History of Archives

Un empleado municipal y un inspector de la policía se empeñan en esclarecer un delito, presunto, distante: una estatua de hierro fundido, desaparecida de su pedestal en una plaza céntrica, décadas después, aparece a la venta en internet.
El municipal se juega el ascenso de su vida; el policía, su prestigio y el de su creación, la División Delitos Culturales. Fiestas delirantes en los setentas, la noche homoerótica de la ciudad, el esoterismo: esos parecen ser sus temas. En cambio, el empleado de la comuna prefiere hablar de otra cosa, del universo paralelo que se le aparece, una torre-ciudad fuera del tiempo, que vive y muere para la administración.
Entre ambos, alimentan una sospecha: si resuelven el robo de la escultura y descubren a sus autores, revelarán aspectos opacos de la vida política argentina, signada por el Cordobazo y su contragolpe: el Navarrazo.

This paper will survey the state of the art of community archives in the UK. As this is potentially a wide-ranging frame of reference special attention will be paid to community archives created by the Digital Humanities and Oral History communities. Two case studies will be examined, that of the ‘Dig Where We Stand’ community archives project (http://tinyurl.com/ktc3z5j) and the Hidden Histories project (http://hiddenhistories.omeka.net/). As well as exploring questions about the multifaceted interrelationships that exist between community and national archives, this paper will reflect on a host of challenges and benefits to be gained, for both academics and communities, at the interface of such research and community-based practices.

The archives on the victims of enforced disappearance in Argentina

Emilio Crenzel
CONCIET-University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

This article proposes a history of the archives on the disappeared in Argentina from the military dictatorship to the present day. First, I will present the constitution of archives on the disappeared during the last military dictatorship (1976-1983) by their denouncers. Secondly, I will examine the constitution of the archive of the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP), created in 1983 after the return to democracy by President Raúl Alfonsín to investigate the fate of the disappeared. Thirdly, I will analyze how between 1985 and 2003 the archives on disappearances diversified as a result of the initiative of human rights organizations that created new collections, uncovered others produced by the repressive forces and managed to make public the archives of powerful actors on the international scene.
Finally, the constitution of the National Archive of Memory in 2004 will be analyzed, which brings together, under the orbit of the State, the available archives on the disappeared. The article proposes a historicization of the archives on the disappeared in Argentina that shows that their collection and classification strategies have been shaped by the political struggles to give meaning to this criminal past.

A partire dall’età angioina fino all’ultimo conflitto mondiale il patrimonio documentale napoletano ha dovuto fare più volte i conti con il fuoco. Se nel Trecento furono le torce del popolo in rivolta ad appiccarlo alle scritture dell’Archivio della Regia Regia Camera della Sommaria, raccolte nella casa del Gran Camerario, nel 1943 sarebbe stata la polvere pirica di una squadra di guastatori tedeschi in ritirata a dare il là a uno spaventoso incendio che in poche ore mandò in cenere 866 casse di documenti provenienti dall’Archivio di Stato di Napoli.
Tra i due eventi vanno a incastonarsi numerosi altri episodi storici aventi come denominatore comune il fuoco relazionato ai documenti; su tutti, quella che è passata alla storia come congiura del principe di Macchia. La mattina del 23 settembre 1701 il popolo napoletano in armi, su incitazione dei congiurati, dopo avere assaltato Castel Capuano, sede dei tribunali, ed essere penetrato nel Grande Archivio della Sommaria, posto agli ultimi piani, avrebbe riversato dalle sue finestre migliaia di scritture, successivamente ammassate nella pubblica piazza e date alle fiamme. Dalle ceneri dei falò sarebbero sorte, grazie all’iniziativa di due solerti archivari e di un manipolo di valenti collaboratori, importanti iniziative finalizzate a recuperare la perduta “memoria fiscale del Regno”.

