Community Involvement

This study aimed to develop and test a framework and tool for assessing and developing community participation in Primary Health Organisations (PHOs) in New Zealand. A qualitative study completed in three phases: semi-structured interviews with 42 key stakeholders in the primary care sector; development of and consultation on a draft toolkit, which included a PHO review process; and piloting the toolkit in four different types of PHOs. A toolkit entitled Community Participation: A Resource Kit and Self-Assessment Tool for PHOs (CP Toolkit for PHOs) was developed, which contains a set of resources for organisational self-review and a framework for community participation under the six headings: Organisational Structure, Maori Responsiveness, Governance and Management Processes, Use of Resources, Links to the Wider Community, and Consultation and Decision-Making. The pilot PHO sites found the CP Toolkit, and the review process contained within it, to be very relevant to the implementa...

A B S T R A C T The purpose of this article is to present the Mexican experience related to the US-Mexico joint Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem-Based Assessment and Management Project, particularly the community involvement and mangrove wetland restoration, and the challenges for its replication and up-scaling. Results focus on community engagement, environmental education and social participation, strategies for hydrological restoration of mangrove, and difficulties and recommendations for the implementation of the Strategic Action Program. The main conclusions are that the community-based hydrologic restoration approach, is a good way to ensure long-term restoration of wetlands. Changing from mangrove plantations to the hydrological restoration of wetlands, and construction of human capacities resulted in a more efficient strategy for ecosystem restoration and had influenced the forest environmental policy. The involvement of government and education institutions as execution agencies will contribute to a more efficient appropriation of the project and LME approach. The development of economic alternatives and the ecological monitoring are some of the identified challenges within the implementation phase of the Strategic Action Program.

This paper applies the theoretical constructs of collaboration to tourism destinations and offers insight into interorganizational collaboration for one specific tourism domain, the planning and development of local, community-based tourism destinations. Drawing primarily from the literature on interorganizational relations, the theoretical constructs of collaboration are discussed first. Challenges and considerations in the planning and development of local tourist destinations are then summarized, followed by examples of community-based collaboration research. Propositions are presented for guiding collaborative initiatives and for investigating the application of collaboration theory to the planning and development of tourism destinations, from a community-involvement perspective.L'article applique les constructions théoriques de la collaboration aux destinations touristiques et jette de la lumière sur la collaboration interorganisationnelle pour un domaine particulier du tourisme: la planification et le développement communautaire des destinations touristiques locales. On discute d'abord les constructions théoriques de la collaboration en faisant appel à la littérature sur les relations interorganisationnelles. On résume les défis et les considérations de la planification et du développement des destinations touristiques locales, et on donne ensuite des exemples de recherches sur la collaboration communautaire. On présente des suggestions pour guider des initiatives collaboratives et pour investiguer l'application de la théorie de la collaboration à la planification et au développement des destinations touristiques dans un contexte communautaire.

Community-based participatory research in public health focuses on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and integrate the knowledge gained with action to bene® t the community involved. This article presents key principles

‘Community participation’ and ‘bottom up planning’ have become fashionable themes in international health circles. However, in the absence of sociocultural perspective these themes remain largely rhetoric. In this paper, a deprofessionalization of social science is advocated in the service of participatory research as a first step towards community involvement in primary health care. Deprofessionalization is suggested as an adjunct to, not a replacement for in-depth professional social science research. An exploratory community diagnosis of health project conducted in rural south India is described. During the project, lay researchers received rudimentary social science field training and collected data on health behaviour deemed important to health planners as well as the health concerns of the community. Illustrative data, generated by the project is presented on the rural poors' utilization of government health facilities, their attitudes towards Primary Health Centre staff, and their ideas about how a proposed community health worker scheme could best serve them.

Every city, town, village and neighbourhood are home to shared community spaces, buildings and amenities that play a fundamentally important role in the lives of local people. Spaces such as parks, recreational areas and community buildings have significant social purpose and encourage integration. This research investigates community engagement in the consultation process. The study proposes that for the development of shared community spaces public consultation requires a shift to more collaborative approaches with the local people. A new method to build effective dialogue to encourage a shared understanding of places, their challenges and their potential is developed. A methodology is established that provides participatory design interaction between, and within, the local people and urban design professionals using play as a design tool.

