Sarawak

Carl Lumholtz,
THROUGH CENTRAL BORNEO :
AN ACCOUNT OF TWO YEARS’ TRAVEL IN THE LAND OF THE HEAD-HUNTERS BETWEEN YEARS 1913 AND 1917, VOLUME II
New York : Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MBPLPuzjfe64N4UWE_u8apeKP5cqR4Uc/view?usp=drivesdk

#borneo
#kalimantan
#kalimantantengah
#antropologi
#arkeologi
#etnografi
#arsitektur
#tattoo
#sejarahkalimantan
#sejarahindonesia
#sejarahnusantara
#catatanindonesia
#catatannusantara

The Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) initiative was launched 1994 to accelerate development of the economy of Brunei Darussalam (hereafter referred to as Brunei) and some of the lesser developed areas of the three other countries: in Indonesia: East and West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, Southeast Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Maluka, and Irian Jaya; in Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak states, and the Federal Territory of Labuan; and in the Philippines: Mindanao and Palawan.

During the early stages of the initiative the ADB carried out a comprehensive investigative study to identified significant opportunities for regional economic cooperation, but enthusiasm to implement the proposed initiatives was short-lived. The Asian Crisis, the El Niño phenomenon, and other natural and man-made phenomena in 1997-98 combined to prevent implementation of those proposals. Concern over how BIMP-EAGA should respond to these and other events was expressed by delegates to the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) in Manado, Indonesia in August 2002. In an effort to revitalize BIMP-EAGA, delegates requested that the following two key issues be examined: (1) how to deepen the understanding of the impact of the changing global and regional environment on BIMP-EAGA and the implications of reviving the subregional cooperative initiatives; and (2) how to prioritize the emerging opportunities for cross-border cooperation activities to achieve tangible results for BIMP-EAGA in a short period of time based on the previous experiences and clearer understanding of the prospects of the subregion.

As regional development advisor to BIMP-EAGA, the ADB supported the SOM’s request by providing technical assistance (TA) for the present study. The study aims to produce a realistic and pragmatic subregional development framework that can be supported by the BIMP-EAGA governments, the private sector and other stakeholders and help them prepare a development blueprint for implementation of the proposed subregional cooperation strategy and program (SCSP). To that end, the study reviews and updates the EAGA’s development strategy and identifies achievable objectives based on both the ADB’s 1996 study and developments since then. In particular, the Study Team has been asked to (1) enhance the understanding of the strengths and potential for economic cooperation among EAGA countries by reviewing changes in their production structure, market dynamics and policy and institutional aspects of economic cooperation in the post-crisis period; (2) prioritize potential subregional cooperation sectors, programs and projects; and (3) support the preparation and formulation of project concepts for selected priority activities in subregional economic cooperation.

BORNEO : ITS GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

Theodor Posewitz, Frederick H. Hatch (English Translator)

London: Edward Stanford, 1892


#borneo
#kalimantan
#geologi
#tambang
#mineral
#sejarah
#sejarahborneo
#sejarahkalimantan
#sejarahindonesia
#sejarahnusantara
#catatanindonesia
#catatannusantara

https://www.instagram.com/p/CQsCOzWAYVP/
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CiEwc3Ig5-QjiAUWPK6k48uJozx9yJhA/view

bit.ly/3gYG3bz

Orgutsel iklim ve ogretmen bagliligi, bir okulun etkinligini ortaya koyan kritik faktorlerden birkacidir. Ancak, okulun orgutsel iklimi ile ogretmen bagliligi arasindaki iliskiyi inceleyen calismalarda yeterli degildir. Orgut iklimi ve baglilik arasindaki iliskiyi aciklayan teorinin genislemesine katkida bulunabilecek bir calisma yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu calismada okulun orgutsel iklimi ile ogretmen bagliligi arasindaki iliskiye odaklanilmistir. Bu calisma, Sarawak, Malezya'daki 167 ortaokuldan 375 ogretmeni kapsayan amacli ornekleme ile kesitsel tanimlayici calisma tasarimi kullanilarak yapilmistir. Bu calismada Orgutsel Iklim Endeksi (OCI) ve Orgutsel Baglilik Anketi (OCQ) olmak uzere iki anket araci kullanilmistir. Okulun orgutsel iklimindeki dort boyut (yani meslektas liderligi, ogretmen profesyonelligi, akademik baski ve kurumsal kirilganlik) bagimsiz degiskenlerdir. Ogretmen bagliligi bagimli degiskendir. Bu calismanin sonuclari okulun orgutsel ikliminin ogr...

