IP networks

The novelty of the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm relies on two main concepts: cooperation among users and resource sharing. There are many applications based on peer-to-peer paradigm, but the most popular one is the file sharing. We can classify the file sharing application into centralized systems, (having a central server), and decentralized systems. Another classification would be structured and unstructured systems,

The concept of energy-efficient networking has begun to spread in the past few years, gaining increasing popularity. Besides the widespread sensitivity to ecological issues, such interest also stems from economic needs, since both energy costs and electrical requirements of telcos' and Internet Service Providers' infrastructures around the world show a continuously growing trend. In this respect, a common opinion among networking researchers is that the sole introduction of low consumption silicon technologies may not be enough to effectively curb energy requirements. Thus, for disruptively boosting the network energy efficiency, these hardware enhancements must be integrated with ad-hoc mechanisms that explicitly manage energy saving, by exploiting network-specific features. This paper aims at providing a twofold contribution to green networking. At first, we explore current perspectives in power consumption for next generation networks. Secondly, we provide a detailed survey on emerging technologies, projects, and work-in-progress standards, which can be adopted in networks and related infrastructures in order to reduce their carbon footprint. The considered approaches range from energy saving techniques for networked hosts, to technologies and mechanisms for designing nextgeneration and energy-aware networks and networking equipment.

Recent measurements show that BGP peering links can fail as frequently as intradomain links and usually for short periods of time. We propose a new fast-reroute technique where routers are prepared to react quickly to interdomain link failures. For each of its interdomain links, a router precomputes a protection tunnel, i.e. an IP tunnel to an alternate nexthop which can reach the same destinations as via the protected link. We propose a BGP-based auto-discovery technique that allows each router to learn the candidate protection tunnels for its links. Each router selects the best protection tunnels for its links and when it detects an interdomain link failure, it immediately encapsulates the packets to send them through the protection tunnel. Our solution is applicable for the links between large transit ISPs and also for the links between multi-homed stub networks and their providers. Furthermore, we show that transient forwarding loops (and thus the corresponding packet losses) can be avoided during the routing convergence that follows the deactivation of a protection tunnel in BGP/MPLS VPNs and in IP networks using encapsulation.

This paper applies to cross traffic estimation, a new methodology for analyzing and interpreting measurement collected over Internet. This new approach is based on inferring cross traffic characteristics that lead to the observed losses by using an associated a priori constructive model.

Human error in configuring routers undermines attempts to provide reliable, predictable end-to-end performance on IP networks. Manual configuration, while expensive and errorprone, is the dominant mode of operation, especially for large enterprise networks. These networks often lack the basic building blocks-an accurate equipment inventory, a debugged initial configuration, and a specification of local configuration policies-to support the holy grail of automation. We argue that migrating an existing network to automated configuration is a rich and challenging research problem rooted in data analysis and in the modeling of network protocols and operational practices. We propose a novel, bottom-up approach that proceeds in three phases: (i) analysis of configuration data to summarize the existing network state and uncover configuration problems; (ii) data mining to identify the network's local configuration policies and violations of these policies; and ultimately (iii) boot-strapping of a database to drive future configuration changes. The first stage reduces the number of errors, the second normalizes the local policies, and the third prevents new errors and reduces the manpower needed to configure the network. We describe the architecture of our EDGE tool for steps (i) and (ii), and present some examples from our experiences applying the tool to several large enterprise networks.

We present a model of energy consumption in IP networks. Using this model, we identify energy ldquohotspotsrdquo and estimate how energy consumption will grow with increasing network capacity. Todaypsilas Internet uses less than 1% of the available electricity supply. However, network energy consumption could grow substantially as access rates increase.

