo que se realizo un estudio transversal con el fin de obtener prevalencia sobre caries dental, lesiones en labios, encias y mucosa palatina en adultos mayores institucionalizados de esta region. El examen bucal fue realizado por un odontologo en espacios abiertos e iluminados; quien mediante la observacion, palpacion, utilizando un espejo bucal plano, recogio y anoto los hallazgos de presencia o no de enfermedad en una ficha cli- nica disenada para tal fin. Previo al examen clinico bucal, una carta de consentimiento fue firmada por la persona a examinar o por su acompanante. Los resultados obtenidos senalan alta prevalencia de caries dental, lesiones en labios y encias en la poblacion institucionalizada estudiada.

In recent years, the concept of preventing caries-related microbial dysbiosis by enhancing the growth and survival of health-associated oral microbiota has emerged. In this article, the current evidence for the role of oral pre-and probiotics in caries prevention and caries management is discussed. Prebiotics are defined as "substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit." With regard to caries, this would include alkali-generating substances such as urea and arginine, which are metabolized by some oral bacteria, resulting in ammonia production and increase in pH. While there is no evidence that urea added to chewing gums or mouth rinses significantly contributes to caries inhibition, multiple studies have shown that arginine in consumer products can exert an inhibitory effect on the caries process. Probiotics are "live microorganisms which when administrated in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." Clinical trials have suggested that school-based programs with milk supplemented with probiotics and probiotic lozenges can reduce caries development in preschool children and in schoolchildren with high caries risk. Due to issues with research ethics (prebiotics) and risk of bias (prebiotics, probiotics), the confidence in the effect estimate is however limited. Further long-term clinical studies are needed with orally derived probiotic candidates, including the health-economic perspectives. In particular, the development and evaluation of oral synbiotic products, containing both prebiotics and a probiotic, would be of interest in the future management of dental caries.

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are energy-storing biopolymers synthesized by all three domains of life. PolyP accumulation has been well studied with respect to its role in stress response, but its role in dental disease has received less attention. Dental decay can be promoted by changes in pH as well as the chemical activity of ions such as phosphate in oral fluids at the enamel interface. Previous work has shown that the drawdown of phosphate from biofilm fluids can alter the saturation state of oral fluids to thermodynamically favour mineral dissolution. The members of the Lactobacillus are known to accumulate polyP and play a role in early-stage and late-stage dental
caries. In this study, we examined the effects of potential metabolic inhibitors on polyP accumulation in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. We observed that two inhibitors of the enzyme responsible for polyP synthesis, gallein and fluoride, inhibited polyP accumulation in a balanced medium. However, fluoride and gallein treatments amended with either glucose or lactate were found to enhance polyP accumulation. These results illustrate the potential complexity of polyP metabolism in the oral environment.

Compared to Catfish, Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is more prospective to be cultivated since it has higher nutritional value. Tilapia is classified perishable because it decays quickly. Several natural substances have ability to preserve fish because they contain some components that have antimicrobial effects, for example ginger that contains gingerol, shogaol and zingerone. The aim of this experiment was to understand the influence of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) to inhibit decaying microbe of Tilapia fish. This research implemented experimental method with 4 treatments and each treatment was replicated 2 times. Data were analysed by classifying inhibition level of each treatment. It showed that of 16 isolate, 10 of them had been inhibited. It was revealed that there were 4 types of microorganism, 2 were classified as gram positive while the rest were gram negative. Based on classifying inhibition level of each treatment, the greatest inhibition zone was found at IB 7 which was 25 mm and concentration 50% with type of microbe Bacillus alvei. Regard to inhibition level, gram positive microorganisms were inhibited more effectively. It can be concluded that application of ginger extract provided significant difference compared to no-extract treatment. Meanwhile, between those three percentages of ginger extract application (50%, 60% and 70%) significant difference was not found in term of inhibition level.