This book chapter, here in an unedited draft, will appear in G Bell and V Taylor (ed), Pluralism, Transnationalism and Culture in Asian Law: A Book in Honour of M.B. Hooker, Singapore, ISEAS, late 2015. The chapter, in the spirit of and relying on Barry Hooker's work on Sabah and Sarawak, looks at legal pluralism in the context of the evolving legal and constitutional order in East Malaysia, arguing that indigenous adat has become constitutionalised. The indigenous people's adat is protected in the legal system but they are not politically protected in spite of the guarantees that were given in 1963.

This thesis is to study the relationship between extrinsic rewards and how it could affect employees' motivation in an organization. There are four dimensions of extrinsic rewards that had been used for this thesis; pay/salary, monetary bonuses, job promotion, and fringe benefits.

The Limitation Ordinance (Sarawak) (Cap. 49) was enacted on 1 January 1959. The Ordinance was declared to be federal law by virtue of the Modification of Laws (Declaration of Present Laws) (Sarawak) Order 1965 - FLN200 of 1965. The preamble to the Ordinance reads as follows: "An Ordinance to regulate the limitation of suits". Section 5 states that "when, by any special law now or hereafter in force in Sarawak, a period of limitation is especially prescribed for any suit, nothing herein contained shall affect or alter the period so prescribed.

Subject to sections 4 to 24 inclusive, every suit instituted after the period of limitation prescribed therefor by the Schedule, if limitation has been set up as a defence, shall be dismissed.

1.0 PENGENALAN Bunga Rafflesia atau juga dikenali sebagai Bunga Pakma merupakan sejenis tumbuhan bunga yang bersaiz besar. Bunga Pakma spesis Rafflesia Arnoldii pula merupakan spesis bunga Rafflesia yang terbesar di dunia dengan saiznya yang mampu membesar sehingga 91 sentimeter atau berukuran (3 kaki) diameter, tebal kelopak bunga pula sekitar 1.9 sentimeter bersamaan (3/4 inci) serta beratnya yang kira-kira 7 kilogram. Bunga ini juga terdiri daripada beberapa spesis yang telah direkodkan. Antaranya ialah Rafflesia arnoldii Rafflesia cantleyi, Rafflesia gadutensis, Rafflesia hasseltii, Rafflesia keithii, Rafflesia kerrii, Rafflesia manillana, Rafflesia micropylora, Rafflesia pakma, Rafflesia pricei, Rafflesia rochussenii, Rafflesia schadenbergiana, Rafflesia speciose, Rafflesia tengku-adlinii dan Rafflesia tuan-mudae. Bunga Rafflesia yang pertama telah direkodkan oleh Sir Stamford Raffles dan Dr Joseph Arnold pada tahun 1816. Bunga Rafflesia spesis itu diberi nama Rafflesia Arnoldii bersempena dengan nama mereka yang menemukan spesis bunga tersebut. Bunga itu dijumpai di bandar Bengkulu (Bencoolen) di Sumatera, Indonesia. Bunga ini juga telah menjadi bunga rasmi di negara Indonesia dan juga negeri Sabah di Malaysia kerana bunga ini hanya terdapat di negeri di Borneo sahaja. Bunga ini juga secara rasminya turut menjadi ikon di kepulauan Borneo yang menjadikan negeri tersebut terkenal dengan flora dan faunanya yang pelbagai disamping kepelbagaian budaya dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Sabah juga telah mewujudkan Hutan Simpan Rafflesia yang meliputi kawasan seluas 356 ha daerah Tambunan, Sabah, Malaysia. Tempat tersebut telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1984 oleh Jabatan Perhutanan Sabah bagi melindungi bunga Rafflesia yang terdapat di kawasan itu. Tempat ini juga telah menjadi Pusat Informasi Rafflesia. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa Kawasan yang dikenalpasti ditemukan bunga Rafflesia ini yang dijadikan Kawasan hutan simpan bagi menjaga habitat dan pertumbuhan bunga Rafflesia tersebut. Namun begitu, pada tahun 2012, tumbuhan parasit tersebut telah ditemui di Semenanjung Malaysia oleh seorang pekerja Perbadanan Taman Negeri Perak ketika menjalankan kerja-kerja rutin harian menyelia kawasan berkenaan. Bunga pakma atau Rafflesia iaitu bunga terbesar di dunia lazimnya ditemui mempunyai lima kelopak. Bagaimanapun, spesis hibrid betina fauna berkenaan ditemui memiliki 10 kelopak berdiameter 46 sentimeter di Sungai Gadong, Taman Negeri Royal Belum, Gerik, Perak. Menurut Pengurus Perbadanan Taman Negeri, Iylia Ainuddin, penemuan bunga itu yang dikenal pasti sebagai hasil daripada evolusi antara spesies R. azlanii dan R. cantleyi telah disahkan sebagai yang pertama di dunia. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengilustrasikan struktur dan keratan rentas yang terdapat pada spesis bunga Rafflesia yang menjadikan tunbuhan ini unik serta berlainan daripada bunga-bunga yang terdapat di dunia ini. Selain itu, penyelidikan ini juga ingin memperkenalkan ciri-ciri unik yang terdapat pada fizikal bunga Rafflesia tersebut dan mengolah maklumat yang berbentuk penulisan kepada bentuk infografik yang disertakan dengan rajah yang membolehkan audien melihat struktur dan fizikal bunga Rafflesia dengan lebih effektif dan mudah. 2.0 LATAR BELAKANG KAJIAN Kajian ini akan memfokuskan kepada ciri-ciri yang terdapat pada bunga Rafflesia. Bunga Pakma yang pertama telah direkodkan oleh Sir Stamford Raffles dan Dr Joseph Arnold pada tahun 1816. Bunga Pakma spesis itu diberi nama Rafflesia Arnoldii bersempena dengan nama mereka yang menemukan spesis bunga tersebut. Bunga Pakma itu dijumpai di bandar Bengkulu (Bencoolen) di Sumatera, Indonesia. Bunga ini juga telah menjadi bunga rasmi di negara Indonesia dan juga negeri Sabah di Malaysia kerana bunga ini juga banyak terdapat di negeri di Borneo seperti Sabah, Sarawak dan Brunei. Bunga ini juga secara rasminya turut menjadi ikon di negeri-negeri di Borneo yang

