IDM

This paper presents a new approach for knowledge extraction from patent document for the use of design engineers. It is based on the Inventive Design Method (IDM) which derives from TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving whose goal is to theorize on the act of inventing partly on the bases of patent's observation. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to automatically extract IDM concepts from patent document, using generic linguistic markers. This paper is the continuation of a previous work and mainly focuses on the retrieval of parameters which characterize the main components of contradictions related to an artifact evolution bottlenecks.

Black pod disease of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. is the major constraint in cocoa production in India. Therefore, integrated field management trials were conducted in two locations of one of the major cocoa growing regions for two consecutive years. There were seven treatments such as four fungicides, one antagonist (Trichoderma harzianum), cultural practices alone and absolute control, in three replications. Cultural practices such as nutrient management, pruning, plant and field hygiene etc. were implemented in all treatments except control. The disease incidence in copper oxychloride treated plots at both the sites in both years was the lowest and significantly varied from control plots. There was more than 50 per cent reduction in disease incidence when cultural practices alone were implemented, compared to control plots. This indicates that in gardens with less incidence of black pod disease, economic management of the disease is possible by adopting cultural practices alone. There was also substantial reduction in black pod incidence in Trichoderma treated plots compared to control plots. Thus, the results of the study indicated that black pod disease can be effectively managed in gardens with high disease incidence by combining fungicide application with the cultural operations adopted in the trial. Economic management of black pod disease with chemical fungicides depends on magnitude of disease severity and loss. How to view point the article : Peter, Prabha K. and Chandramohanan, R. (2014). Integrated management of black pod disease of cocoa caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 7(1) : 107-110.

Low cost formulations and delivery system are necessary for wide adoption of bio-control of plant diseases using microbial antagonists. Though several plantation crops wastes/by-product including coir pith are used for multiplication of Trichoderma species, no attempt has been made so far to develop a low cost commercial product with long shelf life and high population of antagonist. A technology has been developed to prepare a commercial product viz., Trichoderma coir pith cake (TCPC) using 'maida' flour and Trichoderma harzianum biomass. It has been found that dried TCPC packed in polythene bags can be stored at room temperature (26-30 °C) for 10 months with high level of T. harzianum population. Through a simple activation process of moistening the dried TCPC and incubating under room temperature for 2 days, luxurious growth of Trichoderma covering the entire product was obtained and thus the population could be increased to a very high level. Mean T. harzianum population in dry TCPC after 10 months of storage was found to be 5.0x 10 6 CFU/g which has increased to 14.4x10 6 CFU g -1 on activation. Though the population after one year could be increased from 1.6x10 6 CFU g -1 in dry TCPC to 5.2x10 6 in activated, it is ideal to recommend a shelf life period of 10 months while commercializing the product. The new, simple and low cost technology developed, thus, clearly indicates that coir pith, a waste from coconut industry can be made in to value added and environment friendly commercial product for management of plant diseases. Several such products can be commercially prepared for different microbial bioagents following this production technology.

A recent survey of cocoa growing areas in India revealed that cocoa stem canker caused by Phytophthora is a serious problem. With the expansion of cocoa growing and the increase in canker incidence it became imperative to develop ecofriendly and economically viable disease management strategies. Field trials were laid out for two years to develop disease management strategies for stem canker of cocoa. There were six treatments with three fungicides viz., mancozeb, copper oxychloride and phosphorous acid, a biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum and cultural practices alone. The treatments were applied only once during December. Though the different treatments except control did not vary significantly, phosphorus acid treatment was found to be better than all other treatments in controlling the disease. The number of active lesions 5 months after the treatment with phosphorous acid and T.harzianum did not vary much. Phosphorous acid (Akomin 40 @ 5ml/L. water) was applied to the wound caused after removing the bark from the canker lesion as well as spraying the whole plant. Coir pith cake seeded with T.harzianum (activated by soaking in water) was applied to the area where only 25cm 2 bark surface layer was removed. In addition, five T.harzianum cakes soaked in water were kept at equidistance in the soil around cocoa plants at a distance of 15 cm from the base of the stem and covered with dried leaves of arecanut and cocoa as mulch. Luxurious growth of T.harzianam covered the entire cake after 48 h and had spread to the infected internal tissue. Removal of infected tissues from the canker (cultural practices alone) without any other treatment was also found to be effective in reducing lesion size to some extent. But the number of active lesions after 5 months of this treatment was much higher than all other treatments. Though all the treatments were on par and significantly different from the control, treatment with T.harzianum is expected to be more effective in the long run as the number of active lesions after treatment was less and because this biocontrol agent can survive and multiply under the congenial microclimatic conditions in the garden, thereby suppressing the Phytophthora population in the cropping system.

This paper explores the framework of Instructional Decision-Making (IDM) as a means to connect theories in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) with practice in language teaching and learning. For this purpose, the author examines the pre-active, interactive, and post-active stages of IDM and how Focus on Form (FonF) can be applied within the classroom. This review reinforces the necessity of making theories in SLA more applicable for language teachers, highlights the potential of IDM to attain this connection, and shows the benefits and limitations of FonF as a pedagogical proposal for language teachers. The paper concludes by presenting implications for research and practice.

