Gypsy Studies

This dissertation examines the extent in which state policies have affected the Roma in Turkey by looking into the reasons for their poverty and social exclusion as well as into the survival mechanisms and livelihoods strategies they have employed as a response. The study addresses the situation of the Roma from the perspective of the approach the Turkish state has had on ethnicities, the accession conditionalities imposed by the European Union and the neo-liberal policies implemented by the government after 2002. Broadly, the study illustrates the impact of long-lasting structural invisibilization towards the Roma as well as the manner in which the Roma have positioned themselves and negotiated with power in order to survive. Having in mind that the first official measure of the 2010 Roma Opening initiative of the AKP Government was the provision of housing, the dissertation focuses particularly on the housing policies that have had an impact on the livelihoods strategies of the Roma in Turkey: the “housing for the Roma” [Tr. Roman konutları] initiative and the urban regeneration [Tr. kentsel dönüşüm] projects run by the state authorities all over Turkey. The research shows that, while the Roma have been long affected by the invisibilisation and exclusion of the state policies, the provision of housing alone, without accompanying measures and without taking into account the needs and specificity of the communities targeted, does not have the potential to get the Roma out of poverty nor to tackle their exclusion. Moreover, the demolition of the gecekondu settlements and its consequential displacement sets poor Roma on a more vulnerable path from which they have difficulty to recover and to find sustainable livelihoods strategies.

Представени са отделни примери, които са показателни за прилагания двоен стандарт в изградения модел на сексуално поведение в циганската/ ромската общност – от една страна е толерантността към извън семейните сексуални връзки на мъжа, а от друга - ограничаване тези на жената в рамките на семейството и строгото й наказание при нарушаването им.

b e g i n n i n g i n sixteenth-century England, a distinct criminal culture of rogues, vagabonds, gypsies, beggars, cony-catchers, cutpurses, and prostitutes emerged and Xourished. This community was self-deWned by the criminal conduct and dissident thought promoted by its members, and oYcially deWned by and against the dominant preconceptions of English cultural normality. In this book I argue that this amalgamated criminal culture, consisting of a diverse population with much racial, ethnic, and etiological ambiguity, was united by its own aesthetic, ideology, language, and lifestyle. In eVect, this criminal culture constituted a subnation that illegitimately occupied material and conceptual space within the English nation. With its own laws and customs, it was both independent of and dependent on England's oYcial (mainstream) culture. It was selfgoverning but needed the law-abiding populace for food and shelter and as a social entity against which to deWne itself. I also argue that the enduring presence of this criminal culture markedly aVected the oYcial culture's aesthetic sensibilities, systems of belief, and socioeconomic organization. It was both conducted by and a conductor for what I call "transversal power." 1 Before describing my "transversal theory" that explains "transversal power" and accounts for the terms, methods, and arguments that drive this study, I want to consider, as a point of entrance, the remarkable resemblance between discussions of the sociohistorical actuality, representation, and inXuence of early modern England's organized crime and that c h a p t e r o n e

In 1720, thirteen deported French Bohemian (Romani) families disembarked in the floundering Louisiana colony. Anti-Bohemian sentiment combined with a growing French Empire in need of able-bodied and reproductive laborers to dislocate these families from their already precarious lives. Over the next century, as Louisiana increasingly developed along new and more intransigent racialized lines, Bohemians navigated and helped construct this emergent racial order in diverse ways. Despite the formation of an initial Bohemian community in eighteenth-century Louisiana, their descendants were eventually distributed into new colonial racial categories. The racial potential of Louisiana Bohemians declined as their actions, especially their sexual choices, determined where they, and their descendants, might racially situate. Both self- and other-ascribed Bohemian identity eventually, if unevenly, lost relevance in French, Spanish and U.S.-controlled Louisiana as other more powerful racialized categories and identities prevailed. This article attends to the history of the colonial Louisiana Bohemian community in order to broaden the historical knowledge of the Romani diaspora, complement the existing scholarship on the Louisiana colony and state, and continue to fine-tune our understandings of racial formation in early America.

In my study, "Á." I would like to present a life course interview with a language teacher from lovari in the spring of 2017. We have been cultivating a closer friendship with "Á." since 2015. During the interview with "Á.", we gain an insight into his family background, school career and labor market career.  "Á." was born in 1964, telling his life story to this day. I follow the career of "Á" from 1945 to 2002, touching on three central themes. First I will talk about his family background and living conditions, then I will present his primary and secondary school career, and finally I will review his path to university. In connection with the internal structure of the individual parts, I place the relevant life event in context with the literature and research results, which are typically age-appropriate and closely related to the sub-topic, which is followed by the literal quotations taken from the interview.