After a year of testing and demonstrating a Cisco mobile access router intended for terrestrial use onboard the low-Earth-orbiting UK-DMC satellite as part of a larger merged ground/space IP-based internetwork, we reflect on and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of integration and standards reuse for small satellite missions. Benefits include ease of operation and the ability to leverage existing systems and infrastructure designed for general use, as well as reuse of existing, known, and well-understood security and operational models. Drawbacks include cases where integration work was needed to bridge the gaps in assumptions between different systems, and where performance considerations outweighed the benefits of reuse of pre-existing file transfer protocols. We find similarities with the terrestrial IP networks whose technologies we have adopted-and also some significant differences in operational models and assumptions that must be considered.

This paper presents a real-time auditory and visual tracking of multiple objects for humanoid under real-world environments. Real-time processing is crucial for sensorimotor tasks in tracking, and multiple-object tracking is crucial for real-world applications. Multiple sound source tracking needs perception of a mixture of sounds and cancellation of motor noises caused by body movements. However its real-time processing has not been reported yet. Real-time tracking is attained by fusing information obtained by sound source localization, multiple face recognition, speaker tracking, focus of attention control, and motor control. Auditory streams with sound source direction are extracted by active audition system with motor noise cancellation capability from 48 KHz sampling sounds. Visual streams with face ID and 3D-position are extracted by combining skincolor extraction, correlation-based matching, and multiple-scale image generation from a single camera. These auditory and visual streams are associated by comparing the spatial location, and associated streams are used to control focus of attention. Auditory, visual, and association processing are performed asynchronously on different PC's connected by TCP/IP network. The resulting system implemented on an upper-torso humanoid can track multiple objects with the delay of 200 msec, which is forced by visual tracking and network latency.

Brute force and dictionary attacks on password-only remote login services are now widespread and ever increasing. Enabling convenient login for legitimate users while preventing such attacks is a difficult problem. Automated Turing Tests (ATTs) continue to be an effective, easy-to-deploy approach to identify automated malicious login attempts with reasonable cost of inconvenience to users. In this paper, we discuss the

The growing demand for link bandwidth and node capacity is a frequent phenomenon in IP network backbones. Within this context, traffic prediction is essential for the network operator. Traffic prediction can be undertaken based on link traffic or on origin-destination (OD) traffic which presents better results. This work investigates a methodology for traffic prediction based on multidimensional OD traffic, focusing on the stage of short-term traffic prediction using Principal Components Analysis as a technique for dimensionality reduction and a Local Linear Model based on K-means as a technique for prediction and trend analysis. The results validated with data on a real network present a satisfactory margin of error for use in practical situations.

Recently, the network management of sensor nodes has gained interest as more sensors are being networked with Internet technologies as opposed to traditional instrumentation and measurement networks. Sensor networking standardization efforts lead a more interoperable way of identification and communication among sensors, and networking technologies provide multiple-access mechanisms to a high number of sensors. The convergence of sensor networking toward internetworking provides flexibility in protocol development for network management. This paper presents a novel demonstration of such a convergence by utilizing a common network management protocol, i.e., Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and a sensor networking standardization effort, i.e., Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS). The TEDS information for two types of sensors has been transferred to the SNMP domain through a novel management information base design, and the network management system has been implemented on an actual testbed.

A virtual control environment for robot teleoperation via the Internet is presented. It comprises a Java3D-based real-time virtual representation of the robot and worksite, and uses a graphic panel, an environment for remote robot programming, and a dataglove with a 6D position tracker as the control interfaces. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) techniques for Internet teleoperation allow: (1) time delays inherent in IP networks to be suppressed, and the operator's work to be simplified and accelerated, compared to methods that use delayed TV images. The system realisation, with its use of open technologies Java, Java3D and 3-tier client/server architecture, provides portability among different computer platforms and types of robots. The efficiency of the VR-based methods developed has been verified for slow communication rates (0.1-0.5 KB/sec), where TVbased control methods are inapplicable. VR systems have been developed for the WWW-based control of the PUMA and CRS industrial robot manipulators. The particulars of these systems, the experiments undertaken, current issues, and directions of future work are presented.

