Fisheries

Biofuel merupakan salah satu alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil yang bahan bakunya berasal dari berbagai sumberdaya hayati. Salah satu penyedia bahan baku untuk produksi biofuel adalah mikroalga. Mikroalga dipilih karena pertumbuhannya cepat, tidak berkompetisi dengan produk pangan untuk manusia, serta tidak memerlukan area yang luas. Riset pemanfaatan mikroalga untuk biofuel saat ini cenderung terfokus pada produksi biodiesel dari mikroalga, padahal mikroalga juga mampu menghasilkan biofuel lain seperti bioetanol. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kandungan karbohidrat pada mikroalga yang dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa dan difermentasi menjadi alkohol. Kandungan karbohidrat pada mikroalga berkisar antara 5,0–67,9% dan diperkirakan dapat menghasilkan bioetanol sekitar 38%. Untuk pemanfaatan yang optimal diperlukan keselarasan antara produksi bioetanol dan biodiesel dari mikroalga. Produksi bioetanol dari mikroalga dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroalga yang sudah diekstrak lemaknya.

ABSTRACT: The use of microalgae as the raw material of bioethanol. By: Luthfi Assadad, Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo and Rodiah Nurbaya Sari

Biofuel is one of alternative fossil fuel, in which the raw materials come from biological resources. One of the raw materials for biofuel production is microalgae. Microalgae grows rapidly, does not compete with food for humans, and needs small areas to cultivate. Utilization of microalgae for biofuel research nowadays is focusing on biodiesel production, but actually microalgae can be used to produce other biofuels such as bioethanol. The carbohydrate content of the microalgae can be converted into glucose and fermented into alcohol. Carbohydrate content of the microalgae is about 5.0–67.9%, which could produce bioethanol up to 38%. A harmony between bioethanol and biodiesel production from microalgae is needed for the optimum utilization of microalgae. Bioethanol production from microalgae can be done using de-oiled microalgae.

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids on the gonad maturation, egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Fish were treated by various combinations of dietary dosage of vitamin E (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg feed) and fish oil (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg feed). Three hundreds and twenty pairs of broodstock fish (female at stage of maturity II) were selected and used for this experiment. Fish were fed on the experimental diets three times a day at satiation. The tested of parameters such as gonad somatic index, egg diameter, fecundity, number of spawned fish, hatching rate, and survival rate. Results of the experiment indicated that supplementation of vitamin E and fish oil stimulated gonad development and increased fecundity, hatching rate and survival rate of Nile tilapia larva. Combination of vitamin E 150 mg/kg feed and fish oil 30 g/kg feed significantly improved egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Thus, combination of vitamin E in 150 mg/kg diet with fish oil in dose 30 g/kg diet give the best reproduction performance.

ABSTRAK Garam merupakan salah satu jenis bahan pokok kebutuhan masyarakat yang sangat penting. Kebutuhan garam nasional dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat, namun jumlah produksinya justru mengalami penurunan. Garam di Indonesia dan negara-negara tropis umumnya diproduksi dengan menggunakan sistem kristalisasi total yang menghasilkan garam dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang rendah. Kendala lain yaitu jumlah produksi garam nasional yang masih sedikit serta adanya alih fungsi lahan garam. Peningkatan kualitas garam perlu dilakukan, misalnya dengan perbaikan teknologi, pembinaan sistem manajemen mutu, pelatihan teknik produksi, dan bantuan peralatan mesin iodisasi garam. Sedangkan kuantitas produksi garam dapat ditingkatkan dengan program intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi. Garam merupakan produk sebuah industri dan sekaligus sebagai bahan bantu di berbagai industri lain. Industri pengolahan hasil perikanan, baik tradisional maupun modern memanfaatkan garam sebagai bahan bantu pengolahan produk perikanan. Garam berfungsi sebagai pengawet, penambah cita rasa, maupun untuk memperbaiki penampilan dan tekstur daging ikan. Industri pengolahan tradisional yang memanfaatkan garam misalnya industri pengolahan ikan asin, ikan pindang, dan produk ikan fermentasi. Sedangkan industri pengolahan modern biasanya memanfaatkan garam untuk pembuatan produk surimi dan diversifikasi produk olahannya.