Lo studio ricostruisce la storia della biblioteca-archivio del convento dei cappuccini di Pescarenico (Lecco), noto attraverso "I Promessi Sposi" di Alessandro Manzoni. A partire dalla "Cronichetta" di frate Bernardo da Acquate e da fonti inedite conservate presso l'Archivio di Stato di Milano, si ripercorrono le vicende del patrimonio documentario e librario dei frati, con particolare riguardo alla sua dispersione a seguito delle soppressioni napoleoniche. Specifica attenzione è dedicata alla conservazione, alla circolazione e all’identificazione dei volumi superstiti, attualmente conservati in biblioteche svizzere. Esplorando questi aspetti, lo studio evidenzia gli interessi culturali e il ruolo dei cappuccini nella gestione di una biblioteca-archivio all'interno di un convento che, pur essendo geograficamente marginale, occupa un posto centrale nella storia della letteratura.

Eckert/Groppe/Höroldt (Hrsg.) • Die Helden der Niederlage 21,2 Der Sieg Napoleons über Preußen im Jahre 1806 öffnete unerwartete Gestaltungsräume -für solche preußischen Staatsmänner, die sich und ihresgleichen als ›Helden der Niederlage‹ verstanden und auf diese Weise die Hoffnung auf einen raschen Wiederaufstieg des preußischen Staates verkörperten. Er gelang bekanntlich, und so hallt bis heute der Ruhm Steins, Hardenbergs und anderer Protagonisten der vielbeschworenen ›Reformzeit‹ nach. Ihre Autorität resultierte insbesondere aus der weitverbreiteten Annahme, dass allein mutige, entschlossene und vor allem fachlich-wissenschaftlich qualifizierte Staatsmänner nun den preußischen Staat retten könnten. Solchen Zuschreibungen widmet sich dieser Sammelband, dessen Fallstudien einschlägige Selbstinszenierungen preußischer Reformer inmitten zeitgenössischer Erwartungshaltungen analysieren. Gerade solche Projektionen verliehen zahlreichen heute weniger bekannten Beamten in den Reformjahren bis 1820 eine besondere Autorität und eröffneten ihnen enorme Karrierechancen.

Sefer Keter Torah by Rabbi Meir Lambert (Metz 1818) is the first book published in French aimed at teaching the Jewish religion to Jew children. Even though it is published in the form of questions and answers according to the model of the Christian catechism, it offers a traditional Jewish-religious vision, emphasizing the deep connection between faith and Halacha, and between mitzvot and values. However, Rabbi Lambert must face a new reality, thus far not encountered in traditional Jewish education: the Jews of France have become equal citizens within the non-Jewish population. Sefer Keter Torah responds to the challenge of modernity, while remaining true to the antique sources of Judaism.
This article presents Sefer Keter Torah, using a faithful reading in the different levels of the text, and which illustrates how the field of education links knowledge, society, and ideology.

In Notiziario dell'Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta n. 10, 2018. l congresso di verona del 1822 è stato analizzato in recenti ricostruzioni sul piano della storia locale, ma manca ancora una sua piena rivalutazione storiografica sotto il profilo della storia diplomatica e politica. L'impero d'Austria guidato da Francesco i è oggi, rispetto al passato, meglio conosciuto per aver saputo tentare una profonda innovazione nel sistema amministrativo del lombardo-veneto e per aver cercato di realizzare le condizioni per una duratura pace europea. lo spirito di queste riforme, che erano allo stesso tempo progressiste e conservatrici, corrisponde alla personalità di Francesco i, quale si era venuta costituendo nel corso della sua formazione giovanile e negli anni del confronto con la Francia napoleonica. e questo imperatore "buono" fu oggetto di devozione popolare anche al congresso di verona, che sotto molti aspetti appare un capitolo di importanza centrale per la storia politica internazionale, un vero e proprio turning point che merita di essere nuovamente analizzato e studiato.

Public libraries serve as vital community resources that promote education, literacy, and cultural preservation. This research sought to enhance resource allocation and improve service delivery. The researcher employed a descriptive correlational design. The participants of this study were 197 thirdand fourth-year high school students from a national high school in Marawi City. Random sampling was used, and only those students who used the library during the data gathering period, which ran for an entire week, were asked to participate in the study. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants to gather data. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to organize and analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that the library has high-quality collections that meet user needs in terms of relevance, currency, and availability of requested resources. The accessibility of both printed and digital resources, coupled with effective librarian assistance, has resulted in highly rated library services. These positive evaluations are reflected in the generally high levels of user satisfaction with the library's resources and services. Meanwhile, the participants report generally high levels of research engagement. Currency and librarians' assistance significantly influence the participants' library engagement. Lastly, building on the high satisfaction ratings and recognizing the library's contribution to community education, the LGU may consider increasing budget allocation to acquire more updated print collections to maintain the currency and relevance of the library collections.

