Homelessness And Housing Exclusion

Se analiza la capacidad institucional del Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara, México, respecto a la implementación de la política de vivienda a través de su Instituto Municipal de la Vivienda (IMUVIG). En primer lugar, para poder definir las capacidades institucionales se revisó la literatura, encontrando que su análisis es complejo porque quienes las han definido o medido, no han llegado a un consenso y, en general, se enfocan a aspectos ajenos a las instituciones. Es por ello que se propone un análisis centrado en el neo institucionalismo, a través del enfoque de la lógica institucional. Para su medición se compararon documentos orgánicos y programáticos desde dicho enfoque, encontrándose que la lógica institucional que persigue la organización es de corte estado centrista, mientras que en lo programático es mercantilista. Esta contradicción nos llevó a concluir que la contradicción en la lógica institucional del IMUVIG, provoca que este carezca de capacidad institucional para implementar la política de vivienda, aun poseyendo capacidades técnicas, políticas y administrativas suficientes.

The main objective of the report is to describe and analyse existing evidence, policy approaches and the overall framework to address homelessness and housing exclusion and their respective effectiveness in the context of Cyprus. The report discusses policy challenges and solutions as well as identify gaps in service provision, building on available data and analysis.

Evicted the exhibition is the product of a collaboration
among the museums’ curator Sarah Leavitt, sociologist
Matthew Desmond, and three Brooklyn based firms including
a radio producer, an architectural practice and a graphic
design firm. The experience is delivered almost entirely
through graphics and audio, with a few three dimensional
creations – most notably a shrink wrapped set of boxes
representing the belongings of an evicted family- and yet
the exhibit experience feels fully three-dimensional.

A few reasons to visit Evicted
- The topic impacts each of us in some way
- It demonstrates a novel way for a museum to provide
new content that brings in wider audiences while staying
on mission and keeping related to core expertise and
content
- It is an interesting and well executed collaboration with
a scholar (it is inspired by but not bound by Matthew Desmond’s
book of the same name)
- The map of the U.S. in cardboard boxes and other solid
information design and graphic presentation

The scale of homelessness in Europe throws a stark light on the right to housing that exists in many European states and in European and International Law. This disparity between legal right and the social reality of homelessness and housing precarity begs the question as to the efficacy of a rights-based approach to housing.

This article examines the ‘enforceable’ right to housing in France, in place since 2007, to explore the efficacy of approaching a chronic lack of housing through justiciable rights. The lack of progress in over a decade of jurisprudence highlights the challenges posed to legal advocacy in this area, particularly when combined with a lack of political will. The article concludes by reflecting on alternative approaches, in which justiciable rights have played less of a role, stressing the need for political and financial commitment over legal rights.

Although planned as the " City of Tomorrow " , the Bijlmer district in Amsterdam quickly became the quintessential symbol of urban decline. Today, even with half of the planned renewal of the Bijlmer completed, the alleged success of this urban revitalisation programme is questionable. Parts of the black middle class did not move out and some are even returning to the Bijlmer; the combination is producing a type of " black gentrification " , which forces the " undesirables " like drug users, homeless people and undocumented immigrants to leave. This revanchist renewal not only benefits the middle and lower-class population of the district, but it also serves the interests of private developers. European revanchism makes the city safe for corporate investment and aims to restore social order as well as stimulating the development of a strong middle class. This paper demonstrates how hard revanchist policies are demanded not only by private developers but also by the middle and lower classes, and they exist alongside soft " caring " policies, even for the " undesirables " . 
Keywords: revanchism, urban revitalisation, gentrification, Amsterdam, black middle class, homeless people, modernist urban planning, undesirables, drug use, public space, high-rise flats

The aims of this study were to examine the presence of clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes in homeless, and to identify common personality profi les. Participants were 144 subjects, 35 women and 109 men (mean age = 42 years), all of them in a situation of chronic social exclusion, 67% were homeless for more than a year, and 33% more than three years. During the evaluation period they resided in a shelter for the homeless. Results showed that clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes with higher prevalence, according to the model of Million, were: depressive, narcissistic and paranoid, as well as anxiety, drug dependence and thought disorder, respectively. In addition, cluster analysis classifi ed the subjects into two groups «narcissistic-adaptive» and «depressive-paranoid». These results suggested that the treatment and health resources should be adapted according to the psychiatric deterioration, considering the homeless as a heterogeneous group with different psychosocial needs.