Fish is one of damageable food so human needs efforts to pickle them. The objective of this research is to know the effect of ginger extract (Zingiber officianale) to the growth of Staphylococcus saprophyticus damaged fish in the 80 Tween emulsion system. The experiment on the growth of the bacteria of Staphylococcus saprophyticus is done by using Complete Random Program (RAL) with 4 action and 3 times of repetition. The ginger extract concentration that is 0% (control), 25%, 35%, 45% (b/v). The result of this research shows that there is influence of resistability of ginger extract to the growth Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The using of 0% concentration is really different with the concentration of 25%, 35%, 45%. There is no difference between 25%, 35% and 45% concentration, so staphylococcus saprophyticus is effectively resisted on the 25% concentration. The sugestion of this result is to use ginger extract as the antimicrobial because it can be used to pickle the fish.

This article provides supporting data for the research article &#39;Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology&#39; (M.C. Hunter, A.E. Pozhitkov, P.A. Noble, 2016) [1]. In that article, we determined the microbial abundance signatures for patient with periodontics, edentulism, or health using Gene Meter Technology. Here we provide the data used to make the DNA microarray and the resulting microbial abundance data that was determined using the calibrated probes and the 16S rRNA genes harvested from patients. The first data matrix contains two columns: one is the GenInfo Identifier (GI) numbers of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the other is the corresponding oral bacterial taxonomy. The probes were then screened for redundancy and if they were found to be unique, they were synthesized onto the surface of the DNA microarrays. The second data matrix consists of the abundances of the 576 16S rRNA genes that was determined usin...

Background: There is evidence that dentine matrix gelatinases are involved in the destruction of carious dentine after demineralization by bacterial acids. It has also been observed that chlorhexidine, in very low concentrations, inhibits the activity of these enzymes in mammalian cells. The goal of this study was to determine if the gelatinase activity of carious dentine may be inhibited by chlorhexidine in clinical use concentrations. Methods: Gelatinolytic activity was evaluated through zymography and identified by Western blot. The inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.08% and 1% on the enzymatic activity of softened carious dentine samples were determined. Results: In carious dentine, five bands of gelatinolytic activity were detected, with molecular sizes of 86, 75, 38, 33 and 32 kDa. The two bands of the greatest molecular size corresponded to latent and active metalloproteinase-9, respectively. Concentrations of chlorhexidine that were greater than or equal to 0.04% were sufficient to inhibit gelatinolytic activity in the observed bands of carious dentine. Conclusions: These results support the use of chlorhexidine in clinical use concentrations for the treatment and control of dentine caries. Our study demonstrates for the first time the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine on gelatinases from carious human dentine.

BackgroundThere is evidence that dentine matrix gelatinases are involved in the destruction of carious dentine after demineralization by bacterial acids. It has also been observed that chlorhexidine, in very low concentrations, inhibits the activity of these enzymes in mammalian cells. The goal of this study was to determine if the gelatinase activity of carious dentine may be inhibited by chlorhexidine in clinical use concentrations.MethodsGelatinolytic activity was evaluated through zymography and identified by Western blot. The inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.08% and 1% on the enzymatic activity of softened carious dentine samples were determined.ResultsIn carious dentine, five bands of gelatinolytic activity were detected, with molecular sizes of 86, 75, 38, 33 and 32 kDa. The two bands of the greatest molecular size corresponded to latent and active metalloproteinase‐9, respectively. Concentrations of chlorhexidine that were greater than...

Background. The difference in the preclinical curriculum and teaching methodology between European and Southeast Asian countries has a great influence on the process of choosing which education model is predominant and, therefore, students’ opinion on the effectiveness of a preclinical coursework is diverse. The objective of the research was to assess the perception of the preclinical coursework in prosthodontics, conservative dentistry, and endodontics among Indian and North Macedonian students. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 3rd-year students, final-year students and interns of dental schools of two respective countries. The data were collected in July 2021 using Google Form, a link to which was sent via available social media platforms. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSSv.21.0 (IBM) software. Results. The data on dental students’ perception of the preclinical coursework were obtained, analyzed, compared, and discussed. ...