PENGENALAN Pada tahun 2017, saiz dan kadar pertumbuhan penduduk di Malaysia ialah dianggarkan sebanyak 32.0 juta orang dengan 28.7 juta warganegara dan 3.3 juta bukan warganegara. Berbanding tahun 2016, kadar pertumbuhan penduduk warganegara dan bukan warganegara pada 2017 menurun masing-masing kepada 1.1 peratus dan 2.9 peratus. Kadar pertumbuhan penduduk secara keseluruhan adalah 1.3 peratus. Manakala jika dilahat dari segi komposisi kaum pula, pada tahun 2017, etnik Bumiputera mencatatkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.2 mata peratus berbanding 2016 iaitu 68.8 peratus daripada jumlah penduduk warganegara. Walau bagaimanapun, etnik Cina mencatatkan penurunan 0.2 mata peratus kepada 23.2 peratus, manakala etnik India dan Lain-lain kekal masing-masing pada 7.0 peratus dan 1.0 peratus berbanding 2016 (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, 2017). Manakala menurut Utusan Online (2016), Jumlah penduduk Malaysia pada tahun 2016 dianggarkan 31.7 juta orang iaitu meningkat sebanyak 0.5 juta berbanding 31.2 juta orang pada tahun 2015. Jika dilihat dari segi taburan kaum pula Etnik bumiputera mencatatkan peratusan tertinggi bagi kategori penduduk warganegara di Malaysia iaitu sebanyak 68.6 peratus diikuti oleh etnik Cina sebanyak 23.4 peratus, India sebanyak 7.0 peratus dan lain-lain ialah 1.0 peratus. Setelah melihat kadar bilangan rakyat negara kita yang semakin bertambah tahun demi tahun dan taburan kaum dalam negara kita yang agak tidak seimbang semestinya merupakan suatu cabaran bagi kaum-kaum minoriti dalam negara ini untuk memupuk hubungan yang baik antara satu sama lain. Bukan mudah untuk kita menggunakan ruang awam bagi memupuk hubungan etnik sedangkan di negara Amerika Syarikat yang mempunyai 2 bangsa sahaja iaitu bangsa kulit putih dan bangsa kulit hitam masih tidak dapat mencapai kata sepakat sehingga ke hari ini inikan pula negara kita yang terdiri daripada lebih daripada 40 lebih etnik termasuk etnik Sabah dan Sarawak.

