Clastic Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Research Papers

Reservoir characterization and structural mapping using integration of well logs and 3-D seismic data was carried out to determine the prolificacy of OVU field, onshore Niger delta. The distribution of reservoir physical parameters... more

El-Hassana dome is an open museum maintains a full record of ancient life. It is one of the famous and attractive geological sites in Egypt and deserves to be one of the protectorate areas. The Actaeonella-bearing limestone-marl member of... more

Seminar

The weathering conditions, provenance, and tectonic setting of sands from the San Nicolas (SN) and San Carlos (SC) beaches along the Gulf of California, Mexico, have been studied using mineralogy, major element, and trace element data.... more

A review of high impact literature on the Southern Benue Trough and Anambra Basin was undertaken to enhance the understanding and definition of the basins in terms of their evolution, area extent, sedimentation history, as well as their... more

This review examines the history of the Sarawak " Cycles " and their application in subdividing offshore Cenozoic stratigraphy. The Cycles are widely but inconsistently used, at least in part because important reports and data collections... more

This review examines the history of the Sarawak " Cycles " and their application in subdividing offshore Cenozoic stratigraphy. The Cycles are widely but inconsistently used, at least in part because important reports and data collections were never published (e.g. Geiger, 1964; Hageman et al., 1987; Hageman maps, 1985, eventually reproduced in Madon, 1999 and Hutchison, 2005; and Taylor et al., 1997) or were published in highly abridged summaries only (Ho Kiam Fui, 1978; Hageman, 1987; Mansor et al., 1999). The lack of a data-audit trail left open possibilities for ambiguity and confusion, as has been commented on by several workers (e.g. Snedden et al., 1995; Ismail & Tucker, 1999). This account reviews the major contributions, published and unpublished, and the concepts of the Cycles, especially over times of geological change. The data behind the model is cited in order to give confidence when integrating Sarawak stratigraphic data into a regional geological model. The Cycles began with an assumption that transgressions over regressive surfaces were distinct and approximately synchronous events for correlation. By including biostratigraphic data these transgressive events could be traced into clay-dominated areas, where lithological and seismic contrast was weak. This integrated approach was carried out through the 1970's and 80's, during which time the data pushed the model towards a three dimensional view of sedimentation, with the basin shape evolving and changing through time. However, development of a full tectono-stratigraphic model paused during the period of accelerated seismic capabilities of the 1990's and early 21 st Century. While geophysical data coverage increased, application of geological analyses decreased, and the integrated approach lost momentum. This review aims to re-establish the role of the Cycles as a part of a large scale geological model. An initial integration with regional geological events is attempted, linking some of the Cycle boundaries with times of known tectonic change.

Pebble morphometry of unbroken quartz pebbles collected from the basal section of Awi Formation exposed around Ewen area, southeastern Nigeria was studied for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Paleoenvironmental analysis refers to the... more

