Information Architecture

Open card sorting is used by information architects to gather insights from users to incorporate feedback into an information architecture. In theory, it is one of the more inexpensive, user-centered design methods available to practitioners, but hidden costs make it less likely to be conducted properly and affect the quality of results produced. The following proposes a new card sorting method called the Modified-Delphi card sort to replace the Open card sort. The Modified-Delphi card sort is based on a well-known forecasting technique called the Delphi method. Instead of producing individual models that are then analyzed as a whole, participants work with a single model that is proposed and modified throughout the study. The Modified-Delphi card sorting method produces more useful results to aid in the design of an information architecture than the Open card sorting method.

Existing Web design guidelines give conflicting advice on the best position for the navigation menu. One set of guidelines is based on user expectation of layout, the other on results from user testing with alternative layouts. To resolve this conflict we test whether placing the menu in an unexpected position has a negative impact on search performance. The results show that users rapidly adapt to an unexpected screen layout. We conclude that designers should not be inhibited in applying design recommendations that violate layout conventions as long as consistency is maintained within a site.

Though information architecture (IA) has been represented in Wikipedia since 2003, subject coverage remains inadequate. Without current, academically oriented information and references, the article fails to meet quality standards. A proposed WikiProject would bring needed enhancements to the quality of the IA page to present an accurate and comprehensive picture of the field with appropriate links to related topics. A Wikipedia IA editathon at the 2015 Information Architecture Summit provided an opportunity to jumpstart the WikiProject, with new page editors enlisted as Wikipedians. Editing a Wikipedia page is open to all, though editors are expected to follow policies, rules and guidelines. The DBpedia database, underlying all Wikipedia pages, captures URIs for information elements and RDF triples representing facts. Topic tagging enables linked, open collection of information, stored in the Wikidata knowledge base and linked to other Wiki sites and external databases through identifier properties. All are invited to improve the Wikipedia Information Architecture entry by strengthening and tagging the content, adding references and building links

Telemedicine technology is rapidly evolving. Whereas early telemedicine consultations relied primarily on video conferencing, consultations today may utilize video conferencing, medical peripherals, storeand-forward capabilities, electronic patient record management software, and/or a host of other emerging technologies. These remote care systems rely increasingly on distributed, collaborative information technology during the care delivery process, in its many forms. While these leading-edge systems are bellwethers for highly advanced telemedicine, the remote care market today is still immature. Most telemedicine systems are custom-designed and do not interoperate with other commercial offerings. Users are limited to a set of functionality that a single vendor provides and must often pay high prices to obtain this functionality, since vendors in this marketplace must deliver entire systems in order to compete. Besides increasing corporate research and development costs, this inhibits the ability of the user to make intelligent purchasing decisions regarding best-of-breed technologies. We propose a seeure, object-oriented information architecture for telemedicine systems that promotes 'plug-and-play' interaction between system components through standardized interfaces, communication protocols, messaging formats, and data definitions. In this architecture, each component functions as a black box, and components plug together in a "lego-like" fashion to achieve the desired device or system functionality. The architecture will support various ongoing standards work in the medical device arena.

Requirements have remained one of the grand challenges in the design of software intensive systems. In this paper we review the main strands of requirements research over the past two decades and identify persistent and new challenges. Based on a field study that involved interviews of over 30 leading IT professionals involved in large and complex software design and implementation initiatives we review the current state-ofthe-art in design requirements management. We observe significant progress in the deployment of modeling methods, tools, risk-driven design, and user involvement. We note nine emerging themes and challenges in the requirement management arena: 1) business process focus, 2) systems transparency, 3) integration focus, 4) distributed requirements, 5) layered requirements, 6) criticality of information architectures, 7) increased deployment of COTS and software components, 8) design fluidity and 9) interdependent complexity. Several research challenges and new avenues for research are noted in the discovery, specification, and validation of requirements in light of these requirements features.