There has been wide acknowledgement of the relationship between inadequate housing and poor health; however, temporary housing has largely escaped attention. This paper takes a socio-spatial perspective of camping ground residence, reflecting on competing narratives of the meaning of these places. The temporary nature of this housing leaves residents vulnerable to eviction and inadequate housing standards, and particularly at-risk of further homelessness. Legislation, regulation and public discourse undermine camping ground residence as a legitimate housing option. This paper examines camping grounds as sites of politics of place, where many camping ground residents live in a politically and socially unsecured space. The conception of camping grounds as housing is a complex and contested issue, regardless of any economic and social functions that camping grounds fulfil. This research is an example of the consequences of social exclusion in housing, and findings reinforce the need to take into account socio-spatial structuring of housing within policy settings.

The review is devoted to the researches of the innovative social policy model "Housing first", which has proved its effectiveness in the last two decades as a means of combating homelessness, primarily street, chronic and recurrent. Initially applied to people with mental illness and then extrapolated to the homeless, the concept has proved its effectiveness in economically developed countries, gradually taking over the countries of the former socialist camp, as well as changing in the direction from patronage of the most vulnerable people towards the recognition of the universal and unconditional principle of the natural human right to housing. It is often accompanied by the radical left ideology. Most of the studies were conducted in UK, USA, France, and Ireland. The most engaged authors are characterized by youth and active involvement in practical protects the rights of the homeless, discriminated ethnic minorities, women and children. Preliminary results of the review indicate that the conscious public demand for the introduction of "Housing first" is increasing in the conditions of rigidly segregated, but out-of-the-state residence of a large number of discriminated urban minorities, combined with increased repressive measures against them as a result of the processes of gentrification of the center. The success of the model is facilitated by careful statistical accounting of the types and forms of settlement of residents, including homelessness, and by field model of social services for all categories of people in need in their places of residence and typical daytime activity. The ethical advantages of the concept are the rejection of all forms of violence and coercion in the course of rehabilitation activities, ideological one are in reducing housing inequality and improving social justice, economic benefits are in reducing the cost of social security. Destigmatization and expansion of cooperation in society are the main social achievements.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth are disproportionately represented in the U.S. youth homelessness population. In Coming Out to the Streets, Brandon Andrew Robinson examines their lives.

Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork in central Texas, Coming Out to the Streets looks into the LGBTQ youth's lives before they experience homelessness—within their families, schools, and other institutions—and later when they navigate the streets, deal with police, and access shelters and other services. Through this documentation, Brandon Andrew Robinson shows how poverty and racial inequality shape the ways that the LGBTQ youth negotiate their gender and sexuality before and while they are experiencing homelessness. To address LGBTQ youth homelessness, Robinson contends that solutions must move beyond blaming families for rejecting their child. In highlighting the voices of the LGBTQ youth, Robinson calls for queer and trans liberation through systemic change.

This publication documents the findings of a qualitative longitudinal study of youth homelessness in Ireland. Initiated in 2013, the research aimed to ‘track’ homeless young people over time in order to more fully understand their trajectories through and possibly out of homelessness. A key aim was to generate in-depth knowledge and understanding of the factors, processes and dynamics that impact the housing transitions of homeless young people over time. The research makes an innovative departure from previous qualitative longitudinal studies of youth homelessness, both in Ireland and elsewhere, by including the views and perspectives of a family member of approximately one quarter of the study’s young people.