ABSTRACT: The use of salt in fisheries product processing industry.
By: Luthfi Assadad and Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo

Salt is one of the most important food materials for human life. Although the total consumption of salt increases every year, the total production decreases. Salt, in Indonesia and other tropical countries, is manufactured by using total crystallization system with poor quality and low quantity. The shortcomings in salt production are its low productivity and the function alteration of salt farms. Improving the quality of salt needs to be done, for example by improving technology, quality management system, trainings, and equipments. Whereas its quantity could be improved by intensification and extensification. Salt is an industrial product and an important material for other industries. Fish processing industry, both traditional and modern, uses salt as product processing aid. Salt preserves flavour and enhances the appearance and texture of fish meat. Salt is used in traditional processing industries, to produce dried fish, boiled fish, and fermented fish products. Whereas in modern processing industry, salt is used for the manufacture of surimi products and its derivatives.

Ikan Nila merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan di seluruh pelosok tanah air dan menjadi ikan konsumsi yang cukup populer. Ikan nila kini banyak dibudi-dayakan di berbagai daerah karena kemampuan adaptasinya bagus di dalam berbagai jenis air. Nila dapat hidup di air tawar, air payau dan air laut.

Given that society often does not articulate a clear policy goal for applied ecologists, what should a conscientious restoration ecologist do?  First, know clearly the boundary between scientific or technical issues and value judgments.  Second, to the extent possible, try to exhort decision makers to focus on the often fractious value choices rather than technical and scientific debate which often ends up serving as a surrogate polemic for an inability to adjudicate value debates.  Third, be brutally honest with decision makers about the technical feasibility of each possible policy option and the uncertainties associated with the resulting ecological consequences.  Often, the most useful input that restoration ecologists can provide is to identify the probability of success for various possible restoration targets and the associated ecological risks.  Restoration ecology is a promising, but still emerging science.  Practitioners should strive to avoid falling into the trap of mixing personal policy preferences and judgments with scientific information and expression.  Restoration ecology has too much to offer society to risk losing its credibility by having its potential scientific contributions dismissed because it is infected with policy advocacy masquerading as policy neutral science.

26030111130041 FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN ILMU KELAUTAN UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2014 2 RINGKASAN Patricia Novia Ullyna. NIM 26030111130041. Pengolahan Surimi Beku dari Ikan Kurisi (Nemipterus sp.) di PT Bintang Karya Laut, Rembang, Jawa Tengah. (Pembimbing : Tri Winarni Agustini).

The environmental influences that prevent individual organisms, their populations or multi-species communities from attaining as high rate of productivity as they could potentially achieve under optimal condition is called the limiting factors. Three of the most universally significant limiting factors are the temperature, pH and salinity. In an ecosystem, all has a range of minimum and maximum limits called the tolerance limits. This is the range beyond which particular organisms cannot maintain its survival or reproduction. Thus, this activity was performed in order to investigate the effects of the limiting factors to the metabolic rates of the catfish; growth, development and survival rate of the guppies, freshwater snails and corn.

Mikroba merupakan organisme berukuran kecil yang sulit untuk dilihat tanpa menggunakan peralatan bantu. Banyak diantara mikroba yang memiliki kemiripan bentuk dan sifat sehingga tidak mudah untuk mempelajarinya. Diperlukan ketelitian dan kesabaran untuk mempelajari mikroba. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempelajari mikroba adalah denganmengidentifikasinya. Ada empat tahapan yang harus dilaksanakan apabila hendak melakukanidentifikasi mikroba, yaitu inokulasi, inkubasi, isolasi dan identifikasi. Keempat tahapan ini dilaksanakan secara sistimatis dan benar sehingga mikroba dapat teridentifikasi.