This paper reflects different understandings and positions on IP/MPLS OAM functions and management applications, as perceived by representatives from industry and academia. There is a clear effort to improve the state-of-the-art and to apply lessons learnt from the Ethernet/ATM approaches. A series of questions on the short-term, mid-term and long-term directions definitively arises, especially with regard to the separation of control and management functions. The questions mentioned below do not exhaustively cover the topic. Instead, the questions serve as a starting point for a discussion on methodologies to apply, on engineering requirements to consider, and on the technical challenges to resolve harnessing this next stage of evolution of heterogeneous networking. The panel guests present their perception on these issues. What are the lessons learnt from ATM and Ethernet OAM techniques that are oriented to a single network technology? What is equivalent of OAM appropriate for IP/[G]MPLS (it has to be more at link level rather than connection level)? What MPLS MIB information is intended to support OAM functions? What are the challenges on OAM in hybrid and multi-layer networks? How will management systems of next generation networks (NGN) and GRID networks make use of the OAM functions and what else is needed to smoothen the controlmanagement interactions? What is the impact of convergent IP networking and autonomic networking on OAM functions and their distribution? How much proactiveness can management applications achieve with and without OAM functionalities? K e y w o r d s -O A M : I P / M P L S ; p r o a c t i v e management; data mining; heterogeneous networks; [G]MPLS; autonomic systems

Knowledge of the up-to-date network topology (i.e. Layer 2 & Layer 3) is crucial for efficient network management. Issues like congestion avoidance, resource management, resource discovery, root-cause analysis and event correlation require accurate information of the topology map. Due to dynamic nature of today's IP networks, keeping track of topology information manually is a daunting task. Thus efficient algorithms for automatically discovering physical network topology are necessary. The earlier work has typically concentrated on discovering topology either using completely SNMP-MIB or ICMP echo request/reply, DNS, Trace route, etc. Our proposed algorithm does not rely totally on SNMP-MIB information as it is not usually supported by all devices in the network. Instead we propose an approach where SNMP agent should only be enabled on the routers and managed switches. Rest of the network computers/hosts need not have SNMP agent enabled. We propose an efficient algorithm not only to find available computers/hosts but also to find appropriate timeouts and delays in the network. The experimental results validate our approach, demonstrating that our algorithm discovers accurate physical topology.

Network planning for realtime services in traditional systems is normally performed based on a fixed traffic demand. Realtime services such as voice and video are currently being widely deployed over packet-based IP networks. Due to the lack of resource control mechanisms in IP networks, the actual traffic during network operation may easily deviate from the given mean traffic matrix values. As realtime services impose stringent quality of service (QoS) constraints, any traffic deviation inside the network might lead to severe quality degradation if any of the links provides insufficient service rate for the available traffic at any time. In this work, we highlight the significance of this problem and propose an effective approach to provide a highly robust network against traffic deviation. By means of both analytical and simulation studies, we study the distribution of realtime connections over an enterprise IP network and show how capacity needs of realtime traffic are affected when various resource control mechanisms are employed. In addition, we study the resulting tradeoff between capacity needs and traffic QoS parameters including packet loss and blocking probability.

In this paper, in a laboratory environment, the performance of four network traffic generators (Iperf, Netperf, D-ITG and IP Traffic) are compared. Two computers with Windows operating systems were connected via a 100 Mbps link and for various payload sizes, ranging from 128 Bytes to 1408 Bytes, the TCP traffic on the link was measured using the various monitoring tools mentioned above. The results indicate that these tools can produce significantly different results. In the Windows environment, the bandwidth that the tools measure can vary as much as 16.5 Mbps for a TCP connection over a 100 Mbps link. For the same network set up, Iperf measured the highest bandwidth (93.1 Mbps) while IP traffic the lowest (76.7 Mbps). A comparison of capabilities of traffic generators is also provided.