Purpose To examine what pain and adjuvant medication is prescribed in palliative care patients at home in The Netherlands. Methods In a nationwide, representative, prospective study in general practice in The Netherlands, prescribed medication was registered in 95 general practices with a listed population of 374 070 patients. The GPs identified those who received palliative care in a retrospective survey of the 2169 patients who died within the 1-year study period. We analysed the analgesics, laxatives and anti-emetics that were prescribed during the last 3 months of life for these patients. Results The response rate of the survey was 74%. 425 patients received palliative care and 73% of them were prescribed pain medication: 55% a non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, NSAIDs), 21% a weak opioid (tramadol, codeine), and 51% a strong opioid. Relatively more younger than older patients were prescribed strong opioids, and more cancer than non-cancer patients were prescribed an analgesic. During the last 3 months of life, the proportion of patients prescribed a non-opioid or a weak opioid increased gradually. The proportion of

El uso problemático de drogas puede afectar la salud oral de los consumidores. El presente estudio pretendió detectar la prevalencia de patología dentaria y periodontal en una población adolescente y adulta joven en tratamiento por drogo-dependencia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, incluyendo a 72 individuos que se asisten por su adicción en el Portal Amarillo, centro de referencia nacional. La media del índice CPOD fue de 8,04. Al discriminar por franja etaria, la comprendida entre 15 y 24 años tuvo un CPOD de 5,31, mientras que la comprendida entre 25 y 35 años tuvo un valor de 11,27. El relevamiento paradencial mostró que el 65% de los participantes presentaron gingivitis y el 18% cuadros de periodontitis. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que existe una mayor prevalencia de enfermedad oral en pacientes drogo-dependientes que la población general. Los servicios de salud del primer nivel deberían desarrollar acciones especiales de prevención y detección precoz en pacientes drogo-dependientes.

Saliva is one of the most commonly encountered biological fluids found at the crime scene. Forensic science including forensic odontology is focused on the positive identification of individuals. The salivary protein profiling can help in personalization by the changes associated with age throughout life and gender. These changes also seem to vary with the dietary habits, environmental factors and geographical areas. Thus, the aim of present study is to estimate these changes in salivary total protein concentration and profiling in individuals of Gujarat, India. The association of total protein concentration and protein content with the age, gender, tooth eruption, functions of the protein and its physiological significance are also intended for study in this population. One hundred unstimulated whole saliva samples from study subjects of Gujarat population were collected and grouped based on age and gender. Total protein concentration was determined by Bradford assay; also protein ...

Antecedentes.El diagnóstico de las lesiones cariosas durante la fase inicial de desmineralización del diente permite la instauración de medidas preventivas y terapéuticas que pueden conseguir que el proceso carioso se revierta antes de que estén presentes las lesiones macroscópicas. Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la capacidad diagnóstica de la técnica de fluorescencia láser y la técnica de la inspección visual (ICDAS II), validándolas con la histología. Materiales y métodos. 87 dientes de segunda dentición, de los cuales 85 no presentaban restauraciones, ni cavitaciones. Las superficies oclusales fueron examinadas visualmente y por medio de fluorescencia (FL), comparándolas con la histología. Resultados. La sensibilidad a través de ICDAS II fue de 0.91 y la especificidad de 0.61. La sensibilidad registrada de FL fue de 0.95 y la especificidad de 0.68. Las mediciones de FL tuvieron una correlación moderada con el diagnóstico histológico: Correlación de Spearman .560. Las mediciones de ICDAS tuvieron una correlación moderada con el diagnóstico histológico: Correlación de Spearman .568. Conclusiones. Los valores de sensibilidad del ICDAS y la fluorescencia láser son altos, son capaces de detectar a 9 de cada 10 dientes con lesiones en superficies oclusales. La especificidad del ICDAS indica que de cada 10 dientes sanos 4 son considerados enfermos y la especificidad de la FL dice que 3 de cada 10 dientes sanos fueron registrados como enfermos.