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Aquaculture industry in the last three decades has grown at an unprecedented rate stimulated by the increased demand for fish and fishery products as global population awareness of fish as a health food increased and the production from capture fisheries becomes almost static. This review paper therefore focus on the deleterious effect of many aquacultural practice in the light of this noticeable expansion in the industries; identified among these effects includes influence on physicochemical parameter of water, substrates of Aquacultural facilities, Planktons and Aquatic biology as well as some Antapological impacts of Aquaculture on the environment, it therefore advised that precaution be taken to reduce the negative impact of Aquaculture also some recommendations are proposed.

KAJIAN ASPEK PERTUMBUHAN, REPRODUKSI, DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN IKAN KEMBUNG LELAKI (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier 1817) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA ERMAS ISNAENI LUKMAN Kelompok 2 BAGIAN MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN ILMU KELAUTAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR 2016 PERNYATAAN MENGENAI LAPORAN DAN SUMBER INFORMASI SERTA PELIMPAHAN HAK CIPTA* Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa laporan berjudul "KAJIAN ASPEK PERTUMBUHAN, REPRODUKSI, DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN IKAN KEMBUNG LELAKI (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier 1817) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA" adalah benar karya saya dengan arahan dari asisten pembimbing dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apa pun kepada perguruan tinggi mana pun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir laporan ini. Dengan ini saya melimpahkan hak cipta dari karya tulis saya kepada Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, 13 Mei 2016 Ermas Isnaeni Lukman NIM C24140070 ABSTRAK ERMAS ISNAENI LUKMAN. Kajian aspek pertumbuhan, reproduksi, dan kebiasaan makan ikan kembung lelaki (Rastrelliger kanagurta) di perairan Selat Sunda. Dibimbing oleh NANA FIRMANSYAH.

Ikan kurisi merupakan hasil tangkapa samping yang daya konsumsinya kurang diminati oleh masyarakat di suatu wilayah tertentu. makalah ini dibuat untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan potensi ikan Kurisi  (Nemipterum sp.) agar meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap potensi ikan kurisi. Makalah ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus di lapangan dan studi literatur. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang di dapat dari berbagai literatur. Ikan kurisi merupakan jenis ikan demersal yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan rendah lemak, memiliki laju kemunduran mutu yang tinggi. Ikan kurisi berpotensi untuk menjadi bahan baku surimi dan protein hidrolisat.

Key word : antioksidan, bahan baku, demersal, protein hidrolisat, surimi.

This paper reviews the importance of fisheries and aquaculture, with particular reference to poor people in the developing world, and the likely impact of climate change on these activities and on food security. It highlights some practical measures that can be taken to adapt to the expected effects of climate change. These focus in particular on building the capacity of communities to adapt to climate change in ways that allow them to moderate potential damage, to take advantage of new opportunities and to cope with the consequences of climate change, and on enhancing the resilience of communities and the ecosystems on which they depend. The authors recommend basing interventions as much as possible on local practices and traditions.

SUHARTONO NURDIN. The Determining of Potential Fishing Zone and Migration Pattern of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger spp) in the Coastal Water of Liukang Tupabbiring District of Pangkep Regency (Supervised by Achmar Mallawa and Mukti Zainuddin).

The objectives of the study are to (1) identify the relationship between Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger spp) and the oceanographic conditions including chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature, the depth, salinity, and current velocity; (2) predict potential fishing zone and migration pattern of the fish in the coastal waters of Liukang Tupabbiring District of Pangkep Regency.
The study was a survey involving a sample of 92 spots. The data were analyzed using Cobb Douglass (non-linear) Regression model with backward method. The Outcome was then mapped out by means of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to describe the potential fishing zone and migration pattern of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger spp).
The study indicates that (1) the oceanographic factors (chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature, and the depth) influence the catch; (2) the most potential fishing zone of Indian Mackerel is in April 2009, at the longitudes of 119o22’01,2” - 119o24’28,8” E and the latitudes of 4o43’24,3” - 4o45’50,8” S with an area size of 16,66 km2 (0,0468%) and the distance to the fishing ground is 12,33 nautical miles, and (3) the movement of the fish tends to ignore high abundance of chlorophyll-a due to the influence of temperature factor is more dominant. Their movement centre in the area with warm temperature because such an area is the front area.

