IGI Global

During the pandemic, global life has been adversely affected. These negativities have been observed in different dimensions, especially in health, economy, and education. The pandemic has also deeply affected many industries such as tourism. With the pandemic, damages have increased gradually in terms of both supply and demand. In this process, the view of the local people, one of the most important stakeholders of the tourism, towards tourism and tourists is very important. As a matter of fact, while there are health problems and social distance obligations that dominate the whole world on the one hand, economic concerns are dominant on the other hand. In this dilemma, the question that arises is whether COVID-`9 is a new barrier to local community interaction. In this study, based on this question, pandemic-induced social changes are evaluated in the context of local people tourism and tourist.

Wireless mesh networks have numerous advantages in terms of connectivity as well as reliability. Traditionally, the nodes in wireless mesh networks are equipped with a single radio, but the limitations are lower throughput and limited use of the available wireless channel. To overcome this, the recent advances in wireless mesh networks are based on a multi-channel multi-radio approach. Channel assignment is a technique that selects the best channel for a node or to the entire network just to increase the network capacity. To maximize the throughput and the capacity of the network, multiple channels with multiple radios were introduced in these networks. In this work, algorithms are developed to improve throughput, minimize delay, reduce average energy consumption, and increase the residual energy for multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks. Recent Trends in Channel Assignment Techniques in Wireless Mesh Networks

Human beings are, by nature, self-aware beings. This capacity lets us know who we are, how we do things, and what we (and others) are doing at any particular moment. In organizations, self-awareness is an essential prerequisite for effective action, decision-making, and learning processes. However, it must be built and maintained by continuous interactions among their members. This chapter lays out the foundations of a comprehensive high-level modeling framework as a means for enhancing organizational self-awareness. The modeling framework encompasses an architecture and ontology, which puts together human, social, and organizational approaches with modeling frameworks coming from the computer sciences and IS/IT fields. The proposed approach is illustrated with two example applications which use the finer-grained concepts of the framework. An analysis of the implications of this approach and issues to be addressed is provided.

There have been a variety of predictive models capable of handling binary targets, ranging from traditional logistic regression to modern neural networks. However, when the target variable represents a rare event, these models might not be appropriate as they assume that the distribution in the target variable is balanced. In this article, the impact of multiple resampling methods on conventional predictive models is studied. These resampling techniques include the methods of oversampling of the rare events, undersampling of the common events in the data, and synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). The predictive models of decision trees, logistic regression and rule induction are applied with SAS Enterprise Miner (EM) software to the revised data. The studied data set is of home mortgage applications which includes a target variable with an occurrence rate of the rare event being 0.8%. The authors varied the percentage of the rare event from the original of 0.8% up to 5...

This chapter aims to present mental representations by seven audiovisual specialists on Sirena, the antagonist of a noir fictional story in a multilinear interactive short film script. To this end, a reception study was created with in-depth interviews with specialists after reading the script to discuss its several aspects. This approach is of qualitative character. The study was conducted between June and October 2015 in São Paulo, Brazil. It is possible to perceive that participants have interpreted the character differently in spite of its consistent build. We could verify that the mental representation of the antagonist was aided by the world-view and experience of each interviewed specialist, which has led to unique readings of the character.

Last decade has brought several advanced technologies for journalists. This in turn brought in a new era of revolutionary concepts of journalism. One among those concepts is citizen journalism. Citizen journalism is a concept in media that refers to journalistic activities of ordinary people. It means citizens themselves report the issues confronting them. Although the practice of citizen journalism existed even centuries before, it is the new media only that have accelerated its pace in contemporary times. The proposed chapter, ‘Citizen Journalism: News Gathering by Amateurs', presents a detailed description of various aspects of citizen journalism, including its concept, parameters, significance, limitations and types. It provides a detailed history and evolution of citizen journalism. It reveals that citizen journalism has a history older than professional journalism. The chapter also draws a comparison between citizen journalism and mainstream journalism. Moreover, it presen...