The study focused on analyzing the role of archival practices in promoting environmental sustainability and learn about the contribution of the intermediate archives at Oman Airports Company in promoting environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative research method, the study gathered data through interviews to meet its objectives. It highlighted five crucial elements that contribute to environmental sustainability in archives, in line with Oman Vision 2040 and e-government initiatives: energy consumption, facilities management, reducing carbon emissions, pollution control, environmental awareness, and policy implementation. A significant finding was the impact of renewable energy and responsible electricity usage on fostering environmental sustainability. The study also pinpointed various practices that help mitigate environmental pollution, such as incorporating indoor plants in the workplace, using eco-friendly products, and implementing sustainable waste disposal practices through recycling and reusing. Moreover, the findings revealed that Oman Airports Company, particularly the intermediate archive, actively engages in efforts to enhance environmental sustainability, integrating these practices into the company’s overall policies. The study recommends boosting awareness campaigns to promote both local and institutional environmental consciousness. It also suggests recognizing and rewarding employees who opt for sustainable practices in archive-related tasks and improving document and transportation management to minimize environmental impact.

The purpose of this study is to assess how accessible archives are for persons with disabilities in Oman, considering the effectiveness of national and international regulations related to this matter, and determining the problems of their implementation. Accordingly, the methodology of the research has been qualitative, combining documentary analysis with semi-structured interviews. The main focus of the documentary analysis is key legislative frameworks which include the Law on Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2008; the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, also known as CRPD, among other sector-specific regulations. Semi-structured interviews with representatives of five public institutions responsible for disability rights and public services were conducted, including the Ministry of Social Development, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and the Children's Public Library. The results reveal that while Oman has made laudable steps toward establishing a legal framework that ensures the physical accessibility of archives, major gaps can still be identified in the implementation mechanisms related to digital accessibility. Inconsistent enforcement, limited oversight, and the lack of specific regulations relating to archives were identified as major barriers. Those who took part in the consultation emphasized the need for increased awareness and training, coupled with the use of assistive technologies, to promote improved physical and digital access. It concludes that Oman needs to work towards effective enforcement of its regulations and learn from international best practice if it is to achieve full accessibility in archival services.

En el noroeste peninsular, el ciclo escriturario gótico se desarrolló con cierta
demora, hasta bien entrado el siglo XIII, pues la realidad gráfica visigótica perduró hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XII y su tránsito hacia la escritura carolina no se inició hasta mediados de esta centuria. El presente estudio pretende situar las fronteras de la escritura en la documentación producida, consumida y/o conservada en Santa María de Oia (Pontevedra) para los siglos XII-XIII; conocer las distintas fases vividas en el proceso de sustitución de la escritura visigótica por la escritura carolina, luego la natural evolución gótica y, por último, su derivación cursiva.

Il seminario si propone un confronto tra le ricerche dedicate a ricostruire le dinamiche socio-economiche relative all’amministrazione e alle pratiche forestali della Val di Fiemme nel periodo compreso tra la fine dell’700 e il ‘900. Sarà l’occasione per fornire una panoramica dello stato dell’arte della storia economica, sociale e ambientale delle Alpi, con alcuni approfondimenti su ricerche che riguardano le risorse naturali e i domini collettivi in corso nella nostra regione.

In collaborazione con il Progetto Prin 2022 – “Valorising rural commons for a greener and fairer society. Insights from Southern and Northern Italy” e con il  Progetto Prin 2022  “Bridging geography and history of woodlands: analysing mountain wooded landscapes through multiple sources and historical GIS” dell’Università di Trento.

Edizione dello scritto di Giambattista Fedrigotti di Belmonte sulla storia della propria famiglia, dalle origini al XIX secolo, compilato nel 1871 e attualmente depositato presso la Biblioteca civica "Tartarotti" di Rovereto tra i materiali archivistici della Donazione Armani, di proprietà del Comune di Isera (TN).