"Open card sorting is used by information architects to gather insights from users to incorporate feedback into an information architecture.  In theory, it is one of the more inexpensive user-centered design methods available to practitioners, but hidden costs make it less likely to be conducted properly and affect the quality of results produced.  The following proposes a new card sorting method called the Modified-Delphi card sort to replace the Open card sort.  The Modified-Delphi card sort is based on a well-known forecasting technique called the Delphi method.  Instead of producing individual models that are then analyzed as a whole, participants work with a single model which is proposed and modified throughout the study.  The Modified-Delphi card sorting method produces more useful results to aid in the design of an information architecture than the Open card sorting method. 

A series of studies were conducted to directly compare the Modified-Delphi and Open cart sorting methods.  First, two parallel studies using both methods were conducted with the same dataset and number of participants.  Then, two studies were conducted on the results of the parallel studies: a heuristic review and ranking with information design experts, and an inverse card sort with additional users of the proposed architecture.  The Modified-Delphi card sorting method produced results which were found to be at least as good as the Open card sorting method results and in some cases, better."

Until 1993 there were conducted first excavations in what promised to be the site of one of the most important buildings of Petra, the stunning capital of the Nabataean kingdom. Its construction, whose initiation century BC, several changes, reconstructions and landslides along its more than five hundred years of operation. But despite this still unknown for certain functions for which it was designed and that, regardless of the construction elements, materials have been located just still less inscriptions that shed some light on a mystery that will try here exhibit various theories that enable closer to resolution.

The paper highlights the concept of library portals and information architecture and the relationship that exists between the two concepts. Further, it imports the functions of librarians in the traditional setting into the webometric setting, elucidating the roles librarians can play as Information Architects whereby they are seen as content creators, copyright experts, digital reference service personnel, metadata creators, portal specifiers and creators. Questions regarding the imported concepts of Information Architects and librarians‘ roles are raised. Problems facing librarians as Information Architects are raised and solutions proffered. The paper concludes by making a submission that librarians become Info-architects in the present digital information environment.

Dalam makalah ini, penulis mencoba menyajikan analisis arsitektur informasi yang membangun situs web Perpustakaan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Topik ini dipilih karena Perpustakaan Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia memiliki situs web yang sangat menarik dari segi konten dan design visualnya.

"The cyberPRINT is a fully immersive, interactive virtual environment that is being generated in real-time based on physiological data readings of a human body. In other words, the cyberPRINT is based on creating interfaces between physical and digital spaces and between biology and information technologies. The cyberPRINT is also an event, wherein a performer is connected to the cyberPRINT generator to create a self-sustaining feedback mechanism. Although using the body to electronically drive music and media events is not new, most of these works have paid little or no attention to the potential of interactive 3D virtual environments. Nor have they been so technologically advanced, interdisciplinary intensive (involving architecture, choreography, modern dance, music, bioengineering, medicine and computer science), or architecturally focused as the cyberPRINT.

This project covers a wide and fertile territory that goes from the very technical and design oriented to the very theoretical and interdisciplinary. This paper is intended to (1) expand what has been already published about this project and (2) establish potential areas for discussion before and after the performance"

Agner, Luiz.
Ergodesign e arquitetura de informação : trabalhando
com o usuário I Luiz Agner. - Rio de Janeiro : Quartet, 2a ed. 2009.
il.; 196p.; 21cm.

Inclui bibliografia
ISBN: 978-85-7812-0 17-7

I. Ergonomia. 2. Arquitetura de informação. 3. Sites da Web -
Projetos. 4. Usuários da internet - Acesso à informação. 3. Interação homem-máquina. 6. Tecnologia da informação. I. Título.

Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of web sites as they progress through the design process, and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. Designers also employ multiple tools during the course of a project, including graphic design, web development, presentation, and word processing software, as well as pen and paper. Sketching on paper is especially important during the design exploration phase of a project, when designers wish to explore many design possibilities quickly without focusing on low-level details. Web site design tools intended to support the early phases of the design process should employ informal interaction techniques, should support multiple site representations, and should integrate well with other applications that designers use regularly.