Currency counterfeiting is a serious matter of concern for government and national finance organizations. The policy makers have formed a zero tolerance policy for counterfeiting, but still the incidence of counterfeit notes is becoming an alarming situation. The counterfeited banknotes reduce the value of real money and an increase in the money supply is not just a solution, because it leads to inflation. Counterfeiting poses tangible as well as intangible impacts and affects business organizations and thereby a nation's economy. Therefore, the research study aims to identify the factors that affects the counterfeiting in Indian banknotes. Questionnaire as a data collection instrument was used to collect data from the north-west region of Delhi. The factors were then identified through exploratory factor analysis and standardized using a confirmatory factor analysis. At last, the relative effect of each factor was measured using multiple regression analysis as a part of confirm...

Despite the independency of companies in a supply chain as a network of separated business units which produce altogether the value for final customers, companies are dependent on resources and information of other members of the supply chains. To manage the use of resources and information, supply chain management plays a major role to coordinate independent companies by using the coordination mechanisms. According to the literature of supply chain management, some mechanisms largely use the information shared by members to achieve an optimal solution and some others are based on minimum level of information sharing. Planning based on minimum level of information sharing could increase the complexity of supply chain management and the complexity is ever higher when number of independent members in a supply network augments. This research addresses the problem coordination in a supply chain with more than two partners, while the information in a private element, which is not exchang...

The organization of Akhism (Ahilik) is an example of non-formal education, established on Anatolian soil in the 13th century. With its women's branch-Bajiyan-ı Rum/ Bacılık/sisterhood-it aims to educate women professionally and helps women contribute to society. It is expected from women and men to be good and moral individuals, tradesmen, craftsmen, or traders. By doing their jobs well, they managed to achieve economic stability in society. Women were given the opportunity to have entrepreneurial characteristics in the community and to do their best in line with their own abilities. Akhism/Bacılık system affected the Turkish states and education systems established on Anatolian lands. The effect also continues today. In this chapter, which is a literature review, what the Akhism/Bajiyan-ı Rum system is, its place in the vocational education of women, and its effect on today were discussed.

Cloud computing transforms the way Information Technology (IT) is consumed and managed, promising improved cost efficiencies, accelerated innovation, faster time-to-market, and the ability to scale applications on demand (Leighton, 2009). According to Gartner, while the hype grew exponentially during 2008 and continued since, it is clear that there is a major shift towards the cloud computing model and that the benefits may be substantial (Gartner Hype-Cycle, 2012). However, as the shape of cloud computing is emerging and developing rapidly both conceptually and in reality, the legal/contractual, economic, service quality, interoperability, security, and privacy issues still pose significant challenges. In this chapter, the authors describe various service and deployment models of cloud computing and identify major challenges. In particular, they discuss three critical challenges: regulatory, security, and privacy issues in cloud computing. Some solutions to mitigate these challenge...

Reading and learning about religious information is a habit that Saudis practice to increase their understanding of Islamic rules. It is common now for people to learn about religion from social media. Therefore, the study reports on a survey that was distributed to people in Saudi Arabia to investigate the use of social media technologies for religious information seeking. The objective is to determine if Saudis utilize social media to search for religious information and to understand their information-seeking behaviors when using such a resource. In addition, the study is an attempt to investigate how religious information on social media changes and influences people, and what obstacles and difficulties Saudis encounter when they use social media to obtain religious information.

Collaborative Transportation Management (CTM) is a collaboration model in transportation area. The use of CTM in today's business process is to create efficiency in transportation planning and execution processes. However, previous research paid little attention to demonstrate the ability for all agents in CTM to co-create value in services. The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of value co-creation in CTM area and learning processes in real systems based on value co-creation of CTM. Multiple case studies were used to analyze the value that was perceived by all agents in CTM in each collaboration stage and provided empirical evidence on the interactions among agents. Model-free reinforcement learning was used to predict how CTM could reduce transportation cost, increase visibility, and improve agility. The simulation results show that the input, feedback, and the experience of the agents are used to structure the collaboration processes and determine the str...

This chapter presents a detailed description of the powerful and necessary role technology can play in higher education in the current information-age. This article calls for a Personalized Integrated Educational System (PIES), a comprehensive and integrated application of technology to the learning process, which will provide four primary roles for student learning: record keeping, planning, instruction, and assessment. Each of these four major roles is described in terms of the functions it provides to support student learning. Finally, secondary roles such as communication and general data administration are described in order to illustrate the systemic nature of PIES technology necessary to fully support the learner-centered approach that is essential in the information-age paradigm of higher education.