This investigation was conducted out at the Directorate of Diyala agriculture, Baqubah nursery, Iraq during January 2019 to, May 2019 to assess the response of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to PGPR bacteria containing (Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium) as commercial formulation and different levels of bread yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) viz. 0,4,8 and 12%. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of 8 treatments with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that using PGPR + yeast 8% and PGPR + yeast 12% gave significant increment in most studied traits compared to the other treatments such as the total number of fruits (183 and 178), plant height (200.5 and 201.8 cm), total weight of fruits/kg (18.9 and 20.056 kg) and total weight of fruits ton/hectare (37.8 and 40.11 ton/hectare) respectively.

-L'avènement des véhicules autonomes a été longtemps perçu comme un événement qui allait révolutionner le monde du transport, améliorer le confort et la sécurité des usagers. Bien que cet optimisme soit partagé par la plupart et que d'importants progrès technologiques aient été fait dans ce sens, le chemin ne reste pas pour le moins jonché de nombreux défis, notamment celui de la sécurité, liée à l'utilisation croissante de logiciels embarqués devenus très complexes. Face à cette complexité grandissante, les méthodes manuelles traditionnelles d'analyse de la sécurité basées sur des documents ont atteint leur limite et il est temps de repenser les approches. Nous proposons pour cela de nous appuyer sur l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles pour mener les analyses de sécurité non plus directement à partir des documents de conception mais d'un modèle de l'architecture du logiciel embarqué. Nous faisons en ce sens une proposition méthodologique, qui, validée sur l'étude d'un composant logiciel automobile, améliore les pratiques actuelles en temps, en qualité des analyses et en réutilisation. Abstract-The advent of autonomous vehicles was long seen as an event that would revolutionize the world of transportation and improve the comfort and safety of users. Although this optimism is shared by most people and significant technological progress has been made in this direction, the road ahead offers many challenges, particularly in the area of safety, due to the increasing use of embedded software that has become very complex. Faced with this growing complexity, traditional manual, document-based methods of safety analysis have reached their limits and it is time to rethink approaches. We propose to rely on model-driven engineering to conduct safety analyses no longer directly from design documents but from a model of the embedded software architecture. To this goal, we make a methodological proposal, which, validated on the study of an automotive software component, improves current practices in time, analysis quality and reuse.

RÉSUMÉ. Une approche à base de composants permet de construire des applications complexes à partir de composants “sur étagère”, provenant de différents marchés. Dans ce paradigme, l'effort de développement réside dans la sélection des composants qui ...

This paper presents a new approach for knowledge extraction from patent document for the use of design engineers. It is based on the Inventive Design Method (IDM) which derives from TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving whose goal is to theorize about the act of inventing partly on the bases of patent’s observation. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to au-tomatically extract IDM concepts from patent document, using generic linguistic markers. This paper which is the continuation of a previous work, it mainly focus-es on the retrieval of parameters which characterize the main components of con-tradictions related to an artifact evolution bottlenecks.

Component-based software engineering allows to build complex applications with commercial off-the-shelf components from various markets and libraries. In such a paradigm, development effort lies in the selection of the components that fit the best to the needs of an application. In order to select the best component among the available ones, we must compare them on a common basis. Therefore, it is necessary to transform these components’ description models into a unique format. In this paper, we show that this translation can be realized by using model transformation techniques. We validated this approach on ComponentSource component market. MOTS-CLÉS : Sélection de composants logiciels, ingénierie dirigée par les modèles, transformation de modèles, ATL

A partire dai tardi anni Ottanta la Warp Records di Sheffield (e in seguito Londra) ha avuto un ruolo propulsivo nel mutamento della musica elettronica popular come genere di musica che non si limita all’accompagna-mento del ballo e delle occasioni sociali a esso correlate. Uno dei fattori chiave nel successo dell’etichetta è stato l’uso creativo delle possibilità artistiche offerte dalla tecnologia, favorendo la formazione di un’identità ben caratterizzata, in primo luogo dal punto di vista audiovisivo. Sotto questo profilo un ruolo fondamentale ha giocato la possibilità di transcodifica tra dati audio e video nell’era digitale, potenzialmente soggetti agli stessi processi di trasformazione, elaborazione e manipolazione. Nonostante la Warp Records abbia ripetutamente resistito a ogni tentativo di inquadrare il proprio progetto artistico entro coordinate prevedibili, i suoi prodotti – specialmente videoclip e compilation – suggeriscono la presenza di un immaginario condiviso costruito in maniera retrospettiva. I suoi elementi costitutivi si basano sul ricorso a stilemi appartenenti ai generi cinematografici e musicali, oltre che a una serie di strategie costruttive comuni, contribuendo a definire la posizione estetica dell’etichetta nel contesto della popular culture.

Starting from the late 1980s Sheffield (then London) based Warp Records pushed forward the extent and scope of electronic dance music well beyond its exclusive focus on fun and physical enjoinment. One of the key factors in the success of the label was the creative use of the artistic possibilities provided by technology, which fostered the birth of a distinctive audiovisual identity. In this respect a crucial role was played by the increasing blurred boundaries between video and audio data, subjected to shared processes of digital transformation, transcoding, elaboration and manipulation. Although Warp Records repeatedly resisted the attempts to frame its artistic project within predictable lines, its production –especially music videos and compilations– suggests the retrospective construction of a consistent imagery. Its basic elements are rooted in a productive exchange between stylistic features belonging to cinematic and musical genre conventions, as well as relying to a common set of constructive strategies, claiming its own aesthetical position within contemporary popular culture.