Background 2 1.1. Caries Prevalence and Link with Obesity 1.2. Caries and Diet Quality 4 1.3. Caries and Teeth Brushing 7 1.4. Rapid Diet and Lifestyle Screener in Clinical Settings-Pediatric Adapted Likin Survey 8 1.5. Theories and Messaging 9 1.6. Parent Messaging 1.7. Research Goals and Hypothesis 13 2. Intervention Development 2.1. Showing Need for Health Behavior Chain 14 2.2. Message Grouping Algorithm 16 2.3. Message Content Development 16 2.3.1. Applying Theories 16 2.3.2. Evidence Based ADA Recommendations 17 2.3.3. Message Framework 18 2.4. Implementing Messages in PALS 21 2.5. Delivering Messages

Background: Epidemiological studies are helpful in planning and implementing oral health programs in a given population. This initiative is a consequence of the absence of any information on any study being conducted in the past on the prevalence of dental diseases in the rural school going children of Thane district. Aims: The aims were to (1) assess the prevalence of gingivitis, fluorosis, caries and malocclusion in the school-going children of rural areas of district Thane, Maharashtra and (2) evaluate the pattern of above-mentioned diseases in different age groups and genders. Materials and Methods: A total of 638 school-going children comprising 282 boys and 356 girls were examined in the age groups of 4-7yrs, 8-12yrs and 13-16yrs. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis, fluorosis, caries and malocclusion was 86.7%, 2.2%, 79.6%, and 14.9% respectively. The difference between age groups for the prevalence of gingivitis was highly significant. A significant increase in the prevalence of malocclusion was observed with age. No significant difference was found among genders for the prevalence of malocclusion. The difference in fluorosis was insignificant between boys and girls. Conclusion: The data shows necessary dental health programs needs to be implemented to attain the required oral care among school children of rural areas of Thane district.

This study aimed to investigate the longevity and effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG)-based dental resin infiltrants. Materials and methods The three types of BAG-45S5 bioglass (RIS), boron-substituted (RIB), and fluoride-substituted (RIF)-were incorporated with photoinitiated dimethacrylate monomers to create experimental resin infiltrants. ICON ® (CN; DMG-America, Ridgefield Park, NJ) and pure resin (PR) were used as control groups in this study. Discshaped samples were prepared for the experimental and control groups. The samples were challenged with the pH cycle and immersed in the artificial saliva for 30 days. On Day 0 and Day 30, the pH cycle and artificial saliva immersion, Vicker's microhardness, surface roughness, and surface morphology were investigated. Results The RIF group's disc samples showed the highest Vicker's microhardness values (78.20 ±0.06) on Day 30 of artificial saliva immersion, whereas the CN group's values were the lowest (55.99 ±0.24). Following the pH cycling, the RIF displayed the highest hardness (64.15 ±1.89) whereas the CN group's values were the lowest (33.47 ±1.28). Regarding surface roughness, on Day 30, the RIB resin group exhibited the highest (1.14 ±0.001 µm). In contrast, the CN resin showed the lowest (1.07 ±0.06 µm) values, while immersed in the artificial saliva solution. In the same duration of time, in the pH cycling solution, PR showed the least (0.85 ±0.89 µm), while RIF showed the highest roughness value (0.94 ±0.54 µm). Morphological analysis revealed that following the artificial saliva immersion, the RIB, CN, and PR exhibited smoother surfaces compared to the RIS and RIF groups. However, when immersed in the pH cycling solution, RIB and RIF showed more resistance against acid attack. Conclusions Our results revealed that the experimental resin groups performed much better than the commercial resin infiltrants following artificial saliva and pH cycling challenges.