Pebble morphometry of unbroken quartz pebbles collected from the basal section of Awi Formation exposed around Ewen area, southeastern Nigeria was studied for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Paleoenvironmental analysis refers to the study or use of ancient geological materials (rocks) to infer the depositional environment or setting within which they were deposited. Pebble morphometric analysis has aided the determination of paleoenvironment during the deposition of Awi Formation. The depositional processes responsible for shaping the pebbles and the environment that prevailed during past geological times was characterised. This involved the measurement of the three orthogonal axes (long, intermediate and short), determination of their corresponding roundness, flatness indices and elongation indices for no less than 200 pebbles. The pebbles were selected from 20 points across four exposed sections of the Awi Formation around Ewen village. The roundness was determined using the standard roundness chart. The results show that the pebbles are sub-rounded to sub-angular and predominantly compact-bladed. The mean values for the following morphometric parameters: Flatness index, elongation ratio, maximum projection sphericity index and oblate-prolate (OP) index are 0.57, 0.78, 0.74 and 15.65 respectively. These values are in agreement with those of modern fluvial pebbles. This result was integrated with the deductions from bivariate plots of roundness against elongation ratio and sphericity against OP index, and they all inferred the deposition of the conglomeratic sandstones in a fluvial setting with subordinate transitional setting. Fluviatile process with some overlapping littoral influence has been shown to be responsible for the variation in clast morphology of the paraconglomerates (matrix-supported) of Awi Formation. Integrating all observations viz; the sediment stratification and grading style (fining upwards successions) and the dominant unidirectional nature of the crudely imbricate pebbles, a typical fluvial setting is inferred. It is possible that the jointing, faulting, sheeting and/or exfoliation of the rocks of the Oban Massif, which is believed to be the principal source of the sediments (provenance), also accounts for the abundance of vein quartz in the area which was eventually adapted for this study. Within sedimentary settings as this one with paraconglomerates associated with high energy flux during deposition and other typical channel lag deposits are locations of good economic deposits (placer deposits) and in some cases hydrocarbon accumulation. Therefore, besides the significance for pebble morphometry in deciphering paleoenvironments, it also gives clues for potential sites of ore bodies and/or characteristics of some targets for hydrocarbon pools. There are obviously several methods for paleoenvironmental reconstruction using sediments as earlier mentioned, grain morphology is one. However, care must be taken when reconstructing paleoenvironment because the shape of grains is a result of so many other factors and for effective utilisation, a careful study and integration of all other parameters are recommended.

An integrated study involving detailed lithofacies analysis and source rock evaluation were carried out to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and assess the petroleum potentials of the Ikom-Mamfe embayment, southeastern Nigeria.... more

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- by Eric E Hiatt
- •
- 5
  Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Basin analysis, Petrography and Diagenesis

A review of high impact literature on the Southern Benue Trough and Anambra Basin was undertaken to enhance the understanding and definition of the basins in terms of their evolution, area extent, sedimentation history, as well as their... more

During numeric modeling of clastic sedimentation, the modeler is faced with assigning values to several parameters that are difficult to estimate. However, proper handling of uncertainties translates to valuable uncertainty information in... more

Septfontaine, M. (1970) : Etude micropaléontologique et stratigraphique du Lias sup. et du Dogger des Préalpes médianes romandes (Suisse).- Thèse Univ. Genève no 1554, 251 p., 5 pl. 5 dépliants (coupes géol.). Voir la 1e partie pour... more

Based on field investigation of twenty eight vertical and lateral sedimentary profiles in the Gedaref area, nine sedimentary facies have been identified based on lithofacies analysis. The identified sedimentary facies are named:... more

Septfontaine, M. (1970) : Etude micropaléontologique et stratigraphique du Lias sup. et du Dogger des Préalpes médianes romandes (Suisse).- Thèse Univ. Genève - Domaine d'investigation - Historique - cadre géologique stratigraphique et... more

Techniques for detecting discontinuities by computing the absolute maximum curvature of seismic traces have been applied to a 3D seismic data acquired in the deep-water Niger Delta. Volumetric dip and azimuth of the seismic traces were... more

The prograding shelf margin of Lake Pannon reached and ran across the Northern Somogy (Hungary) area between 8.8 and 8 Ma in an overall NNW–SSE direction.The aim of this study was to understand the controlling effects of relative... more

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- by Balázs Törő and +2
  László Fodor
  Orsolya Sztanó
- •
- 16
  Sedimentology, Structural Geology, Hungarian, Lake Processes

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- by Eric E Hiatt
- •
- 5
  Geology, Sequence Stratigraphy, Diagenesis, Uranium

A review of high impact literature on the Southern Benue Trough and Anambra Basin was undertaken to enhance the understanding and definition of the basins in terms of their evolution, area extent, sedimentation history, as well as their... more

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- by Andrea Di Capua
- •
- 8
  Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Sedimentology

In the modern world, a characterization and quantitative interpretation study is typically involved a combination of seismic and the well data. A rock physics study becomes a bridge between those two different types of data and it is... more

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- by Kantimati Kulkarni and +1
  Anand Kale
- •
- 7
  Geology, Sedimentology, Ichnology, Multidisciplinary