The mobile application as a library service

Abstrakt:
Aplikacja mobilna to wyspecjalizowany program pozwalający na dostęp do wybranych przez ich dostawców funkcji oraz treści. Badania polskiego rynku mobilnego dowodzą, że laptop i smartfon są najczęściej stosowa­nymi urządzeniami do łączenia się z Internetem. Według raportu Internet Trends średnio na użytkownika przypada 47 zainstalowanych aplikacji rocznie. W 2014 roku kupiono więcej smartfonów i tabletów niż kompu­ terów PC i laptopów. Biblioteki również zaczynają korzystać z tej formy komunikacji z użytkownikami. Aplikacje mobilne omawiane w niniej­ szej pracy można podzielić na: 1) aplikacje uniwersyteckie-programy użytkowe oferujące dostęp do wielu usług uczelni, w tym do zasobów bibliotek, poprzez udostępnienie: przeszukiwania katalogu, zamawia­ nia książek, zarządzania kontem użytkownika, rezerwacji stanowiska komputerowego w bibliotece, mapy dojazdu, aktualności, rekomendacji nowości bibliotecznych, skanowania barkodów itp.; 2) aplikacje biblio­teczne-dedykowane działalności bibliotecznej, oferujące dostęp do wielu usług biblioteki. W referacie omówione zostaną przykłady m-aplikacji

This handbook is the result of an exploratory study that tries to connect rhetoric and user experience (UX). Here, the user interface (UI) becomes the middle point through which rhetorical figures can be applied to influence the user experience.

Based on the "Rhetorical Handbook" by Hanno Ehses and Ellen Lupton (1988).

Conceptual structures are, as a rule, approached from logical perspectives in a broad sense. However, since Antiquity there has been another approach to conceptual structures in thought and language, namely the rhetorical tradition. The relationship between these two grand traditions of Western Thought, Logic and Rhetoric, is complicated and sometimes uneasy – and yet, both are indispensable, as it would seem. Certainly, a (supposedly) practical field such as Information Architecture bears witness to the fact that for those who actually strive to work out IT systems conceptually congenial to human users, rhetorical and logical considerations intertwine in an almost inextricable manner.

Este livro aborda todos os conceitos aprendidos na disciplina Design de Informação, de uma maneira enxuta e linguagem clara. Tem como objetivo servir de base para estudantes e professores da área de Design. Ao final de cada capítulo, o livro sugere uma atividade como forma de absorver o conteúdo. O último capítulo apresenta um projeto de Design de Interface do Usuário. Espero que seja útil!
Este livro pretende ser uma contribuição para a disciplina de Design de Informação, servindo como bibliografia básica, abordando tanto os conceitos importantes, como também, apresentando algumas atividades práticas.

Abstract Expert evaluation methods, such as heuristic evaluation, are still popular in spite of numerous criticisms of their effectiveness. This paper investigates the usability problems found in the evaluation of six highly interactive websites by 30 users in a task-based evaluation and 14 experts using three different expert evaluation methods. A grounded theory approach was taken to categorize 935 usability problems from the evaluation. Four major categories emerged: Physical presentation, Content, Information Architecture and ...

La Tesi vuole dimostrare che è possibile ampliare le potenzialità di un mezzo innovativo come MediaWiki per un facile reperimento dei beni artistico-culturali, rendendo la navigazione e la ricerca intuitiva e minuziosa. Il progetto ha lo scopo di dare all'informazione una struttura a faccette grazie al software Flamenco, al fine di garantire una ricerca e una navigazione ottimale per arrivare al documento desiderato, passando da una pluralità di accessi; una volta trovato il manufatto, la pagina di Flamenco che ne descrive le proprietà rimanderà l'utente alle pagine di MediaWiki, opportunamente
realizzate, che gestiscono le informazioni archiviate nel suo database.
La seguente tesi si articola in tre capitoli:
• il primo capitolo prende in esame l'ormai nota Enciclopedia collaborativa Wikipedia e la classificazione gerarchico – enumerativa; una breve panoramica sull'organizzazione dell’informazione, soffermandoci sui sistemi di 3 classificazione maggiormente adottati, sull'importanza delle strutture e dei sistemi organizzativi.
• Il secondo capitolo mette a confronto i due schemi di classificazione: gerarchico - enumerativa ed analitico - sintetica, ossia, la Dewey classification contro la Colon classification; mettendo in evidenza i corrispettivi punti di forza nell'applicazione.
• Il terzo capitolo tratta del caso studio, vale a dire, la realizzazione di un'enciclopedia collaborativa, sulla scia di Wikipedia, destinata ad accogliere le
informazioni sul Patrimonio artistico-culturale; migliorando la gestione dei contenuti mediante l'apporto di una classificazione a faccette. Nel caso specifico del progetto l'attenzione è stata rivolta alle opere dell'Avanguardia Futurista. Gestire l'architettura dell'informazione tramite un analisi top-down, dall'alto verso il basso ci permette di stabilire a priori le classi principali del nostro schema. Questa metodologia permette una ricerca più accurata, dovuta ad apposite faccette, che permettono un filtraggio dei documenti archiviati.