This article examines how knowledge management (KM) affects innovation performance within biotechnology firms. This is an industry in which small-and medium-sized biotech enterprises live together with the biotech divisions of large pharmaceutical firms. We conceptualize KM as a set of practices and dynamic capabilities, and hypothesize that KM dynamic capabilities act as a mediating variable between KM practices and innovation performance. We use structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses on a ...

QoS (Quality of Service) označava sposobnost mreže da poboljša kvalitet mrežnog saobraćaja. QoS je tema koja zauzima veoma važnu ulogu kada su u pitanju tehnologije paketski baziranih mreža. U ovom radu je dat osvrt na neke od osnovnih mehanizama koji se koriste u paketskim mrežama, a koji imaju ulogu da omoguće garantovanje određenog nivoa usluge.Različiti raspoređivači i mehanizmi za upravljanje redovima čekanja se mogu iskoristiti za prioritetizaciju usluga u paketskim mrežama. QoS mehanizmi pružaju sljedeće mogućnosti: kontrola resursa, efikasnije korištenje mrežnih resursa, upravljanje zagušenjem, itd. Kontrola mrežnog saobraćaja kroz QoS mehanizme omogućava Internet provajderima da korisnicima pruže određene nivoe usluga.

With the growing competition in the global marketplace, the call center has become an essential part for many companies. The outbound technology of call center plays a very important role in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and marketing. The call center of the large service companies usually has the characteristics of wide geographical distribution, high volume of calls, high efficiency and centralized data processing. With the establishment of IP network infrastructure in many large companies, a solution of a distributed IP-based predictive dialing system is discussed, which includes the architectural design, network topological structure and system functions. In the end, the benefit of developing a predictive dialing system using the virtual call center is discussed.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), a link state routing protocol, is a popular interior gateway protocol (IGP) in the Internet. Wide spread deployment and years of experience running the protocol have motivated continuous improvements in its operation as the nature and demands of the routing infrastructures have changed. Modern routing domains need to maintain a very high level of service availability. Hence, OSPF needs to achieve fast convergence to topology changes. Also, the ever-growing size of routing domains, and possible presence of wireless mobile adhoc network (MANET) components, requires highly scalable operation on part of OSPF to avoid routing instability. Recent years have seen significant efforts aimed at improving OSPF's convergence speed as well as scalability and extending OSPF to achieve seamless integration of mobile adhoc networks with conventional wired networks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of these efforts.

El presente artículo muestra la definición y la contextualización de los tipos de tráfico elástico y no elástico en las redes de comunicaciones IP. Para hacer la explicación del concepto, se modelan simulaciones que muestres como es el comportamiento de estos tipos de tráfico. En las simulaciones se extraen gráficas que ayudan a visualizar el comportamiento que emerge de cada flujo de tráfico y como se puede conocer las propiedades del trafico en aplicaciones locales de redes IP.

Transport layer protocols provide for end-to-end communication between two or more hosts. This paper presents a tutorial on transport layer concepts and terminology, and a survey of transport layer services and protocols. The transport layer protocol TCP is used as a reference point, and compared and contrasted with nineteen other protocols designed over the past two decades. The service and protocol features of twelve of the most important protocols are summarized in both text and tables.

The research community has begun looking for IP traffic classification techniques that do not rely on 'well known' TCP or UDP port numbers, or interpreting the contents of packet payloads. New work is emerging on the use of statistical traffic characteristics to assist in the identification and classification process. This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to IP traffic classification -an inter-disciplinary blend of IP networking and data mining techniques. We provide context and motivation for the application of ML techniques to IP traffic classification, and review 18 significant works that cover the dominant period from 2004 to early 2007. These works are categorized and reviewed according to their choice of ML strategies and primary contributions to the literature. We also discuss a number of key requirements for the employment of ML-based traffic classifiers in operational IP networks, and qualitatively critique the extent to which the reviewed works meet these requirements. Open issues and challenges in the field are also discussed.