A dolgozat azt kívánja a tudomány górcsöve alá venni, hogy a nem-roma tudományos és nyilvános média-, valamint aktivista diskurzusok milyen hatásmechanizmusokat generáltak eddig a roma emberek önnarratíváira, identitására és reprezentációjukra. Munkám egy tudományos kritikai társadalomreflexió (DiAngelo 2018, Fraser–Honneth 2003, Hooks 1989, Said 1978, Spivak 1988, Young 1988). A disszertáció fókuszában azok a kérdések, meglátások és észrevételek állnak, amelyek az elmúlt évszázadokban a nem-roma embertől irányultak a „cigányokra,”3 az általuk vélelmezett tudományos objektivitáson keresztül (bármi is legyen az), vagyis a dolgozat a roma emberek visszakérdezéseiről szól egy roma ember narratíváján keresztül.

Meglátásom  szerint  csekély  azoknak  a  tudományos  írásoknak  a  száma,  amelyek  a  romák önértelmezését kontextualizálják roma emberek narratíváin keresztül. A területi, társadalmi, történelmi, politikai  és  gazdásági  változások  eredménye,  hogy  a  roma  értelmiségi  emberek  is  szeretnék  saját identitásaikat definiálni a tudományban, az úgynevezett tudományos aktivizmusban, valamint a különféle társadalmi mozgalmakban (Mirga–Kruszelnicka 2018, Rostas–Rövid 2018). Dolgozatomban generációs változásokról, mobilitásokról és a roma diplomások identitásáról beszélek a mai magyar társadalmi közegben, amelyet a reziliencia fogalmán keresztül értelmezek.

Roma, Travelers, and Gypsies have been persecuted for millennia for their nomadic tribal traditional lifestyle.  Many like this author’s maternal grandmother were forced to settle.  Many were killed throughout several waves of attempted genocides.  Despite the persecution, a mystery and lore developed around the Gypsies.  The women were fetishized.  Most genre paintings depicting gypsies are of a few similar stereotypical themes:  fortune telling, dancing seductively, evil in religious motifs, or poor beggars and thieves.  Do female Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painters of the turn of the 20th century take a considerably different approach or are their portrayals just veiled in more subtle innuendos? Does class, gender, culture, or something altogether different have the most impact on the social experience inspiring artistic expression?

El confinamiento no es sino un "llover sobre mojado": la brecha digital que está sufriendo el alumnado en situación más vulnerable ante la actividad educativa no presencial es consecuencia de las desigualdades socio-económicas y educativas… Pero esto podemos interpretarlo en dos direcciones antagónicas: Existe el riesgo de un enfoque prejuicioso, rutinario, lineal, "folk" y determinista del profesorado hacia el alumnado gitano Fernando Macías y José E. Abajo, directores del Curso Tutorizado en Línea de Formación del Profesorado "Atención a la población escolar gitana", que realizará el Ministerio de Educación y F. P., a través de su Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y Formación del Profesorado (INTEF), el próximo curso 2020/2021

Prasa mniejszości etnicznych notuje stały rozwój od 1989 r. Wszystkie obecne w Polsce mniejszości etniczne wydają mniej lub bardziej regularnie własne periodyki. Ich głównym zadaniem jest integracja środowiska, a także popularyzacja poszczególnych kultur i tradycji.

Tradicionalmente, las investigaciones no han tenido en cuenta la voz del pueblo gitano. Al no incluir a las personas gitanas en los procesos de investigación se han llegado a conclusiones que han provocado la reproducción de la situación de exclusión social en la cual se encuentran desde hace siglos. La triple exclusión a la que se ve sometida la mujer gitana sólo puede verse superada desde una investigación orientada a la transformación social. La metodología comunicativa de investigación posee esa orientación y incluye las mujeres gitanas en todas las fases de investigación. Esa participación se establece en un plano de igualdad, a través de un diálogo igualitario e intersubjetivo, donde los conocimientos científicos acumulados aportados por el personal investigador y las aportaciones realizadas desde el mundo de la vida por parte de las personas investigadas, llevan a transformar situaciones de desigualdad social que sufren las mujeres gitanas.

The publication of this e-collection was funded by the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. All authors have given written agreement for their text to be included in the electronic version of this collection. We encouraged the authors to consult with native speakers of English. They are also responsible for the authenticity of their texts. Because of the great diversity of sources used and literature written in various languages, when authors, titles, publications and certain names written in the Cyrillic alphabet equally appear in the texts and references, we asked the authors to use a specialized site for transliteration from Cyrillic to Latin.