This retrospective clinical study determined the association of caries activity and orange/red fluorescence on QLF images of surfaces that progressed to cavitation as determined by clinical visual examination. A random sample of QLF images from 565 children (5-13years) previously enrolled in a longitudinal study was selected. Buccal, lingual and occlusal surfaces' images obtained after professional brushing at baseline and every 4 months over a 4-year period were analyzed for Red Fluorescence (RF). Surfaces that progressed (N=224) to cavitation according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS 0/1/2/3/4 to 5/6/filling) and surfaces that did not progress (N=486) were included. QA2 image analysis software outputs the percentage increase of the red/green components as ΔR and Area of ΔR (Area△R) at different thresholds. Mixed-model ANOVA was used to compare progressive and non-progressive surfaces to account for correlations of RF (ΔR and AreaΔR) between surfaces within a subject. The first analysis used the first observation for each surface or the first available visit if the surface was unerupted (baseline), while the second analysis used the last observation prior to cavitation for surfaces that progressed and last observation for surfaces that did not progress (final). There was a significant (p<0.05) association between RF and progression to cavitation at thresholds ΔR0, ΔR10, ΔR20, ΔR60, ΔR70, ΔR80, ΔR90 and ΔRMax at baseline and for ΔR0 and ΔR10 at final observation. Quantification of orange/red fluorescence may help to identify lesions that progress to cavitation. Future studies identifying microbiological factors causing orange/red fluorescence and its caries activity are indicated.

The current study examined the association between the carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) copy number variations (CNVs) and dental caries experience in adults. In total, 202 of 35-72 years old subjects participating in the Lithuanian National Oral Health Survey (LNOHS) agreed to provide saliva samples, thus their data were included in the current study. Information about sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioural determinants was acquired via the selfadministered World Health Organisation (WHO) questionnaire. Fluoride levels in the drinking water were recorded based on information provided by water suppliers. Dental caries experience was recorded by one calibrated examiner using the WHO criteria for recording caries on smooth (including proximal, buccal, and oral) or occlusal surfaces. Caries experience was measured as the total number of decayed (D3), missing (M), filled (F) surfaces (D3MFS). DNA was extracted from saliva samples to examine CA VI CNVs using the QX200 droplet digital PCR system. Negative binomial regression and Poisson regression analyses were employed for data analyses. Based on multivariable regression analyses, higher copy number of CA VI were associated with higher caries experience on smooth surfaces (IRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.005-1.08) and occlusal surfaces (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 1.003-1.04). Positive associations between higher copy number of CA VI and higher caries experience on smooth and occlusal surfaces were found, suggesting that the CA VI coding gene may be associated with caries development. Future studies are needed to validate our results and to examine the underlying mechanisms of such associations.

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear has a multifactorial origin, where multiple risks contribute to its initiation and subsequent progression. The prevalence of tooth wear varies among countries; therefore, national studies are needed to examine the prevalence of this condition and its associated determinants. Materials and Methods: A sample of this national study included a total of 1,397 adults (response rate of 52%). Severity and number of teeth with erosive tooth wear, caries experience (D3MFS), and fluorosis were assessed clinically. A self-reported questionnaire inquired about sociodemographics, oral health behavior, diet, and general health. Fluoride levels in drinking water at the recruitment areas were also recorded. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate methods. Results: The prevalence of erosive tooth wear in enamel and dentin combined was 59% among 35- to 44-year-old, 75% among 45- to 54-year-old, 70% among 55- to 64-year-old, and 66% among 65- to 74-year-old mal...

Highlights: 1. Late Pleistocene populations from Northwest Africa exhibit high caries rates 2. Similarity in poor oral health in Iberomaurusian and Capsian populations 3. Cultural and biological continuity between the Iberomaurusian and Capsian periods.

Highlights: 1. Late Pleistocene populations from Northwest Africa exhibit high caries rates 2. Similarity in poor oral health in Iberomaurusian and Capsian populations 3. Cultural and biological continuity between the Iberomaurusian and Capsian periods.