This study examines that in what aspects the levels of leaders' emotional intelligence in chaos and complexity situations can affect the organizations. Also, in this study the dimensions of emotional intelligence which are closely related to social life and organizational systems will be considered in terms of chaos and complexity theories. At the same time in this study, how a situation that appears to be complex but has an order inside and has the potential to be directed with small interventions can be handled by a leader that has a high capacity of using his/her emotional intelligence will be scrutinised. Additionally, this study will present the advantages of some leader capabilities (such as personal and interpersonal relationships, stress management, adaptability, general mood, empathy, motivation and self-awareness) in the management of the organizations in the context of chaos and complexity theories. Last but not least, the effect of emotional intelligence level in the...

The engendering of uncertain data in ordinary access news sources, for example, news sites, web-based life channels, and online papers, have made it trying to recognize capable news sources, along these lines expanding the requirement for computational instruments ready to give into the unwavering quality of online substance. For instance, counterfeit news outlets were observed to be bound to utilize language that is abstract and enthusiastic. At the point when specialists are chipping away at building up an AI-based apparatus for identifying counterfeit news, there wasn't sufficient information to prepare their calculations; they did the main balanced thing. In this chapter, two novel datasets for the undertaking of phony news locations, covering distinctive news areas, distinguishing proof of phony substance in online news has been considered. N-gram model will distinguish phony substance consequently with an emphasis on phony audits and phony news. This was pursued by a lot o...

Dr. Eby has over twenty-five years experience in focusing on the democratic and multicultural aspects of distance education; finding new answers, viewpoints, and explanations to online communication problems through critical pedagogy; improving learner critical thinking skills through project-based online learning. She continues to manage and provide pedagogical support for distance learning programs.

Agile mode projects are increasingly popular among IT Department, including the most complex organizations. The deployment of agility on a larger scale fits over a long period because the motivations are part of a persistent setting. The deployment of large-scale agility is therefore based on a deep and lasting transformation of the organization. In order to support transformational business changes, IT must streamline the top-down process of new IT processes. The success of an IT service and asset management depends on innovation, agility, and efficiency to accompany the transformation of the organization from a traditional vision to a digital vision. The aim of this article is to propose a practical agile framework to improve IT service and asset management ITSM/ITAM processes through a case study in the organization. The finding will help organizations to assess their capabilities and to address the procedural, technical and human aspects of IT service and asset management.

The authors study collaborative modeling by analyzing conversations and loud thinking during modeling sessions and the resulting models themselves. They identify the basic activities of the modeling teams on the social, pragmatic, semantic and syntactic levels and derive a schema for the pragmatic level. The authors’ main conclusion is that team-based modeling is largely a negotiation process. Drawing on these results the authors derive an architecture of a system that supports the distributed development of conceptual models.

Recruitment of young talented players is a critical activity for most professional teams in different sports such as football, soccer, basketball, baseball, cycling, etc. In the past, the selection of the most promising players was done just by relying on the experts’ opinion, but without a systematic data support. Nowadays, the existence of large amounts of data and powerful analytical tools have raised the interest in making informed decisions based on data analysis and data-driven methods. Hence, most professional clubs are integrating data scientists to support managers with data-intensive methods and techniques that can identify the best candidates and predict their future evolution. This paper reviews existing work on the use of data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning methods in talent acquisition. A numerical case study, based on real-life data, is also included to illustrate some of the potential applications of business analytics in sport talent acquis...

Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, and computers have become an integral part of America’s entertainment, communication, and information culture. Since the mid-1990s, ICT has become prevalent in middle- and upper-class American households. Companies and government agencies are increasingly offering products, services, and information online. Educational institutions are integrating ICT in their curriculum and are offering courses from a distance.