This chapter explores the appearance of early polities and development of complex societies between the tenth and mid-fourteenth centuries along the northwest coast of Borneo, a region encompassing present-day Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah. Archaeological data from this region provides evidence for the existence of a number of coastal or semi-coastal complex societies in the first decade of the second millennium CE on the northwest coast with the most significant in Brunei and the Limbang, Santubong and Gedong areas of Sarawak. The development of these early polities in this northwest region as well as in the island as a whole remains obscure, and it is fair to surmise that we know more about the prehistory of Borneo than its proto-historical period.

Kajian akademik ini membincangkan tentang impak penganjuran Sarawak Regatta di Kuching. Dalam penulisan ilmiah ini, pengkaji telah menyatakan tujuan kajian ini dijalankan iaitu termasuklah untuk mengkaji potensi penganjuran sukan air ini, impaknya terhadap ekonomi, serta penerimaan masyarakat. Pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk menjalankan kajian ini iaitu mengedar borang soal selidik di sekitar kawasan Kuching. Hasil kajian ini membuktikan bahawa regatta sememangnya telah memberi impak daripada pelbagai aspek terhadap bandaraya Kuching.

Alois Raimund Hein
DIE BILDENDEN KÜNSTE BEI DEN DAYAKS AUF BORNEO
Wien: Alfred Holder, 1890

https://drive.google.com/file/d/14rpVWbXMpzcFkUTkiyFJ3f8KQ55s4qBs/view?usp=drivesdk

#borneo
#dayak
#budaya
#senibudaya
#kesenian
#antropologi
#arkeologi
#sejarah
#sejarahdayak
#sejarahborneo
#sejarahindonesia
#sejarahnusantara
#catatanindonesia
#catatannusantara

Setiap kumpulan masyarakat di dunia ini tanpa mengira latar tempat, bangsa dan benua sekalipun sudah pastinya mempunyai amalan tradisi tersendiri yang melambangkan identiti bangsa itu sendiri seperti amalan adat kematian. Sebagai contoh di Malaysia, kaum seperti Melayu, Cina, India, Iban dan kaum-kaum lain mengamalkan amalan adat kematian mengikuti adat resam masing-masing. Walaupun terdapat perbezaan dalam amalan adat kematian mengikut kaum tetapi, tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa terdapatnya sedikit persamaan dalam pengamalannya.

THE HOME-LIFE OF BORNEO HEAD-HUNTERS: ITS FESTIVALS AND FOLK-LORE

William Henry Furness,

Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1902

Unduh : bit.ly/3H5mY2p

#borneo
#dayak
#antropologi
#etnografi
#sosial
#budaya
#kesenian
#sejarah
#sejarahborneo
#sejarahdayak
#sejarahindonesia
#sejarahnusantara
#catatanindonesia
#catatannusantara

https://www.instagram.com/p/CWFFXYuvD76/

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ozfaVdJ_ctKLqLZ--53MCKO5FUR2BGwj/view

bit.ly/3H5mY2p

Settled on the South China Sea coast of Sarawak, the Melanau comprise an aristocratic society which used to have a strong bead culture, tied to animist religion. Developments in the 19th and 20th centuries have influenced the traditional way of life so that today, only a few Melanau still keep a significant number of beads. Nevertheless, shamen and healers, adherents to the old religion, continue to use beads in healing and purification ceremonies. Bereaved families protect themselves by wearing special beads, and by providing the deceased with beads according to his or her status in the traditional hierarchy. Specific kinds of beads are also prominent in traditional marriage ceremonies. Beads continue to adorn blouses and to serve as personal ornaments. Handicrafts embellished with glass seed beads are also produced, but mostly for the souvenir market.