The string instrument, the Kandyan vina (Uḍaraṭa Vīṇā), once portrayed in the book by John Davy as “Venah”, shares close resemblance with the Coconut shell fiddle instruments in India, in terms of their inherent form, structure, cultural peculiarities and playing posture. Such similarities serve to confirm that the prototypic musical instrument – the Kandyan vina, originated from the Coconut shell fiddle instruments of India. According to sources, the prototype instrument of the Kandyan vina arrived with the gypsy groups who migrated to Sri Lanka from Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu during the Kandy period of 1600-1750 AD. Since then, until 1980-1990 AD, the prototype instrument was developed by the influence of the Western musical instruments and musical intelligence, available material, creative methods inherent in the aristocratic, villagers, beggars, Veddas, and gypsy communities. Therefore, the rise of the Kandyan vina is proven to have originated within Sri Lanka as a unique native string instrument. Research objectives of this study are: firstly, to re-introduce a native string instrument according to its true historic trails; secondly, a modern Kandyan vina is constructed using the modified knowledge discovered through exploring the ancient Kandyan vina instruments; and thirdly, to assimilate knowledge of a musical instrument based on its historical literature and archaeological data from an Archaeomusicological perspective. With this in mind, Frescoes/murals, artefacts, legal documents and primary books were used as the primary sources, while journal articles and secondary books were used as secondary sources.

In Eastern Europe and in the Balkans there is an ongoing ethnic turnover due to very low birth rates of the natives and the very high birth rates of Roma people and by 2050 Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia could be Roma-majority nations.

Vizsgálatomat a magyarországi Békés megye romák által sűrűbben lakott településeinek alap-és középfokú oktatási intézményeiben végeztem. Célom egy olyan előtanulmány készítése volt, amely alapját képezheti a finnországi LAUREA szakegyetem és a magyarországi Tessedik Sámuel Főiskola Egészségügyi Fakultásán szerveződő közös romakutatásnak a képző intézmények szociális munkás és ápoló szakos hallgatóinak közreműködésével. Előtanulmányom adataiból úgy vélem, hogy kirajzolódnak a roma gyermekek és fiatalok jövővel kapcsolatos elképzelései.

Eredeti megjelenés: -Cserti Csapó Tibor (2002): A cigány népesség története és szociokulturális helyzete Magyarországon a kutatások tükrében. In: László János -Forray R. Katalin (szerk.) : A roma közösség kulturája és iskolai pszichológiája. PTE BTK Pszichológiai Intézet, Romológia Tanszék, Pécs, pp.7-41.

Оживление цыгановедческих исследований, происходящее в последнее десятилетие в России, привело к открытию большого объема новых материалов, в том числе источниковых 2. В настоящей статье анализируется запись русскоцыганского диалекта, сделанная в 1827 г., т. е. почти на десять лет раньше заметок Дж. Борроу 3. Очерк «Цыганы» Ж. Лекуэнта де Лаво, написанный в 1827 г. и изданный в 1829 г. в составе «Путеводителя по Нижнему Новгороду и ежегодно бывающей в нем ярмарки» [Лекоент де Лаво 1829: 95-106] 4 , не подвергался анализу спе

This paper examines descriptions of Romani costume in travel narratives written by predominantly British writers visiting Hungary, believed to be the site of especially "pure" Romani culture, during the long nineteenth century. Gypsiologists, engaging in little participant observation, drew on travel writers' descriptions for material from which to support Gypsylorist scholarship. Travel writers provided rich descriptions of Romani appearance, especially clothing. However, as travel writers rarely socialised with Roma, they relied on Gypsylorist texts for material to interpret their observations. Travellers enthnologized Romani costume, asserting tropes of poverty, Orientalism, indolence, child neglect, licentiousness, vanity, and essentialism, that owed more to Gypsylorist discourse than to a thorough understanding of Romani social and material circumstances. Consequently, travel writing and Gypsylorism reinforced each other, as travel writers drew on scholarship to interpret their observations, and scholars drew on travel writing to support their theories.

Author’s Original Manuscript (AOM)/Preprint. This article has been accepted for publication in Patterns of Prejudice, published by Taylor & Francis. The final version includes substantial revisions.

Conferencia basada en el paper presentado al Forum for Romani Histories, que se desarrollará en septiembre en Czech Academy of Sciences, Villa Lanna, Prague. Cuyo título original es "Outcast or classless? The art of resistance in the Gypsy lumpenproletariat".