The Localism Act (2011) aimed to facilitate the devolution of decision making from central government to local councils and local communities. One of the measures within the Act was to consult local communities before submitting planning proposals (2011:13). The levels and methods of public consultation vary with the requirements of the project and despite the importance of engaging local communities, the success with which the local community is engaged varies greatly. This variation in the success of the public consultation process motivates this study to investigate the opportunity to develop a co-design framework that uses symbolic object play for co-creating shared community spaces, for use by architects, designers, consultation companies and local councils.

Using three case studies this research explores how the nature of shared space allows a collaborative playful approach to successfully engage local communities in the design of their future environments. The case studies chosen are recreational, community spaces situated in the UK. Insights from these case studies, supported by the examination of existing research, investigate practical ways that the findings could be disseminated into a design framework for others to draw from. The conclusions of this research support a ‘Play as a Design Tool’ user guide and an animated illustration of the process. Presented as part of the PhD exhibition, the research practice delivers resources for the target users to efficiently support them to utilise the methodology, thereby inviting wider implementation of this new model for codeveloping shared community spaces.

Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development in Lundu, Sarawak is a study on the development of tourism has been and will be done in Lundu. This study focuses on the development aspects of the impact of tourism on society in Lundu, involvement of village communities to the development of tourism in Lundu, Sarawak and potential Lundu, Sarawak as the development of sustainable tourism. This study uses two methods of data collection which are quantitative and qualitative. Through quantitative methods, questionnaires were distributed to 350 respondents in the study area, namely in Lundu, Sarawak. Through qualitative approaches, researchers have interviewed the elected head village and Office staffs inLundu District who have extensive knowledge of development in Sarawak Lundu. Data were analyzed for the study. All the data obtained are described in tables and diagrams. Next, the proposal forwarded to the relevant authorities and researchers hope that this study will be conducted in the future with a more complete and provides benefit to the community and anyone in need Keywords: tourism development, sustainable tourism, the impact of construction, community Lundu, community involvement, the potential of tourism, sustainable tourism locations

The tourism planning process involves many stakeholders, reshapes the local economy, and redirects development. It involves both public and private sector parties as well as the local community, which is directly attached to the site. This paper will focus on the role of a community in the planning process and will highlight the adverse impacts due to the overselling of the destination. The community in such cases is affected directly, indirectly, or through induced changes both in terms of lifestyle as well as economic benefits. The hypothesis is that not all stakeholders get financial benefits from tourism projects and also that not all of them would be satisfied with the momentary gains and eventually the prolonged phase of the project would make them hostile. The paper will also discuss the role of community in the decision-making process for ecologically sensitive sites such as Goa, Kerala, and Sikkim. It will also highlight government initiatives and community-based programs in tourism development and management in India and approaches adopted in other countries.

Abstract We conducted a survey-based study on the meaning of work of some 1500 mid-level professional employees in private and public organizations in eight countries. Using the country clustering described in the GLOBE series of studies and the theoretical ...

This paper discusses the creation of essential conditions in schools and school jurisdictions in order to support the inclusion of the diverse range of learning preferences and needs found in today's classrooms. In order for inclusion to be successful educators need to work towards an educational climate and set of practices which include the adoption of positive attitudes; supportive policy

The paper addresses the problem of disparate theoretical frameworks, contexts and assumptions of the communities involved in the design of digital media for mathematical education. It draws on experience with international multi-organizational projects where design, development and use of digital media for mathematics education was promised as a collective collaborative activity. It discusses the notion of 'half-baked' mathematical microworlds as

Community Based Tourism (CBT) is a recent buzzword among the tourism policy makers of developing countries, the donor agencies, NGOs, and the stakeholders. Conceptual evolution of tourism taught us to be more focused and careful on the concept of sustainable tourism. Consequently, more emphasis is being given on the concept of community-based tourism– an offshoot of sustainable tourism; without which sustainability is not ensured. The paper examines some of the success and failure issues of CBT and proposes three models of CBT on the basis of observations by different researchers. Attempts have also been done to explain which of the models might turn a CBT into a viable initiative. Finally, in light of the model, Bandarban– a mountainous region of Bangladesh has been examined as a jackpot of successful CBT. Bangladesh, being an over populated country, needs to protect the tourism assets from depletion because of overflow of tourists to a particular destination. No law can ensure sustainability of the tourism assets unless the local people are involved and trained up to make them aware that tourism assets are owned by them and these, if preserved properly, will generate income for them and for generations to come.

Purpose – This paper seeks to analyze strategies used to communicate CSR to public audiences via the internet in Maersk and WalMart in order to examine the influence of national culture from the headquarters of each of these global corporations. The purpose of the paper is to ...