La situación de calle es un fenómeno con presencia mundial, que resalta por la complejidad inherente a su definición, medición, prevención, y superación. Asimismo, corresponde a una de las mayores vulneraciones a los derechos humanos. El presente documento, es el resultado de un largo proceso de reflexión dentro del Hogar de Cristo, que ha revisado de manera crítica sus modelos de trabajo y estudiado la evidencia disponible en Chile y en el mundo, para elaborar una propuesta que pretende mejorar su propio trabajo en pos del logro de trayectorias inclusivas y al mismo tiempo, robustecer las políticas públicas que abordan la situación de calle en Chile; por medio de una estructura institucional intersectorial y multinivel denominada Modelo Integrado de Servicios (MISE). El abordaje integral de las personas en situación de calle se facilita mediante la integración de servicios actualmente fragmentados, articulando las acciones públicas y privadas en el nivel de la comunidad local. El propósito de este sistema está en garantizar flujos de información sobre las personas y sus procesos de intervención, junto con estandarizar instrumentos y procedimientos de eficacia comprobada, asegurar una base de financiamiento constante, y otros avances operativos que permiten evitar tanto la sub-intervención como la sobre-intervención. El MISE busca crear puentes entre distintos sectores (público-privado) y niveles del territorio (local, regional y nacional), para ofrecer servicios integrados y de calidad mediante respuestas de emergencia y promocionales.

The aims of this study were to examine the presence of clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes in homeless, and to identify common personality profi les. Participants were 144 subjects, 35 women and 109 men (mean age = 42 years), all of them in a situation of chronic social exclusion, 67% were homeless for more than a year, and 33% more than three years. During the evaluation period they resided in a shelter for the homeless. Results showed that clinical personality patterns and clinical syndromes with higher prevalence, according to the model of Million, were: depressive, narcissistic and paranoid, as well as anxiety, drug dependence and thought disorder, respectively. In addition, cluster analysis classifi ed the subjects into two groups «narcissistic-adaptive» and «depressive-paranoid». These results suggested that the treatment and health resources should be adapted according to the psychiatric deterioration, considering the homeless as a heterogeneous group with different psychosocial needs.

Le non-recours aux hébergements d'urgence par les sans-abri est couramment expliqué de deux façons : d'un côté, par les critiques portées par les sans-abri à l'encontre des hébergements qui leur sont proposés ; de l'autre, par les processus d'exclusion et de désocialisation qu'ils subissent et qui les conduisent à rejeter l'assistance et même la société. Ces deux types d'analyses, nécessaires, ne suffisent pourtant pas à rendre compte du fait que des personnes restent installées dans les espaces publics. La défaillance de ces analyses provient de l'individualisation excessive qu'elles appliquent à ces situations, en mettant en scène les sans-abri comme des individus détachés de tout lien, faisant face, isolés, à des dispositifs.
Pour comprendre ces situations extrêmes, qui éclairent les situations de pauvreté en général, il faut, au contraire, sortir les personnes des ruptures de liens sociaux auxquelles elles sont trop systématiquement réduites, pour voir que tout processus de désocialisation, par rapport à certains groupes, se poursuit par un processus de resocialisation, dans d'autres groupes. Autrement dit, c'est en se rendant plus attentif aux formes de vie collective auxquelles sont attachés les sans-abri vivant dans les espaces publics, qu'on se donne une chance de mieux comprendre sociologiquement leur non-recours aux hébergements sociaux.

The latest Australian Homelessness Monitor shows the national homelessness rate is set to surge as short-term coronavirus and housing protections phase down.
The 2020 Australian Homelessness Monitor offers an independent analysis of homelessness in Australia. It investigates the changing scale and nature of the problem, and assesses recent policy and practice developments seen in response.
This is the second in the Launch Housing-commissioned Monitor series, conducted by the University of New South Wales (City Futures Research Centre and the Centre for Social Impact) and the University of Queensland.

Data visualisation can be found here: unsw.to/AHM2020

Within the news media and literature, alike, people experiencing homelessness are often categorised into various stereotypes revolving around their lack of abode. In such a practice a ‘homeless identity’ becomes the defining feature of a person’s character. Very few theoretical studies have critically addressed this discursive construction and its implications. This paper contributes to the few existing debates around the 'homeless identity' by arguing that such constructions are binding and misguided. The paper takes insight from the many and varied theories of ‘identity’ – how different approaches have theorised it and what might be borrowed from them to (re)conceptualise the ‘homeless identity’. After outlining several approaches to identity, the paper asks how someone experiencing homelessness might resist or challenge prescriptive identities and how the literature and research around homelessness might progress. It concludes that an intersectional approach will enrich a literature which tends to focus on a singular 'homeless identity'. Such an approach will address the intersection of lines of difference and recognise that the identity of any individual is multiple and fluid.