Local food production is becoming increasingly popular in developed post-modern economies. Attention has been directed to developing such forms of food supply by adapting information connectivity. A case study of a local food network in Norway indicates that local food supply paradoxically attempts to mimic the dominant industrialised modes of food production. It is suggested that the fact that local food supply is “personal” and associated with close proximity makes it more closely resemble service supply chains. Applying contingency theory, a conceptual model is developed that indicates how the local food supply must take into consideration the degree to which customer value is associated with tailoring food supply. The high need for tailored local food production implies that information connectivity should support mutual adaptation while, in cases of less need for tailoring information, connectivity should seek automation. Local food production is always a hybrid of these approa...

The term big data refers to the data that exceeds the processing or analyzing capacity of existing database management systems. The inability of existing DBMS to handle big data is due to its large volume, high velocity, pertaining veracity, heterogeneous variety, and on-atomic values. Nowadays, healthcare plays a vital role in everyone's life. It becomes a very large and open platform for everyone to do all kinds of research work without affecting human life. When it comes to disease, there are so many types found all over the world. But among them, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease that spreads so quickly and can easily turn life to death. There are many studies going on to create drugs to cure this deadly disease, but until now, there has been no success. In cases such as this, big data is implemented for better a result, which will have a good impact on society.

Use of ecommerce technologies have been on the rise in the recent past mostly because they provide access point to the world market competitively and offer a means to which efficiency in the way of conducting business is maintained. Whereas all those benefits sound good and entice so many users to venture into this technology, ecommerce technological trust and security services are on the weighing scale and these two factors are perceived to be the most important factors that affect users' intentions to use ecommerce technologies. Considering the rise of cyber-crime activities in the world and hearing of sad stories of cybercrime offenses particularly in developing countries, this chapter then investigates the challenges of ecommerce and how such challenges have posed serious setbacks in regard to the use and adoption of ecommerce and suggest solutions to curb this challenges for the betterment of global trade and efficiency in way business is conducted through such platform. Th...

This chapter looks to analyze three aspects skill: premium or wage incentive, existence of skill-biased technical change, and problems with current vocational training programs prevailing in India. All these three aspects will be analyzed with a gender-based approach specifically looking at female outcomes in comparison to male outcomes. This study would also throw some light on why labor force participation rate has been low in the case of females in India. Using NSSO data, it is found that skill premium was falling for women in labor-intensive sectors and rising in capital-intensive sectors, but it had no major effect on skill premium of total workforce due to low female labor force participation rate. Overall skill premium is stagnant for total workforce, and capital skill complementarity is not present in case of Indian economy. Movement of labor in Indian economy has been from one unskilled sector (agriculture) to another unskilled sector (construction). The study also finds th...

In this qualitative study, literacy practices of “struggling” seventh and eighth graders were recorded on videotape as they engaged in both traditional and new literacies practices in an after-school video games club. These recordings were analyzed in the context of building comprehension skills with video games. The students struggled with reading and are characterized as unmotivated and disengaged by the school, which may be at the root of their inability to use comprehension strategies. Playing video games is viewed here as a literate practice, and was seen to be more engaging than traditional activities (such as reading school text, writing journals, etc.). The conclusion of this observation makes connections to current research in comprehension and provides a basis for teachers to use games to develop comprehension and learning.

Security along the international border is a critical process in security assessment; It must be exercised the 24x7. With the advancements in wireless IoT technology, it has become much easier to design, develop and deploy a cost-effective, automatic and efficient system for intrusion detection in the context of surveillance. This paper set up to set up the most efficient surveillance solution, we propose a Border Surveillance Systems and sensitive sites. this surveillance and security system is to detect and track intruders trespassing into the monitoring area along the border, it able which triggers off precocious alerts and valuation necessary for the catch of efficient measurements in case of a threat. Our system is based on the classification of the human gestures drawn from videos envoy by Drones equipped with cameras and sensors in real-time. All accomplished experimentation and acquired results showed the benefit diverted from the use of our system and therefore it enables o...

Little but increasing research has been done about the influence of blogs in the consumer decision-making process. This paper tries to shed some light on this new scenario, analyzing how bloggers are now a key player in the fashion industry, and explaining how they create a closer and more qualified relationship with customers, so they can be more influential. Based on a case study, and considering different approaches to bloggers influence, this article makes it clear that measuring the engagement between bloggers and readers is significant for brands and their marketing strategies with bloggers.