Information technology is immensely causing a positive impact in the field of communications such as telecommunication, data transfer, radio transmission and television transmission. This drastic change is happening globally and has allowed all the fields to incorporate together. The reason behind this communication transformation is the IP-based networks. The IP-based networks have immersed as the base for cheaper communication tools such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). IP-networks provide flexibility in the use of bandwidth which may be one of the reasons for it to gain more and more popularity. The aim of this study report is to explore the use of IP Networks and its usefulness in Multimedia services.

is an International Standard for connectivity and interface of digital photography devices. In this paper we describe how PTP can be extended to work over generic TCP/IP networks. As digital cameras and printers becomes wireless, PTP/IP will provide the necessary flexibility of applications infrastructure for networked digital photography 1 .

Video security is becoming more and more vital today due to rapid development of hardware equipments as the number of installed cameras can confirm. This paper presents the system architecture of IVSS, an Intelligent Video Surveillance System based on IPcameras and deployed in an academic environment. In fact, Video surveillance is increasingly found in academic institutions. It is used to oversee the safety of teachers and students, as well as to protect assets from vandalism and theft. In this work the surveillance system is deployed in our university environment, it is based on a set of digital IP video cameras linked by the university IP network infrastructure. Our system architecture is based on efficient moving object detecting and tracking algorithm and a robust statistical activity recognition framework based on SVM which is used for modeling activities. The experimental results on real-time video streams show the feasibility of our system and its effectiveness in human acti...

Corruption in construction is a fiduciary crime that is believed to slowly penetrate the construction sectors in countries around the world. It that can reduce the efficiency, effectiveness and equity of infrastructure services that resulted in construction projects that is unnecessary, unsuitable, and defective. In order to control effectively the level of corruption in construction, the critical factors of corruption

Services for video content distribution over the Internet, live and on-demand, are increasing in popularity with the dissemination of broadband access networks. This work identifies two orthogonal approaches to the great challenge of delivering television content over IP networks in a scalable manner. Commercial initiatives towards supporting television content over IP networks are currently under deployment, motivated mainly by emerging convergent multimedia networks. Commercial IPTV is typically based on a private IP network and makes use of multicast transmission techniques with the goal of delivering a service with quality equivalent to conventional broadcast TV. However, the commercial IPTV has limited coverage, in conformity with the extent of its private IP network. On the other hand, other initiatives have been proposed aiming to deploy a service with global coverage and using the infrastructure of the Internet. The basic idea is to take advantage of the user's idle resources, in order to form a cooperative environment for TV distribution. The great challenge of the cooperative IPTV is to guarantee the quality of the service and to provide incentive mechanisms for cooperation. This work presents architectures for video distribution in large scale over the Internet. It will be discussed the state-of-art of current approaches and it will be presented new distribution proposals capable of providing sustainability for a TV over IP service on the Internet, including solutions based on application level multicast such as content distribution networks, multi-paths, pseudo-servers and peer-to-peer.

A recurring topic in LTE radio planning pertains to the maximum acceptable LTE radio interface load, up to which a targeted user data rate can be maintained. We explore this topic by using Queuing Theory elements to express the downlink user throughput as a function of the LTE Physical Resource Block (PRB) utilization. The resulting formulas are expressed in terms of standardized 3GPP KPIs and can be readily evaluated from network performance counters. Examples from live networks are given to illustrate the results, and the suitability of a linear decrease model is quantified upon data from a commercial LTE network.