This article examines the survival strategies undertaken by homeless people. The findings of an ethnographic research, both in Italy and in Colombia, highlight the main activities which are performed by the homeless for their daily survival. We can call those activities 'shadow works'. They refer to the informal and hidden economy linked to exchanges carried out directly on the street and allow the procurement of essential goods for the mental and physical health of the people who live their marginality on the street. These works are "shadow" in the sense that, in addition to belonging to the informal sphere of the underground economy, they often reproduce work activities of the "normal" society in a form adapted to street life. Challenging many misconceptions, this article suggests that "street society" is complex, organized , clearly separated from mainstream society, and providing a cultural framework that guides homeless people's survival strategies.

Esta comunicação compila o resultado de uma investigação levada a cabo entre 2013 e 2014, que incidiu sobre a relação existente entre a cultura e arte e a intervenção social com pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo. O objeto de estudo que privilegiamos

In a context of structural precariousness, has gradually developed beside a helping relationship oriented towards the future, support for the relationship to strengthen the actual links. What are the consequences of this transformation on the daily social work? This article explores some of them on the type of relief relationship born of this metamorphosis: the endless support, in both meanings of without previous purpose and duration. From mutations experienced by the social emergency sector since 2007, the fieldwork, which took place in Paris between 2009 and 2011, focuses on the hardships faced by practitioners working in long-duration accommodation. It shows how they overcome the tensions they encounter through being in the continuous presence of people to help, either by revisiting empowerment practices or hardening of counterparts. The fieldwork aims to examine more generally the forms taken by autonomy in indefinite duration social intervention practices.


Dans un contexte de précarisation structurelle, s’est peu à peu développée, à côté d’une relation d’aide orientée vers l’avenir, une aide à la relation visant à consolider les liens présents. Quelles sont les conséquences de cette transformation de la relation d’assistance sur le travail social quotidien ? Cet article en explore quelques-unes à partir du type de relation d’assistance qui naît de cette métamorphose : l’accompagnement sans fin, au double sens de finalité et de durée. À partir des mutations qu’a connues le secteur de l’urgence sociale depuis 2007, l’enquête, qui s’est déroulée en région parisienne entre 2009 et 2011, se focalise sur les épreuves rencontrées par les intervenants travaillant dans des hébergements de longue durée. Elle montre comment ceux-ci surmontent les tensions qu’ils rencontrent à force d’être en présence continue de personnes à aider, que ce soit par une revisite des pratiques d’autonomisation ou par un durcissement des contreparties. L’enquête vise plus généralement à interroger les formes prises par l’autonomie dans des pratiques d’intervention sociale à durée indéterminée.

En un contexto de precarización estructural, junto a una relación de ayuda orientada al futuro, se ha ido desarrollando poco a poco una ayuda a la relación que aspira a consolidar los vínculos presentes. ¿Cuáles son las consecuencias de esta transformación de la relación asistencial sobre el trabajo social cotidiano? Este artículo explora algunas de ellas a partir del tipo de relación asistencial nacida de esta metamorfosis: el acompañamiento sin fin, en el doble sentido de su finalidad y duración. A partir de las mutaciones acontecidas en el sector de la urgencia social desde 2007, la investigación realizada en la región de París entre 2009 y 2011, se centra en las dificultades encontradas por los trabajadores que intervienen en los alojamientos de larga duración. Esta investigación muestra cómo éstos superan las tensiones que encuentran a fuerza de estar en continua presencia de las personas atendidas, ya sea por la revisión de las prácticas de adquisición de autonomía o por un endurecimiento de las contrapartidas. Este trabajo pretende, de forma más general, interrogar las formas que toma la autonomía en las prácticas de intervención social de duración indefinida.