Archives have the potential to change people’s lives. They are ‘a fundamental bulwark of our democracy, our culture, our community and personal identity’. They are created in the first instance for the ‘conduct of business and to support accountability’, but they also ‘meet the requirements of society for transparency and the protection of rights’, they underpin citizen’s rights in a democratic state and are the raw material of our history and memory. Archivists and records managers are the professionals responsible for ensuring that these qualities are protected and exploited for the public good. Do they belong to a mature profession, equipped for this challenge in the 21st century? This thesis seeks to understand how the archive profession in the United Kingdom (particularly in England) developed during the 19th and 20th centuries by examining the political and legislative context for archives, analysing how archival institutions developed in central and local government, business...

Mi asesor de tesis por su oportuno apoyo: Joaquím Llansó Sanjuán A mi director de tesis: Mariano Garcías Rui-Perez En UNIA, a todos y cada uno de los que se comprometen y así lo demuestran en la practica para que aquellos que llegamos de tierras lejanas desde Ibero América, nos sintamos como en casa por el apoyo en cada asunto en la estadía en la Ràbida, gracias por todo A dos mujeres Especiales, Conocedoras del tema de los archivos y además que comparten y se preocupan porque asumamos esos conocimientos para luego reproducirlos en nuestras áreas de trabajo en nuestra patria e institución. Antonia Heredia y remedios rey de la peña que se han dado a la tarea de formar profesionales en el campo de la Archivistica, un especial agradecimiento a cada uno de los profesores por compartir su valiosos conocimientos y hacerlo en un ambiente de camaradería tan importante clima de ambientación para los estudiantes, gracias cada uno deja su marca en mi persona y en el ambiente profesional. a los colegas y compañeros todos, pero especialmente a Jacobo, Alexandra y Liz, que a mi de forma particular me parecieron grandes personas y espero que lo sigan siendo con cada uno de las personas a las que se acercan y logran impregnar su magnifica alegría en momentos de compartir

Painted Ware), ένα με αδρεγχάρακτη διακόσμηση (In-Ware), ένα με αδρεγχάρακτη διακόσμηση (In-Ware), ένα με αδρεγχάρακτη διακόσμηση (In-), ένα με αδρεγχάρακτη διακόσμηση (In-Incised Sgraffi to Ware), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμέ-Sgraffi to Ware), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμέ-Sgraffito Ware), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμέ-Ware), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμέ-Ware), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμέ-), καθώς και μονόχρωμα εφυαλωμένα (Monochrome Glazed Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-Monochrome Glazed Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-Glazed Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-Glazed Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-Ware). Η κεραμική χρονολογεί-). Η κεραμική χρονολογείται από τον όψιμο 12ο έως τον 13ο-14ο αιώνα. Εκτός της κεραμικής, βρέθηκαν τεμάχια γυαλιού και μεταλλικά αντικείμενα, εκ των οποίων δύο σιδερένια εγχειρίδια και δύο χάλκινα ενώτια.

This article analyses the letter-writing practices of women, focusing on a single letter written at the turn of the eighteenth century by a woman in Paris to an opera director in The Hague. Our case study shows we have much to gain from letters written by women further down the social hierarchy, as most scholarship has focused on the elite. By reading between the lines and employing responsible speculation, historians can
gain insight into the challenges and opportunities available to working women on the move, such as performers. Learning to read these letters differently – learning to truly listen to them – enables us to achieve new understanding of the ways in which women created and sustained relationships through correspondence.

Este artículo presenta un proyecto de investigación en curso sobre la aplicación de aprendizaje automático a la edición de inscripciones griegas. En concreto, propone utilizar Ithaca, una arquitectura de redes neuronales profundas, para elaborar una nueva edición crítica de las consultas al oráculo de Zeus y Dione que se conservan en las laminillas de plomo descubiertas en el santuario de Dodona, en el norte de Grecia. El objetivo del proyecto es doble: en primer lugar, busca integrar una herramienta tecnológica innovadora en la edición crítica epigráfica, mediante el uso de aprendizaje automático avanzado; en segundo lugar, permite evaluar la eficacia del aprendizaje profundo en la edición de un corpus de inscripciones griegas que presenta un alto nivel de complejidad.