- Result of “the Onlife Initiative,” a one-year project funded by the European Commission to study the deployment of ICTs and its effects on the human condition
- Inspires reflection on the ways in which a hyperconnected world forces the rethinking of the conceptual frameworks on which policies are built
- Draws upon the work of a group of scholars from a wide range of disciplines including, anthropology, cognitive science, computer science, law, philosophy, political science

What is the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the human condition? In order to address this question, in 2012 the European Commission organized a research project entitled The Onlife Initiative: concept reengineering for rethinking societal concerns in the digital transition. This volume collects the work of the Onlife Initiative. It explores how the development and widespread use of ICTs have a radical impact on the human condition.

ICTs are not mere tools but rather social forces that are increasingly affecting our self-conception (who we are), our mutual interactions (how we socialise); our conception of reality (our metaphysics); and our interactions with reality (our agency). In each case, ICTs have a huge ethical, legal, and political significance, yet one with which we have begun to come to terms only recently.

The impact exercised by ICTs is due to at least four major transformations: the blurring of the distinction between reality and virtuality; the blurring of the distinction between human, machine and nature; the reversal from information scarcity to information abundance; and the shift from the primacy of stand-alone things, properties, and binary relations, to the primacy of interactions, processes and networks.

Such transformations are testing the foundations of our conceptual frameworks. Our current conceptual toolbox is no longer fitted to address new ICT-related challenges. This is not only a problem in itself. It is also a risk, because the lack of a clear understanding of our present time may easily lead to negative projections about the future. The goal of The Manifesto, and of the whole book that contextualises, is therefore that of contributing to the update of our philosophy. It is a constructive goal. The book is meant to be a positive contribution to rethinking the philosophy on which policies are built in a hyperconnected world, so that we may have a better chance of understanding our ICT-related problems and solving them satisfactorily.

The Manifesto launches an open debate on the impacts of ICTs on public spaces, politics and societal expectations toward policymaking in the Digital Agenda for Europe’s remit. More broadly, it helps start a reflection on the way in which a hyperconnected world calls for rethinking the referential frameworks on which policies are built.

Purpose/thesis: The purpose of this paper is to present a reflection on the relationship between Information Architecture and Information Science, both as scientific disciplines and the practices of university teaching.
The concept/research methods: My considerations concerning the placement of Information Architecture within the frames of Information Science I started as an employee of the Institute which planned to start a degree course called "Information Architecture". This was necessary since the plans to set up such a field of studies met with a lot of resistance in the Faculty Council.
Results and conclusions: Reflection on the range of issues included in the scope of interest of Information Architecture and on the research issues of informatology and the curriculum within its frames indicates that Information Architecture in a large extent fits into the range of interests of Information Science.
Originality/the cognitive value:It seems justified to undertake this type of discussion and to provide an argumentative answer to the question "Why should informatologists teach Information Architecture?". The attempts to launch such a course in the framework of our discipline aroused controversy and objections of our colleagues employed in other institutes, fellow members of Faculty or university authorities. Also, the competences of researchers in Information Science in this field are questioned. Presented paper attempts to dispel doubts in this regard. This type of reflection has not been presented so far.