This is a case study review of the Booth Centre, a Salvation Army supportive housing project in Southampton, United Kingdom. The review focuses on the site's attendance to human wellness. The case study is one of a collection of such case studies by Design Resources for Homelessness at designresourcesforhomelessness.org

This academic opinion analyses what barriers, if any, the protection for property rights contained in Articles 40.3.2 and 43 of the Constitution creates for legislative and/or administrative responses to the current housing crisis. It does not consider any particular responses, but rather explores the question in general terms. It argues that a wide range of restrictions are permissible within the parameters set by Irish constitutional property law. T

Cosa accade quando l’antagonismo esce dai centri sociali e incontra la
“subalternità”, quel vasto sottoproletariato caratterizzato da bassi livelli
di istruzione, sospeso tra lavori precari e malpagati, che affolla le città
del Sud? Il volume risponde a questo interrogativo proponendo uno
studio etnografico sull’incontro tra il movimento politico e la
popolazione dei “margini”, uniti dalla lotta per il soddisfacimento dei
bisogni primari e per la casa. Andando oltre i classici temi della
sociologia politica, comunemente centrati sulla conquista dello spazio
pubblico da parte dei movimenti, questo saggio indaga soprattutto le
forme mentali degli attori, le tattiche di penetrazione del gruppo dei
“politici” in quello dei “subalterni”, le forme della pedagogia politica e
quella delle resistenze alla sua azione “civilizzatrice”. Comunismo,
volontà di potenza, mafia e magia, compongono lo sfondo di una lotta
serrata che non condurrà lontani, ma dalla quale, per ragioni diverse,
nessuno degli attori può sottrarsi.
Scritto in un linguaggio che cerca di riprodurre quanto più fedelmente
quello dei protagonisti, "Prendere le case" è una etnografia totale, che
svela gli anfratti della città meridionale e le difficoltà di una pratica
politica antagonista e popolare nella società contemporanea.

This dissertation explores the Trinitarian concept of perichoresis as a means of demonstrating the relational life of God to be characterised by inclusion and integrity, before examining the Pauline Corinthian epistles, especially the image of the Body of Christ, as providing an ecclesiological model of participation in God. Finally this dissertation asks in what ways the shared life of the Church community can express the inclusion and integrity of God in the ways in which it relates to those who are vulnerable and marginalised, with particular attention paid to those people who are very young, i.e. children, those people who are disabled, and those people who are vulnerably sheltered, e.g. the homeless. In conclusion, this study claims that the perichoretic relationships of the Trinity subsist in self-giving love, which at once unites the Father, Son, and Spirit, and embraces diversity. At the heart of this inclusion and integrity is the paradox of the Cross, where the Spirit not only unites the Trinity in the face of separation and rejection, but also opens up relational spaces for humanity to enter in. The church starts to participate in and celebrate this cruciform embrace through the sharing of the Lord‟s Supper, where the members of the Body receive each other as gift in friendship through enabling participation for all, sharing in each other‟s stories, and celebrating their joy at sharing life together in Christ.

In this study, the definition, effects and reasons of homelessness are emphasized. There may be various reasons for the notion of homelessness which can cause problems because there is no general definition. However, the exactness of these reasons is uncertain. While some causes can cause homelessness, the same causes can occur if you are homeless. The effects of homelessness are mostly on the individual, and various influences can also be seen on society and the state.

First and foremost, I am greatly indebted to my Advisor, Dr. Fisseha Wegayehu, for his critical reading, corrections, and constructive comments of this study. I thank him for his unreserved advice and follow-up, scholarly and academic assistance, patience and commitment that were very crucial for the completion of this study. His fatherly approach also played a key role for the successful accomplishment of the paper. He has been a source of inspiration, encouragement, and a key to the accomplishment of the work, all the way. Without his help, this paper could have not taken its present form. I would like to thank to Mizan-Tepi University that sponsored me to complete my education. I also thank School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University for its financial support. My heartfelt thank goes to all staff members of Department of Urban Development and Management of Addis Ababa University for their genuine cooperation during my study. My sincere thanks further goes to Addis Ababa City Administration Officials; Managers and Residents of Ayat and Sunshine real estates which devoted their time and provided invaluable information and material supports during the data collection. I am very grateful to my Uncle Mr. Tadesse Baraki who was always by my side encouraging and supporting me morally and financially. I thank my friends Seyoum Haile, Negash Getachew, Ashebir Mengistu,Yaye Temesgen, Abel Birku, Hagos Tadesse, Hailesselasie Mehari and ii Woldemariam Gebremichael for their moral support and editing the paper time and again. My special thank extends to W/t Meaza Fikadu for her unrestricted secretarial service. Above all, I need to gratify the almighty God for offering me health, peace, and courage that inspired me to complete my studies successfully.