Bab ini secara keseluruhannya akan mendedahkan peranan-peranan yang pernah di lakukan oleh Datu Patinggi Abang haji Abdillah dalam isu penyerahan negeri Sarawak. Pada awalnya, ketika pendudukan Jepun, beliau telah mengambil tindakan yang bijak dengan menyatakan dirinya akan berpihak kepada Jepun demi menyelamatkan bangsanya ditindas dan diperlakukan dengan kejam. Selesai sahaja pendudukan jepun, Datu Patinggi dengan harapan yang baru, menganggap Sarawak akan diperintah semula oleh keturunan Raja Brooke. Pelbagai cara dan usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk memujuk Vyner brooke supaya melindungi rakyat Sarawak dan terus menjadi pemerintah di negeri Sarawak. Namun ternyata penyerahan itu sendiri adalah kehendak Raja apabila MacBryan iaitu setiausaha peribadinya diutuskan ke Sarawak untuk memujuk golongan pemimpin menyokong penyerahan Sarawak. Datu Patinggi adalah pemimpin yang paling kuat menentang idea penyerahan negeri Sarawak. Bahkan MacBryan telah menggunakan banyak muslihat barulah berjaya memujuk beliau untuk menurunkan tandatangan di atas dokumen yang dibawa olehnya. Walaupun Kerajaan British telah diisytihar sebagai pemerintah baru negeri Sarawak, pelbagai usaha masih dilakukan oleh Datu Patinggi untuk terus menentang penyerahan tersebut

Masyarakat Iban merupakan rumpun etnik Dayak; terkenal dahulu sebagai Dayak Laut yang membentuk kumpulan etnik peribumi terbesar di Sarawak. Sejumlah kira-kira 60% daripada jumlah penduduk Sarawak adalah orang Iban. Mereka mendiami daerah dan bahagian Sarawak dari daerah Lundu sehingga ke Limbang. Orang Iban bertutur menggunakan bahasa dan sistem tulisan yang tersendiri tanpa benih daripada etnik yang lain. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan sistem bahasa Iban di dalam pengukuhannya bagi penggunaan kepelbagaian pertuturan seterusnya membentuk puisi rakyatnya tersendiri. Disamping itu, kajian juga menumpukan kepada penggunaan sistem tulisan Iban terhadap perkembangan tamadun. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berbentuk sumber temubual, soalan dan jawapan daripada masyarakat Iban. Sehubungan dengan itu, metodologi yang lain turut membuat rujukan di perpustakaan, buku, jurnal, artikel, surat khabar dan laman web internet. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa masyarakat Iban mempunyai sistem bahasa dan tulisan yang daripada benihnya tersendiri.

The structural-stratigraphic history of the North Luconia Province, Sarawak deepwater area, is related to the tectonic history of the South China Sea. The Sarawak Basin initiated as a foreland basin as a result of the collision of the Luconia continental block with Sarawak (Sarawak Orogeny). The foreland basin was later overridden by and buried under the prograding Oligocene-Recent shelf-slope system. The basin had evolved through a deep foreland basin (‘flysch’) phase during late Eocene–Oligocene times, followed by post-Oligocene (‘molasse’) phase of shallow marine shelf progradation to present day.

Seismic interpretation reveals a regional Early Miocene Unconformity (EMU) separating pre-Oligocene to Miocene rifted basement from overlying undeformed Upper Miocene–Pliocene bathyal sediments. Seismic, well data and subsidence analysis indicate that the EMU was caused by relative uplift and predominantly submarine erosion between 19 and 17 Ma ago. The subsidence history suggests a rift-like
subsidence pattern, probably with a foreland basin overprint during the last 10 Ma. Modelling results indicate that the EMU represents a major hiatus in the sedimentation history, with an estimated 500–2600 m of missing section, equivalent to a time gap of 8–10 Ma. The EMU is known to extend over the entire NW Borneo margin and is probably related to the Sabah Orogeny which marks the cessation of
sea-floor spreading in the South China Sea and collision of Dangerous Grounds block with Sabah.

Gravity modelling indicates a thinned continental crust underneath the Sarawak shelf and slope and supports the seismic and well data interpretation. There is a probable presence of an overthrust wedge beneath the Sarawak shelf, which could be interpreted as a sliver of the Rajang Group accretionary prism. Alternatively, magmatic underplating beneath the Sarawak shelf could equally explain the free-air gravity anomaly. The Sarawak basin was part of a remnant ocean basin that was closed by oblique collision along the NW Borneo margin. The closure started in the Late Eocene in Sarawak and moved progressively northeastwards into Sabah until the Middle Miocene. The present-day NW Sabah margin may be a useful analogue for the Oligocene–Miocene Sarawak foreland basin.