Today any organisation has to deal with a great deal of information and an even greater amount of data. In many instances the terms data and information are used interchangeably, and it can be very problematic to determine the right information that is useful to the management of an organisation.

The availability of effective management information is essential when coping with today’s business complexity and Lohman, Sol, & de Vreede (2003) write that “[i]nformation [t]echnology can be used to derive such information … However the contribution of the management information generated is disappointing.

There needs to be greater attention given to what information will be the most useful driver to increased performance and how to develop the information system (IS) to collect as much useful data as possible in order for a management information system (MIS) to massage and reduce the data to meaningful information. It is beyond the capability of the IS to provide the essential information for strategic planning and there is a need for management to understand and collect the additional information required for optimum strategic planning.

ÖZET
Tarihin eski dönemlerinden bu yana devinim içerisinde olan bilgi, hızla genişleyerek çeşitli iletişim türleriyle ve bilimsel alanlarla etkileşim içerisine girmiştir. Bilgiyi paylaşma ihtiyacının artmasıyla, içeriğin daha iyi anlaşılması için farklı görselleştirme yöntemleri uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Uygulamaya başlayan bu yöntemler ise günümüze kadar gelişim göstermeye devam etmektedir. Bu noktada bilgi bilgilendirme tasarımının önemli bir kolu olan veri görselleştirmesiyle kendini ifade edebilmekte ve içeriğin iletilebilmesine güç katmaktadır.
“Bilgilendirme Tasarımında Veri Görselleştirmesinin Yeri ve Kullanımı” başlıklı tez çalışması, grafik tasarımın özündeki bilgilendirme amacını, veri görselleştirmesindeki içeriğin biçimsel aktarımına katkısını ele almaktadır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümünde; veri görselleştirmesinin tanımı, tarihsel süreç içerisindeki rolü, günümüze kadar değişen ve gelişen konumu ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda konunun öncüleri ve ustaları örnek çalışmalarıyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümünde ise; konunun temel ilkelerine yer verilmiş, konu bir tasarım disiplini olarak incelenerek bilgilendirme tasarımıyla olan ilişkisi değerlendirilmiş ve farklı disiplinlerle olan etkileşimine de değinilmiştir. Ayrıca, tasarımcının içerik ve estetik arasındaki dengeyi koruyarak anlaşılır bir görselleştirme oluşturma çabası ve sorumluluğu analiz edilmiştir.
Tezin son bölümünde ise, veri görselleştirmesinin güncel konumuna göre tasarım sürecindeki yöntem ve uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Uygulama alanları, günümüzdeki farklı ortamlarla olan bağı üzerinden değerlendirilerek örneklerle pekiştirilmiştir.

ABSTRACT
The information being in precession since ancient times has expanded rapidly and entered into an interaction with various communication types and scientific areas. As the need for exchanging information increases, different visualization methods have started to be implemented for understanding the content in a better way. Those implemented methods continue to improve. At this point, ‘information’ can express itself through data visualization as an important branch of ‘information’ acknowledging design; empowers transition of content.
The thesis study with the topic of The Usage and Place of Data Visualization in Information design handles acknowledging the purpose at the core of graphic design, the contribution of information visualization content to stylistic communication. In the second part of the research; definition of data visualization, it’s role within the historical process, place changing and developing until today are examined. Within this scope, pioneers and masters of this subject are examined with their sample works. In the second stage of the research; fundamental principles of the issue are handled, and the subject is examined as a design discipline and its relation with acknowledgment design are assessed; also its interaction with different disciplines are handled. Also, the effort for creating an understandable visualization and sense of responsibility was analyzed by protecting the balance between content and aesthetic of the designer.
In the last part of the thesis, methods and implementations within the design process were assessed according to current places of data visualization. Implementation areas were consolidated with samples by assessing through ties with current different environments.