Ova aktivnost za učenje, izrađena u suradnji s Ljiljanom Bilbijom, Pericom Vujićem i Željkom Predojevićem namijenjena je učenicima hrvatskog jezika različitih dobnih skupina na razinama B2 i C1. Uključuje upoznavanje s
hrvatskim dijalektizmima Palagruže, istraživanje ovog otoka pomoću Google Mapsa, izradu brošura o njemu u Canvi te korištenje Story Dicea i Classroomscreena za vođeno pripovijedanje

Kratki opis rada: Rad predstavlja program neformalnog stručnog usavršavanja pod nazivom Digitalna početnica, koji uključuje 10 tematskih cjelina vezanih uz različite digitalne alate te brigu o mentalnom zdravlju učitelja. Program se odvija u sklopu projekta Webučionica 4.0. Provodi se online, putem Google Classroom platforme, sadrži već unaprijed snimljene videotutorijale kao i podršku mentora. Pomoću strukturiranih zadataka sudionici usvajaju suvremene kompetencije s naglaskom na mentalno zdravlje. Evaluacije sudionika pokazuju visoku razinu zadovoljstva, s prosječnom ocjenom 4,96. Program provodi tim Webučionice pod pokroviteljstvom Ministarstva znanosti i obrazovanja, a usklađen je s EMA sustavom gdje se vodi i prati. Audio zapis o ovom stručnom radu na engleskom jeziku https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/efa092f6-47b8-4ebd-9033-bee9cab557f1/audio Ključne riječi: Digitalna početnica, neformalno stručno usavršavanje, digitalni alati, Google Classroom, umjetna inteligencija, mentorirano učenje, mentalno zdravlje, edukacija i Webučionica

The social cooperative management is articulated to the social groups linked to the cooperatives by the intention of looking for a collective benefit. The social management finds immersed in the social cooperative responsibility is practised across all the acts that a cooperative company realizes orientated to the well-being of his partners and hard-working. It has to see with the voluntary integration on the part of the companies of the social and environmental worries in the relations with each of his groups of interest; from the employees, as fundamental assets of the organization; up to the clients, suppliers, public power, and the company in his set. For it the aim of the investigation was evaluated the performance of the Social Management of four cooperatives of saving and credit of the province Bargain, Ecuador. The investigation is of type descriptive-correlacional and the used methods are theoretical and empirical. His analysis I throw as results and / or conclusions that t...

reprint of the 1640 edition by Ioh. van Beverwijck,
« 't begin van Hollant, in Dordrecht, Mitsgaders der eerster Stede beschrijvinge, regeringe ende regeerders, als oock de gedenckwaerdighste geschiedenissen aldaer gevallen »
Printed by Jasper Gorissz. Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Presentation of an unpublished documentary collection for the reconstruction of food and consumption in the 16th-19th centuries-Presentazione di una raccolta documentaria inedita per la ricostruzione dell'alimentazione e dei consumi nel XVI-XIX secolo

This study examines the implicit theological confrontation between Rebbe Nachman of Breslov and the figure of Jesus of Nazareth. Through close readings of key texts particularly Likutey Moharan 48 and selected tales the article identifies allusive critiques of Christian theology embedded within Rebbe Nachman’s discourse. Focusing on motifs such as false messianism, the “right hand of falsehood,” and the divided sonship, the analysis highlights a concealed yet deliberate response to Christian claims, positioning Rebbe Nachman’s thought as a mystical reaffirmation of Jewish messianic integrity.

История советского востоковедения в значительной степени отражает особенности истории советской науки и истории СССР в целом. Это обстоятельство связано с тем, что именно историкам древнего Востока в значительной выпала участь обосновать единство всемирно-исторического процесса с точки зрения ленинского понимания марксистской теории. Центральную роль в этом процессе играл В.В. Струве, с одной стороны стремившийся обосновать типологическое единство исторических процессов на древнем Востоке и в античном мире, с другой стороны, сохранявший готовность к определенным компромиссам. В середине 1930-х годов руководство СССР организует нажим на историческую науку, требуя осуществления тотального перехода на рельсы правильного марксистского понимания исторических процессов. Государство запускает кампанию по переделке и написанию новых учебников, новых обобщающих работ – Истории СССР и Всемирной истории. Востоковедение и конкретно В.В. Струве должны были обеспечить идеологическую чистоту новых пособий. В июле 1936 г. в Отделении общественных наук (ООН) АН СССР состоялось совещание, на котором представители государственной власти в лице К.Б. Радека требовали унификации востоковедного дискурса. Совещание фактически вышло за пределы частных проблем, поставленных перед ним и свелось к вопросам отношений между историками и идеологической линией ВКП(б) в период «большого террора». Опираясь на архивные документы и учитывая научный и политический контекст, авторы показывают, какие мотивы руководили действиями как представителей партийной элиты, так и науки, по-разному понимавших в середине 1930-х гг., как и в чем должен выражаться марксистский характер советской науки. На примере обсуждения теоретической «чистоты» научного творчества академика В.В. Струве авторы показывают, что линия на создание полностью зависимой от государства академической структуры не была вполне реализована, и даже в период сильного внешнего давления общественные науки смогли остаться в полуавтономном состоянии.