Türkiye farklı din, dil ve etnik gruplardan çeşitli toplulukları bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu etnik gruplardan biri de Romanlardır. Kökenleri Kuzey Hindistan’a dayanan Romanlar günümüzde Romanya, Bulgaristan, İspanya, Macaristan ve Türkiye başta olmak üzere Doğu Avrupa ve dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde yaşamaktadırlar. Romanlar sahip oldukları kültürel değer ve yaşama biçimleriyle farklı ülkelerdeki baskın kültürden çoğu zaman farklılık gösterdikleri söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı yerel düzeyde kamu kurumlarında görev yapan üst düzey idareciler ve yöneticiler ile Roman kökenli Türk vatandaşlarının gözünden Romanlar ve yaşadıkları problemleri ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan temel nitel araştırma kapsamında yürütülen bu çalışmada üç kaymakam, üç ilçe belediye başkan yardımcısı ile İl Nüfus Müdürlüğü, İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü, İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü ile Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler İl Müdürlüğü’nden birer üst düzey yetkilinin yanı sıra, biri Roman dernek başkanı olmak üzere, beş Roman kökenli Türk vatandaşıyla görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler nitel veri analiz tekniklerinden betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Romanlar da dahil katılımcıların Romanları çoğunlukla olumsuz nitelendirmeler ile tanımladıkları ve Romanların en önemli problemlerinin toplumda karşılaştıkları önyargıların yanı sıra istihdam, eğitim ve barınma olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In social science discourse, the dichotomy between agency and structure tends to dominate debates pertaining to identity construction. When complex social facts are viewed through a simplistic prism of either individual activities or dominant structural impacts is likely to lead to a conclusion, - particularly when the subjects of research are members of communities at risk of vulnerability which are merely two-dimensional; omitting essential elements and interplays of circumstances, agency and structures which can rapidly shift dependent on both personal and external contexts and stressors. In this article, we discuss ways of utilising Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical model to explore the potential for creating a more nuanced theory of identity construction in the context of case studies focused on Gypsy/Roma(ni) people, whose identities depend both on internal identifications and those of the (dominant) groups with whom they live. We also aim to consider how in two widely contrasting international contexts – that of Roma people in Turkey and Gypsy/Traveller communities in the UK – use of Bourdieuian analysis provides appropriate tools that enable an analysis of daily living and the associated sense of active agency of these populations without minimising or excluding the structural effects which impact them. This approach enables a nuanced relational approach to understanding Gypsy/Roma(ni) groups’ identity construction in its entirety, whilst taking account of the specific geographical context  in which the populations reside.

Иако денешново модерно општество се базира и функционира на анализирање информации од секаков тип коишто се достапни на многубројни начини и во било кое време, сепак сеуште егзистира енормен процент на неедуцирани и неинформирани поединци кај светската популација генерално гледано, а особено помеѓу Ромскиот етникум ,од најниска па се до највисока возрасна категорија , индивидуи од било каков социјален стратум коишто немаат сенс за самосвест како резултат на несоодветна едукација од достапните историски извори или пак потполна необразованост во најлош општ случај. Ромската популација, како гетиоизиран етникум којшто се соочува со секојдневни социјални проблеми, егзистирајќи во екстремно лоша кондиција и несоодветни околности, денес и низ историјата, бил лимитиран да се издигне над стандардите и социјалниот левел на којшто е позициониран во дадена општествена заедница. Фактот декa многумина Роми не поседуваат ниту базична едукација изминатиов долговековен период го води целиот етникум во автодеструктивна дирекција на интелектуален план. Ромите, несвесно и без никаква посибилна специфична опозитна интенција , се форсирани да апсорбираат конформистички ,бесмислени и неосновани пропаганди коишто им се сервираат или презентираат од страна на најразлични екстерни структури од научен карактер, дури и од сериозни светски репрезенти , најчесто при Обединетите Нации , во Европскиот Совет , јавни настани и дебати од анти-дискриминаторски тип, најчесто исполнети со енормна доза на хипокритизам. Кога се поставува топикот околу имплементираните злосторства врз Ромскиот етникум од страна на нацистичкиот режим за времетраењето на Втората Светска војна и претходно, историските експерти, честопати го ескивираат прашањево или пак не му посветуваат еквивалентен третман на ниво со Еврејските жртви на холокаустот. Како потенцијален историчар, индивидуа којашто има афинитети кон проучување и н анализирање на историските случувања во периодот од почетокот на 20-от век па се до 90те години, експресионирам волја да се ангажирам кон проучување и на Ромската проблематика, како што е и впрочем темава на семинарскиов труд. Со оглед на дефицитот на факти поврзани со потеклото и историскиот бекграунд на ромскиот народ, една од моите главни цели на професионален план, би била збогатувањето на истите по пат на научна дејност, со интенција да се разграничат одредени сегменти и да се дефузира конфузијата што се однесува до Ромската историја.