The weathering conditions, provenance, and tectonic setting of sands from the San Nicolas (SN) and San Carlos (SC) beaches along the Gulf of California, Mexico, have been studied using mineralogy, major element, and trace element data.... more

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Background: The BidaBasin is the least studied of Nigeria's inland frontier basins but is believed to have oil and gas resources. No exploration wells have been drilled in the basin. However, it has recently become a subject of intense... more

Background: The BidaBasin is the least studied of Nigeria's inland frontier basins but is believed to have oil and gas resources. No exploration wells have been drilled in the basin. However, it has recently become a subject of intense debate because of the renewed commitment by the state oil company, NNPC to commence exploration in the Basin in a bid to raise the country reserves by 40 billion barrels by 2023. This has made it imperative to increase research efforts to characterize the basin in terms of its petroleum system elements and understand the environment of deposition of its sediments. Materials and Methods: The research involves outcrop studies of sedimentary road cut sections and quarry sections of the Patti Formation, grain size analysis, petrographic analysis, foraminifera analysis and Total organic carbon (TOC). The field work exercise involved detailed section measurement, description of lithologic unit and sample collection. The equipment and the materials used for the successful mapping of the area include the Global Positioning System (GPS), clinometers compass, sample bag, masking tape, hammer and chisel, topographic map, measuring tape, hand lens, digital camera and field note. Results: The result of the grain size analysis reveals that the samples are fine grained (average values of 2.777, 2.165, 2.475), poorly sorted samples (average values of 1.661, 1.534, 1.887) and texturally mature. They are mainly platykurtic siltstones. The nature of the histogram is an indication of slow water current. Deduction from thin section petrographic analysis of the ironstone samples suggested the presence of goethite, siderite, quartz and some clay minerals. Diagenetic processes identified are compaction and cementation. Goethite is the predominating mineral of the ironstones. Structures observed in the section were massive bedding, laminations, fractures, concretions and bioturbations. Thin section petrography of the ironstone facies reveals that weathering and changes in the oxidation to reduction condition of the inter particle fluid between the pores of the ironstones during diagenesis lead to the ferruginisation of the precursor sandstones and clays in an oxidizing environment. Foraminifera results for the shale samples yielded generally low percentage of benthic foraminifera while the species observed include Bolivina spp., Bulimina spp., Miliammina spp. and Textularia spp. These benthic species dwells in an environment ranging from brackish to normal marine environment with oxic to dysoxic conditions. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis of twelve shale samples was carried out which range from 1.08 wt. % to 4.07 wt. % revealed that the shale samples have a good potential for hydrocarbon. Conclusion:The Patti Formation consists of four lithofacies which are shale, siltstone, claystone and ironstone.The siltstone samples are fine grained, poorly sorted and majorly platykurtic which suggests that they were deposited in a low energy quiet water environment probably the fluvial environment. Deduction from the petrographic studies showed that the ironstones of the Patti Formation is composed of minerals such as siderite, goethite, quartz and clay matrix with the clay matrix serving as cementing minerals.Total Organic Carbon analysis of the shale samples revealed an average value of 2.51 wt. % which shows that the shales are good source rocks for hydrocarbon generation upon maturity.With the occurrence of species such as, Bolivina species, Bulimina species, Miliammina species and the Textularia species the shale samples are of shallow marine sources of anoxic conditions.

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- by Abdulquadri O . Alabere and +1
  Olayemi Akangbe
- •
- 6
  Geochemistry, Sedimentology, Petrology and Geochemistry, Sedimentary Petrology

As Nigerian operations expand into more challenging and costly operating environments of deepfrontiers, there is need for critical access to sound stratigraphic, depositional and reservoir facies models. The extraction of facies types... more

This research has developed novel techniques to reconstruct a variety of aeolian dune architectures using subsurface datasets, supplemented by outcrop studies and data from analogous modern aeolian systems. These methods demonstrate the... more

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Clastic Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology

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