Sources on the history of Polish foreign policy in both the Second Polish Republic, including the period of World War II (the Polish government-in-exile), as well as “People’s” Poland are pub-lished in the series Polskie Dokumenty Dyplomatyczne (Polish Diplomatic Papers), issued by the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM). Since 2005, thirty volumes have been published, as well as their supplementary editions, and work is currently underway on a further nine volumes. As a result, the series has become a collection of sources without which it is impossible to imagine research on the history of Polish diplomacy and foreign policy in the twentieth century.The history of the project is discussed in the article, as well as its legal and organisational frame-work and key editorial decisions taken by the editorial committee. PISM’s activities related to the series are shown against the background of cooperation with publishers of diplomatic documents from other countries. Difficulties concerning the dispersion and inadequate state of preservation of Polish archival materials are touched on. Also approached is the issue of the publication of docu-ments only available on the Internet and those created solely in electronic format. Additionally mentioned are the difficulties affecting editors of Polish classified materials produced after 1990

Examining the solutions for granting rapid accessibility to the content of the extensive accounting registers of the former “Greek”/Aromanian commercial houses – from both a synchronous perspective (merchants were compelled not only to self-audit their business transactions but also to draw up extracts, selectively duplicate entries into other documents or registers, and grant credentials in litigious aspects) and from a diachronic perspective (palaeographic deciphering led to the creation/identification of quick aids) – this study documents an auxiliary annex to these archival items: the Alfabetto/Repertorio index. To elucidate the textual delving
methods adopted by merchants, I have employed theoretical insights derived from early ledger-managing directives and the analysis of the repository of registers in the “Greek” trading houses archival series, and the “Manuscripts” collection. The results bring to light a defining series of 27 commercial registers in Greek palaeography (displayed in Table 2 and illustrated in the Annex) synchronously equipped with tools for retrieving information about individuals and values: alphabetical indices, tables of contents, and chronological-onomastic or toponymic-onomastic lists.
Regarding the accuracy and precision of cross-references within the body of the registers, a sampling examination of each identified archival item revealed their absolute functionality for retrieving the references indexed by merchants. The Greek commercial registers indexed by the merchants themselves uncover a valuable inedited material for linguistics, ethnology, economic, social, accounting history.

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This article deals with an issue of the court-martial functioning in Mexican state of Yucatán in the middle of the 19th century. The political violence, a very characteristic of the epoch, in Yucatán scaled up with a start of the ethno-social conflict between the government and predominantly Indian population of southeastern part of the state – the Caste War (1847–1901). For the juridical practices the constant political conflicts, domination of the Army and military men in public life meant broad simplification of judicial procedures, often executed by officer corps. One special place for the middle of the 19th century was the fortress of Bacalar, which controlled the border with British dominions in Belize. It was one of the crucial points for importation of contraband into Yucatán peninsula, and if before 1847 it had been mostly civil goods, with the start of the Caste War, Belizean entrepreneurs actively participated in supply of rebels with armament and munitions. They were con...