These days a massive deployment of VoIP is taking place over IP networks. VoIP deployment is a challenging task for network researchers and engineers. This paper presents a detailed simulation approach for deploying VoIP successfully. The simulation uses the OPNET network simulator. Recently OPNET has gained a considerable popularity in both academia and industry, but there is no formal or known approach or methodology as to how OPNET can be used to assess the support and readiness of an existing network in deploying VoIP. Our approach and work presented in this paper predict, prior to the purchase and deployment of VoIP equipment, the number of VoIP calls that can be sustained by an existing network while satisfying QoS requirements of all network services and leaving adequate capacity for future growth. As a case study, we apply the simulation approach on a typical network of a small enterprise. The paper presents a detailed description of simulation models for network topology and elements using OPNET. The paper describes modeling and representation of background and VoIP traffic, as well as various simulation configurations. Moreover, the paper discusses many design and engineering issues pertaining to the deployment of VoIP. These issues include characteristics of VoIP traffic and QoS requirements, VoIP flow and call distribution, defining future growth capacity, and measurement and impact of background traffic.

The KUKA Control Toolbox (KCT) is a collection of MATLAB functions developed at the University of Siena, for motion control of KUKA robot manipulators. The toolbox, which is compatible with all 6 DOF small and low-payload KUKA robots that use the Eth.RSIXML, runs on a remote computer connected with the KUKA controller via TCP/IP. KCT includes more than 40 functions, spanning operations such as forward and inverse kinematics computation, point-to-point joint and Cartesian control, trajectory generation, graphical display, 3-D animation and diagnostics. Applicative examples show the flexibility of KCT and its easy interfacing with other toolboxes and external devices.

This article describes the main features of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), a standard architecture proposed by the IETF that integrates label swapping forwarding with network layer routing. The role of MPLS in overcoming limitations of overlay models, such as IP over ATM, and of conventional routing in IP networks, is discussed. The main concepts are introduced and the operation of MPLS is explained-classification of packets into Forward Equivalence Classes, label allocation and binding to routes, label distribution, set up of Label Switched Paths and route selection. Finally, support of traffic engineering and Quality of Service mechanisms in MPLS networks is analysed. 1. MPLS-rationale for a new routing and forwarding architecture The success of the Internet is mainly due to its flexible architecture, built upon IP, the ubiquitous internetworking layer protocol. IP networks offer unparalleled scalability and flexibility for the deployment of value-added services and are becoming increasingly attractive for carrying services with hard and soft real-time constraints. This requires extending the traditional best-effort model, designed from the outset for elastic data traffic, with mechanisms that provide differentiated and predictable Quality of Service (QoS) to a wide variety of applications with different requirements [1]. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has already specified the Integrated Services (IntServ) [2] and the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) [3] models with these goals in mind. Carriers' requirements With the increasing demand and explosive growth of the Internet, service providers require a dependable and controllable network infrastructure that can offer consistent performance. In many cases, the original router-based backbone networks evolved into a two level structure made up of a high speed core network interconnecting edge devices (IP routers) that, in turn, interface with access networks and provide common services to users, such as security, accounting, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), web hosting, etc. Management of such networks requires powerful traffic engineering techniques, that is, the capability of mapping flows into the physical network topology and evenly distributing traffic over the network links, to achieve an efficient utilization of network resources, avoid congestion and improve network performance.

Voice over IP (VoIP) services will play an important role in future IP networks, promising cost savings and new revenue sources to operators and service providers. To provide quality of service guarantees, certain mechanisms need to be implemented which support predictable packet handling, bandwidth allocation, and call admission control. In order to configure these mechanisms, a solid understanding of VoIP traffic characteristics and its respective bandwidth requirements is necessary. In this paper, we characterize traffic traces generated by various VoIP applications. According to the H.323 standard, the characteristics are described by means of token bucket parameters which are then used to derive the required service rates for individual traffic flows. While in most cases sources send out fairly steady packet streams, there are situations where software-based clients emit rather bursty traffic resulting in unreasonably high bandwidth needs. On basis of these traffic flows, we investigate the effects that token bucket parameters have on the bandwidth demand and discuss tradeoff possibilities in order to reduce it.