A tehetséggondozás témakörének szakirodalma széleskörű Magyarországon. Azonban a hátrányos helyzet és a tehetség szavak kis százalékban kerülnek elő egyidőben a szakirodalmi forrásokban. Ennek oka lehet a tehetséggondozás gyakran elitizmussal vádolt szemlélete (Gyarmathy 2013), vagy a magyarországi iskolarendszert átható látens szelekciós mechanizmusok működése (Lannert 2003), melynek tipikus példája a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek képességbeli különbségekként való értelmezése. Jelen tanulmány szándéka, hogy egy, a felsőoktatásban működő roma szakkollégiumot, mint a tehetséggondozás egyik hatékony terepét mutassa be. Továbbá azt a megközelítést igyekszik erősíteni, mely szerint a tehetség felismerésében és annak alkotóvá válásában a környezet döntő szerepet játszik a belső tulajdonságok mellett. (Gagné 2008 id. Péter-Szarka 2011) A tanulmány arra is rá kíván mutatni, hogy a társadalmi hátránnyal küzdők esetén milyen további előnyökkel jár a tehetség felismerése, gondozása, és mindez miféle pszichológiai, szociálpszichológiai mechanizmusok mentén jut érvényre. Megközelítéseink alátámasztására a pécsi Wlislocki Henrik Roma Szakkollégiumban működő másfél évtizedes felsőoktatási gyakorlatot mutatjuk be szakmai-pedagógiai dokumentumok elemzésére és megelőző kutatási eredményekre támaszkodva.

En el texto se estudia la puesta en escena de Pepa Gamboa de Fuenteovejuna, que cuenta con actrices amateur de etnia gitana del poblado de El Vacie en Sevilla.  Gamboa captura y crea conciencia de los actores y público que entran el imaginario del poder y la visibilidad del discurso feminista contemporáneo. Aunque inmerso en doctrinas de teatro popular, de agitación y propaganda, de psicodrama. sin embargo, no es una obra política en el sentido tradicional sino en el de la ideología de género y subalternidad. No hace teatro del oprimido tradicional en el poblado, sino que saca los símbolos del poblado y, sobre todo, a las mujeres para extraerlas de su ambiente como manera de empoderarlas. Si La casa de Bernarda Alba se construye dramáticamente sobre la ausencia del hombre, aspecto que destaca Gamboa, en Fuenteovejuna lo masculino es menor, es el mundo del gineceo el que interesa: el hombre aparece como símbolo de violencia. Las oprimidas aprenden y con su aprendizaje son transformadas; se trata, en fin, de un teatro con grandes posibilidades sociales.

Fişe de informare pentru cadre didactice-profesori si elevi-studenti despre istoria romilor editate in cadrul Proiectului Romani al Universităţii din Graz (Austria), în strânsă colaborare cu proiectul „Educaţia copiilor romi în Europa” al Consiliului Europei.

Miskolc has 5000-25000 citizens of gipsy origin and in this city took place several interest representation cases, like the ghetto struggle at the end of the eighties, the educational segregation suits between 20005-2007, the protests and legal procedures in connection with the demolition of the so called numbered streets. The scandals of the „fészekrakó” program also affected the lives of many Roma. In this paper we present the stories of these fights and also describe the living conditions of the slum in the valley Lyukó, which is the biggest slum in Hungary. Presently more than 5000 people live in segregated areas in Miskolc, most of them are of gipsy origins. During the last 30 years the city took several steps to demolish slums, thus the number of them has decreased but not the number of those, who inhabits them, as these people typically just moved to another slum. The local government faces with political (and legal) attacks whenever it tries to take a measurement regarding the Roma, and also, when it does not do anything. Recently the Hungarian Charity Service of the Order of Malta takes over more and more tasks of helping and trying to integrate the people living in slums. Other civil society organisations have no enough resource for their work.

* DUMINICA,  I. Deportarea şi exterminarea ţiganilor din România în Transnistria (1942-1944). In:  65 de ani ai verdictului Tribunalului de la Nurnberg: Învățăminte pentru Europa contemporană. Conferința științifică  internațională, 19 decembrie 2011. – Chișinău: CEP USM, 2012. – p. 38-62.