Radford University ahatma Gandhi developed an integrated world view within the very specific contexts of his struggles for justice and freedom in South Africa and India. Much of his thought regarding such basic concepts as satyagraha (clinging to truth), ahimsa (nonviolence), swaraj (self-determination, independence), and sarvodaya (the welfare of all) was articulated in the light of concrete struggles. Although some scholars have undertaken the task of extrapolating Gandhi's world view in terms of a general philosophy of liberation, i these studies have not generally extrapolated the theme of world federalism that Gandhi occasionally mentions in his writings. This paper will argue that Gandhi's relevance for the 21 st century requires delineating the larger scope of his vision in relation to our contemporary situation and seeing the possibility of concretely actualizing that vision within the world federalism advocated by the Constitution for the Federation of Earth. ii Many studies correctly focus on satyagraha as a "clinging to truth" integral to the struggle against injustice and oppressive government, as a form of nonviolent resistance dedicated to breaking the cycle of violence and winning over the oppressors through transforming their hearts, allowing them to recognize the gigantic Truth that encompasses us all. While fundamental, this focus on satyagraha as resistance omits the deeper moral and theoretical framework implicit in Gandhi's work that points toward a transformed conception of human life, society, and the role of government. I will attempt to extrapolate the ways in which Gandhi's thought suggests the development of the global rule of law, administered by persons awakened M

This paper is aimed specifically at readers perturbed with masterpiece systems unavailable in augur to lavish commercial or scientific enterprises. It examines the state of thing and logic of the various weight attacks, and surveys the defense options available. It concludes that IT owners require inventing of the test in greater global grain of salt, and to study a new bring to a meet and elevation to their defense. Prompt cook up a storm can protect a hobby improvement in IT power of endurance at a modest along a coast cost, both in grain of salt of uphold and in skepticism of healthy IT operation. Cyber Security plays a suited role in the knowledge of computer aided learning as amply as Internet services. Our credit is forever drawn on "Cyber Security" when we hear roughly "Cyber Crimes". Our alternately thought on "National Cyber Security" as a consequence a start on how helpful is our common people for handling "Cyber Crimes".

Smart cities have attracted an extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been being criticized for not being able to realize its potential and for being a vendor hype. This paper reviews different conceptualization, benchmarks and evaluations of the smart city concept. Eight different classes of smart city conceptualization models have been discovered, which structure the unified conceptualization model and concern smart city facilities (i.e., energy, water, IoT etc.), services (i.e., health, education etc.), governance, planning and management, architecture, data and people. Benchmarking though is still ambiguous and different perspectives are followed by the researchers that measure -and recently monitor- various factors, which somehow exceed typical technolo...

The focus of this chapter is on the progressive adaptation of database techniques to Web usage in a way quite similar to the evolution from integrated file management systems to database management systems. We review related and open issues, such as the semi-structured data and XML, integrity problem, query optimization problem, and integration issues in both the Web and Semantic

This study examined the political and environmental factors as determinants to apply forensic accounting in the North-Western states of Nigeria. The study utilized primary data through the administration of questionnaires. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling (using smart PLS3 statistical software) was employed for the main analysis. The findings of the study indicated that both political and environmental factors are positively related to applying forensic accounting in these states. The study recommended that all political office holders and other government personnel should, even with the change of government, use their powers to ensure the right way to move forward and the continuity of state policies to apply forensic accounting. State governments should also provide an enabling environment for the applicability of forensic accounting through the provision of the required infrastructure to carry out the forensic services smoothly.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of interest over the last decade in wireless and mobile computing research community.  Applications of WSNs are numerous and growing, which range from indoor deployment scenarios in the home and office to outdoor deployment in adversary’s territory in a tactical battleground. However, due to distributed nature and their deployment in remote areas, these networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats that can adversely affect their performance. This problem is more critical if the network is deployed for some mission-critical applications such as in a tactical battlefield. Random failure of nodes is also very likely in real-life deployment scenarios. Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, traditional security mechanisms with large overhead of computation and communication are infeasible in WSNs. Design and implementation of secure WSNs is, therefore, a particularly challenging task. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the state of the art in security technologies for WSNs. It identifies various possible attacks at different layers of the communication protocol stack in a typical WSN and presents their possible countermeasures. A brief discussion on the future direction of research in WSN security is also included.