Pada pertengahan kedua abad ke-19, James Brooke di Sarawak dan British di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu tergamam dengan
orang yang bernama Sharip Mashor dan Syed Mashhor. Setelah membuat percubaan untuk menggulingkan James Brooke pada tahun 1859, Sharip Mashor  telah dibuang negeri ke Singapura dan kadangkala tinggal di Muar  dan di Melaka  untuk  beberapa ketika.  Hampir sepuluh tahun kemudian di Selangor nama Syed Mashhor kerap muncul semasa Perang Kelang (1867-1872).  Ramai sarjana, pelajar dan penulis akrab dengan sejarah Sarawak dan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu beranggapan bahawa dua nama ini sama ada Mashor atau Mashhor ialah nama untuk orang yang sama.  Bab ini cuba merungkaikan kekeliruan tentang identiti dua
orang ini untuk mencari penjelasan yang lebih mantap.

Malaysia has many ethnic groups, and each ethnic group has own custom and tradition 
that  most  Malaysians  are  not  aware,  especially  traditional  dances.  Among  the 
Malaysian  states,  Sabah  and  Sarawak,  situated  in  the  Borneo  Island  have  the  most 
diverse ethnic groups in Sarawak. It has more than 30 ethnic groups. Each of the ethnic 
groups  has  its  own  language,  cultures  and  lifestyle.  In  this  regards,  this  research 
focuses on the main ethnic groups of Sarawak which are Orang Ulu, Malays, Melanau, 
Bidayuh,  Chinese  and  Ibans.  The  aim  of  this  study  is  to  investigate  the  level  of 
awareness  among  the  Management  and  Science  University  (MSU)  students  regarding 
their level of awareness and knowledge about traditional dances of Sarawak. The data 
were  gathered  by  distributing  questionnaires  among  MSU  students.  The  data  were 
then  analysed  using  SPSS  system  version  18.0.  Results  concluded  that,  most  of  MSU 
students have limited knowledge about Sarawak traditional dances. Interests, internet, 
performing  arts  clubs  and  family  background  are  the  independent  variable  factors  to 
learn  and  gain  knowledge  about  Sarawak  traditional  dances.  The  level  of  awareness 
among  MSU  students  towards  Sarawak  traditional  dances  can  be  enhanced  through 
events and special occasions to increase level of awareness towards Sarawak cultures. 
The  government  plays  a  major  role  in  introducing  Sarawak  cultures  to  the  whole  of 
Malaysia.  Future  studies  could  focus  on  factors  that  influence  the  level  of  awareness 
towards  Sarawak  traditional  dances,  and  the  contribution  of  Sarawak’s  traditional 
dances to Malaysia’s cultural and heritage tourism. 
 

This is the record of the debate in Dewan Rakyat (the Lower House of Malaysia's Parliament on 2015.12.02 which resulted in the amendment of Article 46 of the Federal Constitution to increase the number of parliamentarians from Sarawak from 28 to 31, and the national total from 219 to 222. Pages 19-87.

Bab ini pada permulaannya menceritakan sedikit mengenai pentadbiran di Sarawak ketika pemerintahan Keluarga Brooke. Tujuan utama dikupas semula mengenai pemerintahan keluarga Brooke adalah untuk melihat semula bagaimana dan bila masyarakat Melayu di Sarawak itu mula mengorak langkah dalam mempertahankan dan memperjuangkan tanah air sendiri. Walaupun pada awal pemerintahan Brooke jelas menunjukkan beliau cuba menyekat kesedaran rakyat terhadap kepentingan pembangunan politik dan pendidikan. Namun apabila pembangunan dalam pendidikan mula mendapat perhatian ramai, bibit-bibit nasionalisme itu mula muncul dalam diri masyarakat Melayu. Kemunculan Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah dalam urusan pentadbiran jelas menunjukkan rasa tanggungjawab beliau terhadap sistem penggantian Raja yang telah ditinggalkan oleh Raja Brooke sebelumnya. Pelbagai cara beliau lakukan supaya tiada sebrang perubahan yang dilakukan terhadap wasiat politik yang telah ditinggalkan. Usaha-usaha beliau jelas membuahkan hasil apabila kesemua rancangan yang dialkukan untuk menukarkan sistem penggantian Raja itu terus gagal. Secara tidak langsung, kegagalan ini jelas menunjukkan pengaruh Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah dalam pentadbiran Sarawak ketika itu. Selain itu, perlu dilihat semula pemerintahan Sarawak di bawah Brooke untuk merungkaikan sebab Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Sarawak (PKMS) melancarkan bantahan kepada penyerahan Sarawak kepada British. Kebangkitan masyarakat Melayu seperti Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah dalam memimpin PKMS jelas menunjukkan masyarakat Melayu mulai sedar akan kepentingan mempertahankan tanah air .