Para determinar la solución de los problemas de salud es necesario identificar: los cambios en las necesidades, demandas y expectativas de la comunidad. Valorar la atención odontológica recibida y las necesidades de tratamiento. Diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo cualitativo descriptivo. La población fueron los pacientes que concurrieron al SEPOI en el período Marzo – Julio del año 2017. Se utilizaron las historias clínicas una muestra de N= 100 obtenidas al azar, donde se evaluaron variables epidemiológicas. Se consideraron las condiciones bucales observando los odontogramas y registro de prestaciones realizadas. En relación a la necesidad de tratamiento se observa que el 90 % de los pacientes presentan al menos una lesión de caries, con una dispersión entre 0 - 20 lesiones encontradas siendo la moda 3 – 6 lesiones de caries los valores más frecuentes, en relación a las piezas ausentes el 24 % poseen todas sus piezas dentarias, no encontrándose pacientes desdent...

Background: Oral health care closes the cycle of medical assistance integrated with sports, becoming a specialized service of great value in Cuba; however, oral diseases in young athletes are very frequent. For effective prevention, it is necessary to know the modifiable risk factors related to these diseases.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors and oral diseases in baseball sportsmen from the sports initiation school of Villa Clara, Cuba.
Material and Methods: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out in the young baseball athletes (N=60) of the 15U (n=30) and 18U (n=30) divisions (M=15.33; SD=1.49). Data were analyzed using empirical frequency distribution and descriptive statistics. Data normality was tested using asymmetry, kurtosis, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. U Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences in the risk factors and oral diseases between divisions, and the Tau_b Kendall correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships
between both groups of variables.
Results: Improper tooth brushing, cariogenic diet, and inefficient oral hygiene were the main risk factors, while dental caries, gingivitis, and malocclusions were the oral diseases most notable. Athletes of higher division have greater toxic habits and a cariogenic diet; however, they brush more frequently and have more efficient oral hygiene. Except for the presence of malocclusions, the rest of the conditions are related to the determined risk factors.
Conclusion : The knowledge about the relationship between risk factors and oral conditions allows to base the design of educational intervention actions focused on the promotion of adequate oral health behaviors in the athletes, which shows the relevance of odontology in sports.

The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal relationship between changes in biofilm composition and enamel demineralization following exposure to sucrose. A crossover blind study was conducted in situ in three phases, during which 12 volunteers, divided into three groups, subjected enamel slabs 8 times/day to water (negative control), 10% glucose + 10% fructose (active control) or 20% sucrose solution. Biofilms accumulated for 3, 7 and 14 days were collected and analyzed biochemically and microbiologically, and mineral loss from enamel (ΔZ) was evaluated. Significantly higher ΔZ was found in the sucrose group after 7 days. However, on the 3rd day, lactobacilli, insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide were significantly higher, and the calcium, inorganic phosphorus and fluoride concentrations in the biofilm were significantly lower in the sucrose group than in the negative controls. The only significant difference compared to glucose + ...

Identification of the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) will aid paediatricians and paediatric dentists to enhance health promotion measures to reduce the related morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to determine an evidence-based association between ECC and IDA. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Specialized Register, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to May 2020. Hand searching and grey literature screening were also conducted. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in English language which assessed the association was included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the outcome data. A total of 1,434 studies were identified. Fourteen studies qualified for qualitative review and 7 of them for a meta-analysis. In comparison with children not affected by ECC, those affected had an increased likel...

Objective: To measure the prevalence and pattern of distribution of dental caries in suburban Nigerian children attending nursery school in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional survey of 423 children (225 boys, 198 girls) aged 3-6 years using dmft index. WHO recommendations for oral health survey were used for caries diagnosis (non cavitated lesions were excluded). All examinations were carried out by two calibrated examiners. Result: The prevalence of caries was 10.9% and a mean decayed, missing and filled teeth index (dmft) was 0.3 with the d-component comprising 92%.The mean dmft of children with high social status was higher than children with low social status. No statistically significant differences were found between boys and girls. The pattern of distribution revealed that out of 46 children diagnosed for caries 29 (63%) had caries confined to posterior teeth, 3 (6.5%) had caries only in anterior teeth and in 14(30.4%) both anterior and posterior teeth were affected. Caries free children accounted for 89.1% Discussion: The experience of caries in suburban Nigerian nursery school children found in this study was lower than that reported in most African countries and developed countries. Conclusion: Caries is not a widespread problem in some young suburban Nigerian nursery school children in the population examined. The importance of dental education and oral health programme both curative and preventive measures for this population are important to maintain the WHO / FDI millennium goal in Nigerian children population.