The dissertation developped in the following lines is a theorical and practical investigation on music therapy, based on a naturalistic mixed case study. The case study has been carried out during 14 sessions; nine of them being group sessions and five of them individual with a unique user who won on risk of suffering social exclusion for being a PSH (homeless). 
This work can be divided into three parts: theoretical background, empirical framework and conclusions. In the theoretical framework here is an introduction to music therapy, to social exclusion and to this discipline applied to this group. The empirical framework includes information about the centre, and all to needed data related to the music therapeutical process of the user. This study has been corried out through the “Escala Gentcat de Calidad de Vida” and have been easured through the observation of changes in the way emotions are expressed, in the music interventions of the user, its active participation, attention and adaptation to the rhythm and leading the way. In the last part, in the results, it can be observed how music therapy intervention on homeless has been beneficial for the increasing of the user’s self confidence, as well on for other aspects.

There is now a significant body of research literature on the meaning of home within philosophy, architecture and the social sciences, including some areas of law (especially British housing law). However, the extent to which this body of work has informed family law, and more specifically our understandings of children’s experiences of living across households after parental separation, has been very limited indeed. In particular, Australian family property law is informed by an emphasis on dwellings, that is, physical entities, and parenting law by the expectation that children readily function in more than one home after parental separation. These approaches do not recognise home as the interrelationship between physical, social and psychological space. In contrast, the literature on home captures its multifaceted and phenomenological dimensions but overwhelmingly assumes a singular home. Marginalisation of children’s perspectives is evident in both Australian family law and the literature on home. Currently, there is no socio-legal work that attends to children’s conceptualisation and experience of home in the context of parental separation. Yet Western emphasis on a singular physical home, as well as the apparent centrality of affectivity and connectedness to home for children, raise important questions about if and how parental separation leads to changes in the idea of home for children. Informed by plans for a British study by Mavis Maclean and Susan Golombok, we suggest that further exploration of what home means and homemaking involves for children would provide a valuable basis for supporting children and parents to configure post-separation living arrangements so that children always feel they are at home.

The present research regards upon the existing relation between forms of culture and
art and its social intervention, having as empirical subject  the artistic project Som da Rua
[Sounds out of Street], created in 2009 by the Educative Service from Casa da Música, in
partnership with institutions of social intervention in Porto. The singular feature of the given
artistic project lies on the unique character of the trajectory of its participants, though it may,
as well, entwine and share a common set of regularities. It’s about some dozens of
individuals, both men and women, which routine is passed below a kerosene ceiling and in
the city’s hidden corners. It is within one cultural institution with undoubted power that, for
brief moments, they see themselves empowered with capitals – cultural, symbolic and social –
and dress the artist’s skin. 
With the purpose of understanding the life experience of a homeless community in
Porto, which embraced a musical artistic project, it were defined to the inference of the
current research two main goals: (i) to understand how it is felt/perceived/appropriated, by
subjects excluded from an economic, social and cultural system, their  participation inside a
project created around music; and (ii) to learn if social intervention by cultural means,
concretized by the institutional dimension of the project, aims, effectively, the social inclusion
of the individual or if, on the other hand, it is directed to audience formation, or  yet, both.
The research was sustained on a methodology that favored the ethnographic approach,
through protocol development of direct observation of the rehearsals of the project in 2014,
biographic interviews made specifically to those participants from the homeless communities,
semi directive interviews to institutional actors, and documental analysis concerning the
process of artistic production. 
With this research, it was able to understand that there is a gap between the reality and
the statistics about homeless people, and that the social intervention, which uses culture and
arts, creates effects on those people as well.