Information retrieval is finding material of unstructured nature within large collections stored on computers. Surface web consists of indexed content accessible by traditional browsers whereas deep or hidden web content cannot be found with traditional search engines and requires a password or network permissions. In deep web, dark web is also growing as new tools make it easier to navigate hidden content and accessible with special software like Tor. According to a study by Nature, Google indexes no more than 16% of the surface web and misses all of the deep web. Any given search turns up just 0.03% of information that exists online. So, the key part of the hidden web remains inaccessible to the users. This chapter deals with positing some questions about this research. Detailed definitions, analogies are explained, and the chapter discusses related work and puts forward all the advantages and limitations of the existing work proposed by researchers. The chapter identifies the nee...

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A culture of fear, control, and meaninglessness can effectively kill the entrepreneurial spirit within an organization. This chapter will explore why such a culture typically takes root and how it is deadly for the organization's entrepreneurial orientation. The chapter is based on an interdisciplinary reflective analysis done by exploring disciplines including depth psychology, neuroscience, positive psychology, and organizational behavior. The chapter argues from the perspectives of these disciplines that it is perhaps the factor of safety, risk-taking, collaboration, and meaningfulness if present in organizational culture that will eventually cultivate the spirit of entrepreneurship in an organization. While discussing these factors, the chapter also explains how seemingly irrational forces of the unconscious mind keep the leadership from adopting a behavior which is fundamentally important in fostering a culture where entrepreneurial behavior takes root. The chapter also exp...

The aim of this chapter is to study the main impacts of social media on business value and performance. ICT can be a resource in resource-based perspective, becoming itself a possible source of competitive advantage (in terms of performance and value creation). A proactively tailored organization strategy can drive the people, processes, and systems, harmoniously pulling all the stakeholders in unison. Social media can bring in the commitment of the workforce and ensure involved, flexible, innovative working practices, improving the quality of work. When properly used, they can build organizations to more flexible structures, sharing services, competitiveness and interdependencies. The business processes can be harmonized by standard operating procedures, automated systems of agreed quality, prime up the competency development and facilitate clear career paths. Refining suppleness to work in tune to market demands and supplementing employee satisfaction can foster the development of...

Dr. Manta P. Elena Otilia- author chapter- Financial Technologies (FinTech), Instruments, mechanisms, and financial products in the current context of artificial intelligence and globalization "FinTech not only transforms the financial services industry but also enables financial inclusion and the opportunity to help more than 2 billion people around the world who today have no access to financial services." - Henry Arslanian

The aim of this study is to analyze meteorological data obtained from the various expeditions made to the Indian stations in Antarctica over recent years and determine how significantly the weather has shown a marked change over the years. For any time series data analysis, there are two main goals: (a) the authors need to identify the nature of the phenomenon from the sequence of observations and (b) predict the future data. On account of these goals, the pattern in the time series data and its variability are to be accurately identified. This paper can then interpret and integrate the pattern established with its associated meteorological datasets collected in Antarctica. Using the data analytics knowledge the validity of interpretation for the given datasets a pattern has been identified, which could extrapolate the pattern towards prediction. To ease the time series data analysis, the authors developed online meteorological data analytic portal at NCPOR, Goa http://data.ncaor.go...

Creativity is stochastic and assumptive in nature. The importance of randomness in the creative process must not be ignored, underestimated, or intentionally disregarded in a condescending way. Notions of chance, randomness, or unpredictability are important, especially when it comes to artistic creation. In addition to these notions, serendipity can be seen as the expected contribution for making expedient discoveries by coincidence or by chance. To put serendipity into work, a need exists to accumulate a list of questions that need solving, acquaintance with already existing answers, and their use in daily life. Only when this knowledge is present, ‘chance’ can take its part in establishing the perfect milieu for the ‘problem’ and the ‘solution’ to find each other. If there is a great deal of knowledge accrued about the problem and the requisites for the solution, chance adds the final piece to the puzzle. Traditional ‘prescriptive, authoritarian and rather conventional’ aesthetic...