Since the launching of the Industrialised Building System (IBS) first project in 1960's, the Malaysian government has enthusiastically promote the IBS as a successful tool to deliver a construction project and to ease the problems that have been long haunting the Malaysian construction industry such as delay, wastage, defects and the negative 3D (Dirty, Difficult and Difficult) image of construction industry. So far, the take ups are still below targeted figure as stipulated in IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. Thus, this paper aims to identify the involvement of Sarawak contractors in IBS through questionnaires. The results indicated that IBS is still considered new to most of the contractors in Sarawak and thus, further indicated that they were still lacking exposure to IBS. Most of the contractors agreed that IBS will enhance better project delivery. However, lack of volume to economically use of IBS becomes the main setback to the implementation of IBS in Sarawak.

This review examines the history of the Sarawak " Cycles " and their application in subdividing offshore Cenozoic stratigraphy. The Cycles are widely but inconsistently used, at least in part because important reports and data collections were never published (e.g. Geiger, 1964; Hageman et al., 1987; Hageman maps, 1985, eventually reproduced in Madon, 1999 and Hutchison, 2005; and Taylor et al., 1997) or were published in highly abridged summaries only (Ho Kiam Fui, 1978; Hageman, 1987; Mansor et al., 1999). The lack of a data-audit trail left open possibilities for ambiguity and confusion, as has been commented on by several workers (e.g. Snedden et al., 1995; Ismail & Tucker, 1999). This account reviews the major contributions, published and unpublished, and the concepts of the Cycles, especially over times of geological change. The data behind the model is cited in order to give confidence when integrating Sarawak stratigraphic data into a regional geological model. The Cycles began with an assumption that transgressions over regressive surfaces were distinct and approximately synchronous events for correlation. By including biostratigraphic data these transgressive events could be traced into clay-dominated areas, where lithological and seismic contrast was weak. This integrated approach was carried out through the 1970's and 80's, during which time the data pushed the model towards a three dimensional view of sedimentation, with the basin shape evolving and changing through time. However, development of a full tectono-stratigraphic model paused during the period of accelerated seismic capabilities of the 1990's and early 21 st Century. While geophysical data coverage increased, application of geological analyses decreased, and the integrated approach lost momentum. This review aims to re-establish the role of the Cycles as a part of a large scale geological model. An initial integration with regional geological events is attempted, linking some of the Cycle boundaries with times of known tectonic change.

[Submitted to Sarawak Museum Journal for publication in 2016, bicentenary of birth of Hiram Williams]                                      Hiram Williams was a Welsh land and mineral surveyor sent to Borneo by the British Admiralty in 1845 to report on coal deposits. He also contributed some of the most enduring views of Sarawak, the attribution of which has long been neglected, and appears to have narrowly missed out on being Kuching's landlord and initiator of the Sarawak Company. After perhaps five years of involvement with Borneo he settled down in England to a life in mining company administration and management, but died a gentleman farmer.

Exotic objects are often displayed in western museums for their powerful aesthetic rather than historical value because little is known regarding the provenance and history of the object. A chance encounter with a colleague’s photograph of a shield in the Vatican Anima Mundi Museum reveals a series of transactions. A trusted Madang (Badeng) chief Saba Irang gave a shield in 1899 to Resident Charles Hose to be presented to Rajah Charles Brooke as a sign of peaceful acceptance of Brooke Rule, in Sarawak, Borneo. This came after a series of uprisings, punitive expeditions, displacement and reconciliation. The context and act of giving this shield is examined in the context of peace- making and trade. This gift did not stay in Sarawak as a reminder of the relationship this chief had forged with the Rajah but disappeared only to be found exhibited in the Vatican Museum some 120 years later. A case is made for this object to be exhibited in Sarawak for its story to be told with the source community who have spent the intervening time straddling the borderlands in Borneo between Kalimantan Indonesia and Sarawak Malaysia, vying for recognition and their rights as citizens of the state of Sarawak. Their story on the borders of the state is encapsulated in the provenance of the shield and its presence in an exhibition in Sarawak can provide a voice for the telling of an alternative history of peace-making from the margins.