Objectives-This study charted the trajectories of dental caries, including decayed teeth, missing teeth, and filled teeth among older Americans over a 5-year period. In particular, it focused on racial differences in the levels of and rates of change in dental caries experience. Methods-Data came from the Piedmont Dental Study. The sample included 810 older Americans who were dentate at the baseline with up to 4 repeated observations between 1988 and 1994. Hierarchical linear models were employed in depicting intrapersonal and interpersonal differences in dental caries experience. Results-Different measures of caries outcomes exhibited distinct trajectories. On average, the number of decayed teeth decreased over time, whereas missing teeth increased. In contrast, the number of filled teeth remained stable during a 5-year period. Relative to their white counterparts, older black Americans had more decayed teeth and missing teeth but fewer filled teeth. Blacks and whites differed in the levels of dental caries but not in their rates of change except for missing teeth. Even when demographic and socioeconomic attributes were adjusted, racial variations in dental caries experience remained significant. Conclusions-Though significantly correlated, various dental caries outcomes move along different paths over time. In view of the persistent racial disparities in dental caries trajectories, future interventions to minimize such variations among older Americans in the levels of and the rates of change in dental caries experience are clearly warranted. * This research was supported by grants R21 DE19518 and R01 DE08060 (Bei Wu, PI) from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. We thank Corey Remle, Lina Bai, and Lilly Y. Lee for their assistance in undertaking this research.

suggest that either CaF 2-like deposits were not formed in plaque or, if these deposits had been formed, they were rapidly lost. The inability to form persistent amounts of CaF 2-like deposits in plaque may account for the relatively rapid loss of plaque fluid fluoride after the use of conventional fluoride dentifrices or rinses.

Identificar el valor comercial y la eficacia de la cinta de politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) como método de higiene oral para la remoción de la biopelícula dental interproximal, comparado con la seda dental de nylon en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Métodos: Se utilizó la cinta de PTFE para remover la biopelícula dental interproximal. Por muestreo aleatorio simple el tamaño de la muestra fue de 87 (31 hombres y 56 mujeres) con un rango de edades entre 16 y 28 años. A los participantes se les suspendió toda clase de higiene oral durante un período de 12 horas, posteriormente se realizó una tinción con revelador de placa bacteriana y se llevó a cabo la remoción tanto con la cinta de PTFE como con la seda dental mediante la misma técnica y por el mismo operador. La recolección de datos se hizo con base en la división coronal (por tercios) del índice de higiene de Greene y Vermillion, pero se modificó para evaluar solamente las caras interproximales. Resultados: En el grupo de seda dental la presencia de la biopelícula dental interproximal fue 72.6% antes y 11.2% después de la remoción y en el grupo de PTFE fue 72.9% antes y 11% después; al comparar la remoción de la biopelícula con los dos métodos no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05). El valor comercial del PTFE es en promedio 2.7 veces más económico que el de la seda dental de nylon. Conclusiones: La similitud en la remoción de la bio-película interproximal de la cinta de PTFE frente a la seda dental fue significativa. Gracias a su buena bio-compatibilidad, tolerancia y bajo costo, la cinta de PTFE sirve como un método alternativo para retirar la bio-película interproximal. Los resultados de este estudio abren una puerta para investigar técnicas poco ortodoxas, pero eficaces, en el mantenimiento de la salud bucal con el único propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida en las poblaciones menos favorecidas.