The study of network topology has attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, but has been hampered by a lack of accurate data. Existing methods for measuring topology have flaws, and arguments about the importance of these have overshadowed the more interesting questions about network structure. The Internet Topology Zoo is a store of network data created from the information that network operators make public. As such it is the most accurate large-scale collection of network topologies available, and includes meta-data that couldn't have been measured. With this data we can answer questions about network structure with more certainty than ever before -we illustrate its power through a preliminary analysis of the PoP-level topology of over 140 networks. We find a wide range of network designs not conforming as a whole to any obvious model.

Nowadays, Direct Memory Access (DMA) is one of the most used mechanisms for data transfer between a processor and its peripherals. Another possibility is to map peripherals directly in the memory space, which has the disadvantage of requiring dual port memories when the device handles large quantities of data. It typically is the case of video and network applications. In this work we propose the use of dual port BRAM often available in modern FPGAs to implement a core using

In this paper, we propose a Progressive Differential Thresholding (PDT) framework for coordinated network anomaly detection. Under the proposed framework, nodes present on a packet's path progressively encode their opinion (malicious or benign) inside a packet. Subsequent nodes on the path use the encoded opinion as side-information to adapt their anomaly detection thresholds and in turn improve their classification accuracies. Accuracy benefits of PDT are evaluated through experimental evaluations of multiple non-proprietary anomaly detectors on a publicly-available attack dataset. These evaluations indicate that, while being distributed and having negligible complexity and communication overheads, the proposed PDT framework provides considerable and consistent improvements in anomaly detection accuracy. We observe upto 54% improvements in ADS detection accuracy while upto 4 times reduction in the false alarm rates.

This article introduces an approach to anomaly intrusion detection based on a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The main objective of this work is an effective modeling of the TCP/IP network traffic of an organization that allows the detection of anomalies with an efficient percentage of false positives for a production enviroimient. The architecture proposed uses a hierarchy of Self-Organizing Maps for traffic modeling combined with Learning Vector Quantization techniques to ultimately classify network packets. The architecture is developed using the known SNORT intrusion detection system to preprocess network traffic. In comparison to other techniques, results obtained in this work show that acceptable levels of compromise between attack detection and false positive rates can be achieved.

Currently multimedia is either downloaded before viewing, or streamed over a network. However, streaming real-time or near real-time applications with a specified Quality of Service (QoS) over best-effort IP networks is not yet a solved problem. The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) can be used to facilitate streaming, but also has the potential to support QoS. Multicast transmissions are currently quite static and inflexible as all users receive the same treatment and it is only the network behaviour which differentiates between their perceived QoS. By gathering network statistics during the session and defining different customer groups, we propose to adapt multicast multimedia streaming to a fluctuating network load and/or client requests, thereby providing adaptive QoS. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Over the last years the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) has continuously gained in importance as the next generation communication network. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) was chosen the signaling protocol for session establishment and control in IMS. Losses caused by network or server overload would cause retransmissions and delays in the session establishment and would hence reduce the perceived service quality of the users. In order to be able to take counter measures network and service planers require detailed models that would allow them to predict such effects in advance. This paper presents a theoretical model of SIP that can be used for determining various parameters such the number of messages required for establishing a call in IMS networks when taking losses into account. The model also provides a method to calculate the bandwidth required for session establishment in IMS.

The TCP/IP network in South Korea started in May 1982, one of the earliest Internet deployments in the world. The initial TCP/IP network, called SDN, consisted of two nodes with 1200 bps bandwidth. SDN served the research and education community with primary focus on network research, and had international links with UUCP initially. The international links cover several countries in Asia, which is called AsiaNet, as well as Europe and North America. In parallel to TCP/IP development, the communications on personal computers using bulletin boards and others also proliferated. These two network developments along availability of WWW made explosive Internet growth in 1990s. These developments resulted in the leading broadband country with various applications. The Internet is becoming the social infrastructure in Korea lately with many aspects of daily life are done through the Internet including social and political activities. Convergence of the Internet with telecommunications and b...