La costruzione della struttura amministrativa unitaria che caratterizzerà il Regno d'Italia fino all'inizio del Novecento si realizza in un arco di tempo relativamente breve, in anni in cui il quadro normativo per l'amministrazione dei comuni viene sottoposto a significativi processi di cambiamento che porteranno nel 1865 all'approvazione della Legge per l'unificazione amministrativa del Regno d'Italia e alla conseguente Legge comunale e provinciale, con l'estensione del modello sardo-piemontese definitosi a partire dagli anni Quaranta 8 . Nel 1859, al termine della II Guerra d'indipendenza, la Lombardia viene annessa allo Stato sabaudo. Con i plebisciti del marzo 1860, anche l'Emilia, la Romagna e la Toscana vengono unite al Piemonte, e nel dicembre dello stesso anno, a seguito dell'incontro a Teano, si aggiungono anche le Marche, l'Umbria e il Napoletano. Il 17 marzo 1861 il Parlamento piemontese proclama Vittorio Emanuele II re d'Italia. Con la III Guerra d'indipendenza, nel novembre 1866, verranno annessi anche il Veneto e il Mantovano e nel 1870, con l'ingresso delle truppe italiane a Porta Pia, si completa l'Unità nazionale con l'aggiunta della provincia di Roma. La prima capitale del nuovo Stato unitario è Torino, nel 1865 la capitale viene spostata a Firenze e dal 1° luglio 1871 il titolo di capitale d'Italia viene definitivamente assegnato alla città di Roma. Al momento dell'annessione al Regno di Sardegna, e poi al Regno d'Italia, nei vari territori sono in vigore disposizioni locali non uniformi fra loro, che nel 1861 vengono abrogate, così che nei primi anni le norme sabaude preunitarie vengono estese all'intero territorio nazionale 9 . Uguale L'archivio comunale dall'Unità al 1897 destino hanno quindi le disposizioni rivolte agli archivi in Lombardia 10 , in Veneto 11 , in Toscana 12 , a Roma 13 , nel Napoletano e nel Mezzogiorno 14 , in Sicilia 15 e nelle altre zone.

The article analyzes interviews with 12 experts from Poland and abroad on their perceptions of the impact of community (independent) archives on archival science as an academic discipline, on heritage institutions (especially public archives) and on the archival profession. The purpose of the work is to present the partial results of the project entitled «The impact of independent community archives». Data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews, which were then analyzed using a priori codes (based on literature and previous interviews with community archivists), supplemented with new codesnew meanings observed during the iterative analysis performed by two team members. Scientific novelty. The article is the first study analyzing expert opinions on the impact of community archives, comparing views of different types of experts (e.g. academics, advocates for community archives, active or former community archivists). Experts  pointed  to  the  significance of community archives in reshaping the foundations of archival science (e.  g.  terminology,  archival  value).  Experts  from  Anglophone  countries  and  Chile  emphasized the relationship of community archives to decolonization of archives and critical archival studies. Experts from continental Europe focused on the acceptance of  the  existence  of  grassroots  archives  and  their  distinct  archival  practices.  Some  experts noted the impact on archival education. Experts variously assessed the effect on the practice of public archives.
* The article was written as part of a research project entitled «The impact of independent community archives» (№ 2022/47/D/HS3/00914) funded by the National Science Center in Krakow, Poland.

Resumen. El presente artículo ofrece nuevos datos sobre las bibliotecas de los canónigos y beneficiados de la Catedral de Valencia a través del análisis de sus inventarios de bienes y almonedas. El hallazgo de nueva documentación permite estudiar la cultura material de estos eclesiásticos y comprender su nivel cultural, además de su modo de vida. Asimismo, se expondrá cómo las lecturas y la influencia de las nuevas corrientes devocionales harán posible que irrumpan las imágenes en los hogares de los eclesiásticos valentinos en torno al año 1370. Para el estudio de dicha élite se ha recurrido a la historia social, concretamente a la rama de la historia de las mentalidades. Todo ello con el fin de estudiar el comportamiento individual y colectivo de este grupo privilegiado, quienes se convirtieron en auténticos clientes y promotores artísticos. Palabras clave: Catedral de Valencia; bibliotecas; imágenes devocionales; eclesiásticos.

РАН сохранилось три недатированных документа — проект Устава Научного отдела Народного комиссариата просвещения в двух версиях и «Докладная записка о деятельности Научного отдела Комиссариата народного просвещения за 1918 г.», фактически развивающая положения проектов Устава, принятие которых обеспечивало бы свободу научной деятельности и гарантировало бы соблюдение гражданских свобод внутри научного сообщества. Эти проекты реализованы небыли, однако они являются важнейшими документами по истории институализации научной сферы на рубеже 1917—1918 гг.