Society of Krishi Vigyan is regularly publishing its Journal of Krishi Vigyan having a NAAS rating of 4.41 w.e.f. 1/1/2017  and there is a gradual increase in the number of papers published in each issue . May I request our colleagues to publish their good work in this upcoming journal for the  welfare of farmers as well as scientific community.

Digitally processed Thematic Mapper data were integrated with other layers of geographic information to derive a forest fire hazard map. The test area was located in the mediterranean coast of Spain, which is one of the countries most affected by forest fires in Europe. The area suffered a severe forest fire in 1985. Therefore, comparison between the predicted hazard and the actual burned area was possible. More than 22% of pixels with high hazard values in the whole study area were burned by the fire, while only 3.74% of those with low hazard values were actually burned.

SILVA, A. J. M. (2015), The fable of the cod and the promised sea. About Portuguese traditions of bacalhau, in BARATA, F. T- and ROCHA, J. M. (eds.), Heritages and Memories from the Sea, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of the UNESCO Chair in Intangible Heritage and Traditional Know-How: Linking Heritage, 14-16 January 2015. University of Evora, Évora, pp. 130-143.

ABSTRACT
Salt cod (bacalhau in Portuguese) occupied  for centuries an important place in the diet of  the Portuguese, it is also true that we cannot understand this constant presence regardless of changes in fisheries, trade networks between  the North Atlantic and Southern Europe, drying techniques and the social context of consumption during the same period. This presentation  revisits different kinds of old and new sources that refute the idea of a simple continuity in the consumption,  fishing and drying  techniques of bacalhau. Mapping discontinuities in these
different historical contexts brings us to consider the collective memory built around the bacalhau as a social  force, more active  than ever. At the same time, this memory is itself the
product of a continuous process of reinvention, selective and labile, that constantly renegotiates the place that the “faithful friend” has in the imagination of communities that claim, in one way or another, their commitment to the idea of “portugality”.

Azolla is aquatic plant rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc so used as unconventional feed for ruminants, poultry, swine, fish, laboratory animals and even humans. It is rich in essential aminoacids like lysine which is mostly deficit in plant protein sources along with methionine , arginine and carotene . Moreover,it is easy to cultivate and proliferates rapidly, so when fed to animals reduces cost on feed. In young animals azolla inclusion in diet promotes feed intake, body weight gain and improves the overall heath as azolla contains growth promoters. In lactating animals, increase in milk yield and milk fat content has been reported if included in ration of lactating animals. In case of poultry feed intake, body weight are increased in broilers and feed conversion efficiency is increased .In layers more enriched eggs are produced as azolla contains essential aminoacids. Research indicates that azolla can be recommended in poultry ration @5% to improve overall performance of birds. Incorporation of azolla in broiler diet affects haemato-biochemical parameters, dressing %, carcass yield, giblet

Laporan yang berisi Pertumbuhan Ikan, Perbedaan Ikan Jantan dan Betina, Studi Isi Alat Pencernaan dan Derajat Kepenuhan Lambung, Pengamatan Gonad, Fekunditas, Telur Ikan di Laboratorium Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a significant problem that affects the marine ecosystem and those who depend on it for survival. Research and theory in criminology can shed light on the problem and suggest policy instruments to reduce IUU fishing. Informed by rational choice theory and situational crime prevention framework, this study examines the relationship between local situational factors and illegal fishing in 53 countries. Results suggest that a country's risk of illegal fishing is positively related to the number of commercially significant species found within its territorial waters and its proximity to known ports of convenience. Countries that exercise effective fisheries management and have strong patrol surveillance capacity experience less illegal fishing activity within their territorial waters. The presence of legally fishing vessels does not deter illegal fishing activity. These findings demonstrate the utility of thinking about illegal fishing through the lens of criminology, which is equipped with practical tools to address the problem. Findings suggest a dialogue between criminologists and conservationists to work together to address similar problems affecting the environment.