Περίληψη

Το άρθρο διερευνά με ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις τα αίτια απώλειας στέγης Ελλήνων αστέγων παραγωγικής ηλικίας στην περιοχή της Αθήνας. Έπειτα από την επισκόπηση των κυριότερων παραγόντων που ευνοούν την εμφάνιση φαινομένων απώλειας στέγης στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία περιγράφεται η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε, καθώς και τα αποτελέσματα της εμπειρικής έρευνας και τα συμπεράσματα. Μέσα από το εμπειρικό σκέλος προκύπτει η επικράτηση δομικών και θεσμικών παραγόντων απώλειας στέγης. Γεγονός που σε μεγάλο βαθμό οφείλεται στις δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις της κρίσης, των πολιτικών λιτότητας που εφαρμόστηκαν, της επιδείνωσης ακραίων μορφών φτώχειας και κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού και των θεσμικών αναδιαρθρώσεων της κοινωνικής πολιτικής.

Λέξεις Κλειδιά: Απώλεια Στέγης, Κοινωνικός Αποκλεισμός, Κρίση, Ελλάδα

Abstract

Using semi-structured interviews, this article delves into the causes of homelessness for homeless people of working age in Athens. The extensive literature review of the main factors contributing to the emergence of homelessness is followed by the presentation of the methodology utilized, the research findings and conclusions. The empirical part shows how structural and institutional factors account for homelessness. This is largely due to the adverse effects of the crisis, the austerity policies implemented, the deterioration of extreme forms of poverty and social exclusion, as well as the institutional restructuring (transformation) of social policy (changes in social policy institutions). 

Keywords: Homelessness, Social Exclusion, Crisis, Greece

Many homeless people may have been exposed to events and situations that could potentially produce neuropsychological impairments. In the current study, 80 homeless participants underwent a battery of tests designed to 1) estimate long-standing established memory and intelligence, which was assumed to indicate prehomeless function and 2) measure current memory and intelligence function. Mental health screening and substance misuse data were also obtained. Results indicated that current memory and IQ were significantly lower than the estimated normal population means and also their prehomeless estimates. The memory score change was from 100.5 to 90.3 (p Ͻ .001) and IQ change from 98.8 to 95.6 (p ϭ .038). The interaction between task type (memory or IQ) and measure (prehomeless or current) was also significant (p ϭ .003), signifying that there was a greater change in the domain of memory function than in IQ. Many participants reported substance misuse and clinically significant mental health concerns. We conclude that the homeless individuals in our sample appear to have suffered a reduction in cognitive function, which may have occurred either during homelessness or prior to it.

Περίληψη

Το άρθρο χρησιμοποιεί την έννοια του «μίγματος ευημερίας» (welfare mix) ως βασικό ερμηνευτικό εργαλείο, επιχειρώντας να εξετάσει την αναλογία του στις πολιτικές αντιμετώπισης της έλλειψης στέγης στην Ελλάδα. Οι αλλαγές στο μίγμα ευημερίας οδηγούν σε νέους τύπους διακυβέρνησης. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η οπισθοχώρηση του κράτους επιχειρείται να αναπληρωθεί από την κοινωνία των πολιτών και τον ιδιωτικό τομέα. Στην Ελλάδα, στα χρόνια της κρίσης, η ανάδυση των πολιτικών για την έλλειψη στέγης φαίνεται να ακολουθεί αυτά ακριβώς τα μονοπάτια. ΜΚΟ, φιλανθρωπικά ιδρύματα και ιδιωτικές επιχειρήσεις πρωταγωνιστούν στην προσφορά ευημερίας, εξαιτίας της μη παρέμβασης του κράτους. Γεγονός που έχει εμφανή αρνητικό αντίκτυπο στην ποιότητα της κοινωνικής προστασίας των αστέγων.

Λέξεις Κλειδιά: Μίγμα Ευημερίας, Κοινωνική Πολιτική, Έλλειψη Στέγης, Ελλάδα

Abstract

The article uses the concept of "welfare mix" as the main interpretive tool, attempting to examine its ratio to the policies addressing homelessness in Greece. Changes in the welfare mix, lead to new modes of governance. In this context, the retreat of the state is attempted to be made up by the civil society as well as the private sector. In Greece, during the years of crisis, the emergence of homelessness policies seems to follow these exact paths. NGOs, charities and private companies play the leading role in welfare bid, because of the non-intervention of the state. This fact has an obvious negative impact on the quality of the social protection of the homeless.

Keywords: welfare mix, social policy, homelessness, Greece