Physico-chemical tests on Meat and
Meat Products
Preparation of Sample
Determination  of Nitrite A - Alternate
method for Determination  of Nitrite
Determination  of Ascorbic acid
A - Alternate method for Determination of Ascorbic acid
Determination  of Total Phosphorous
Test for presence of Polyphosphates
Determination  of Glucono - delta -
lactone
Additional tests
Total Fat
Total Protein
Tests for determination of physico-
chemical quality of meat and meat products:
Determination  of pH
Determination  of Extract Release Volume
(ERV)
Determination  of Meat Swelling  Capacity
(MSC)
Determination  of Total Volatile  Basic
Nitrogen (TVBN)
Determination  of Picric Acid Turbidity
(PAT)
Determination  of dye reduction capacity
Frozen Fish
Preparation of Sample
Determination  of Total Volatile  Bases
Determination  of Histamine
A - Alternate method for Determination
of Histamine
Dried Fish
Sampling
Determination  of Moisture
Determination  of Sodium Chloride
Determination  of Ash insoluble in dil
Hydrochloric acid
Canned Fish
Preparation of sample
Determination  of Acidity of Brine
Modified Starches in packing medium
Determination  of Ascorbic acid
Determination  of Polyphosphates
Determination  of Sulphur Dioxide
Introduction
Meat speciation using DNA-based
molecular techniques
Isolation of DNA from tissue/ meat
samples
Comprehensive DNA-based methods for
meat speciation
Method 1: Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)
Species-Specific PCR
Multiplex  PCR
Method 2: Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism (RFLP)
Method 3: Forensically Informative
Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS)

Pakan merupakan sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan dan kehidupan makhluk hidup. Pakan Buatan adalah pakan yang dibuat dengan formulasi tertentu berdasarkan pertimbangan pembuatnya. Pembuatan pakan buatan sebaiknya didasarkan pada pertimbangan kebutuhan nutrisi ikan, sumber dan kualitas bahan baku, serta nilai ekonomis. Dengan berbagai pertimbangan tersebut, diharapkan dapat menghasilkan pakan ikan yang memiliki standar mutu tinggi dengan biaya yang murah.Pakan buatan ini biasanya dinamakan pellet. Pellet untuk ikan terbagi kedalam 2 jenis, yaitu pellet terapung dan pellet tenggelam.

Aquaponics refers to a system that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals like fish) with hydroponics (cultivating vegetable plants in water) in a symbiotic environment. This system has great potential as a new industrialised food production approach to meet the needs of rapid urbanisation. An evolutional food production system with high productivity and low resource consumption is desirable. Aquaponics is designed based on excellent ecology recycling system, i.e. the food residues and metabolic products in the effluent of aquaculture are pollutants to the environment; they are also the source of nutrients that can be converted and mineralised via microbial treatment and eventually up taken by plants in the hydroponics section. The effluent of hydroponics section is then recycled as clean water for the aquaculture section. Home-based aquaponics (HA), factory-based aquaponics (FA) and building-based aquaponics (BA) are the typical forms of aquaponics for different urban development. The sustainability of aquaponics practices is evaluated using the "triple-bottomline" approach, which requires assessment of impacts on environmental, economic and societal systems. There is a lack of systematic research and modelling work reported on aquaponics, especially in terms of ecological manipulation. Understanding the conversion of the pollutants in the combined system is essential to achieve the optimal manipulation of ecology for optimal system operation. Future work will focus on the production of pollutants in aquaculture, the conversion and degradation of the pollutants in the microbial treatment section, and uptake of organic nutrients and inorganic salts in the hydroponics section. Development of a model, capable of describing the release of pollutants, conversion and uptake of nutrients and the production of metabolic products, is desirable. The model could be developed based on the mass balance of nutrition, productivity of fish and plants and the environmental factors. The aquaponics system could be simulated and analysed using this model so as to provide an optimal system for the design and implementation of different type of aquaponics.

This study was aimed to estimate current status of physico-chemical characteristic of Lower Manair Reservoir at Karimnagar District, Andhra Pradesh. Monthly changes in physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, turbidity, transparency, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chlorides, phosphate, nitrates, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand were analyzed for a period of one year from September 2009 to August 2010. The results indicated that physico-chemical parameters of the water were within the permissible limits and can be used for domestic, irrigation and pisciculture.