Angiolo Mazzoni nasce a Bologna da genitori senesi il 21 maggio 1894. Da un inizio di clima "secessionista", che ha praticato alla fine degli anni Dieci, come -anche se qualche tempo dopo -Sant'Elia, Chiattone e poi Marchi (progettando ville, palazzine, palazzi), guardando a Olbricht e a Hofmann, ma così pure a G.B.Milani e a Giovannoni, Mazzoni si è orientato, alla fine dei Venti, verso un dialogo con forme tradizionali di evidente corrispondenza "novecentista", monumentale e imponente, tuttavia distinta dai modelli piacentiniani (quali il Dopolavoro ferroviario di Roma, 1925; il Palazzo postale di Nuoro, 1928; la Stazione di Bolzano, 1927-28). Si era laureato, infatti, in ingegneria nel 1919 alla Scuola di applicazione per ingegneri di Roma, dove rimane ancora un paio d'anni come assistente -oltre a collaborare nello studio di Piacentini nel 1920 -e aveva, quindi, conseguito il diploma in architettura a Bologna nel 1923. Nel '21 venne assunto dalle F.S., ricevendo, dal 1922, la nomina di Ispettore stabile della Divisione lavori delle FS. Nel '24, anno in cui vennero unificate Poste e Telegrafi e Ferrovie, fu trasferito a Roma presso la Direzione Generale: tra il 1925 e il '26, con la Stazione del Brennero, ebbe inizio la sua fitta attività di progettazione di edifici ferroviari e postali sparsi lungo tutto il territorio italiano, destinata a protrarsi fino al 1945, nell'ambito dell'amministrazione unificata delle Poste e Telegrafi e delle Ferrovie Statali. Alla fine degli anni '20, realizza l'edificio squadra rialzo presso la Stazione ferroviaria di Firenze, una delle sue opere pi interessanti, con ogni evidenza influenzata dall'esperienza dei costruttivisti sovietici.Tra i progetti realizzati in veste di progettista-dipendente pubblico, si ricordano, per importanza, gli edifici postali di Trento , di Agrigento (1932), di Pola (1935); le stazioni ferroviarie di Trento, 1936 (con vetrate di Depero e Tato), di Siena 1936, di Reggio Calabria, di Montecatini Terme -Monsummano 1937,diMessina 1939 e di Bolzano(1927). Il carattere innovativo del lavoro di Angiolo Mazzoni, quale si delinea fin dall'inizio degli anni Trenta, non esclude un filone novecentista (che ricorre infatti, riconoscibile per l'intera prima metà di quegli anni, nel Palazzo postale di Varese, 1930-33, nel Palazzo delle Poste e Telegrafi di Grosseto, 1930-32, nella già citata Direzione Generale delle Poste e Telegrafi di Trento, 1929-34, nel Palazzo delle Poste di Palermo, 1930-34, e nella Stazione ferroviaria di Reggio Emilia , 1933-35). Non lo esclude, ma di certo ne attenua prospetticamente la portata, puntando sul privilegio rappresentato dagli esiti di una progettualità più libera, a livello di maggiore e più ardita complessità immaginativa progettuale. Se, tuttavia, il Mazzoni più memorabilmente innovativo, più "moderno", non è certo quello del linguaggio volumetrico e monumentale "novecentesco", lo si individua proprio anche in esiti architettonici collocabili all'interno di una tale polarità, tanto che risulta possibile rintracciarvi sia il ricorso a soluzioni strutturali interne di chiaro indirizzo innovativo, capace di rielaborare originalmente una mentalità "razionalista", sia altresì l'esercizio di un uso inventivo e persino prezioso, oltre che nuovo, dei materiali. Il filone più originale e memorabile dell'attività progettuale e realizzativa di Mazzoni si snoda lungo gli anni Trenta sul fondamento di una cultura plastica che dal "Novecento" recupera accenti di tradizione "metafisica" (come avviene nel caso del Calabrone), innestandovi una nuova chiarezza strutturale di istanza "razionalista" e un dinamismo di tagli orizzontali o di movenze avvolgenti derivate dal dialogo con istanze futuriste. Ed è il filone che muove appunto da Il Calabrone del 1931Calabrone del -33 (ma progettato nel 1925, al Palazzo delle Poste di Agrigento, 1932-34, alla Centrale Termica e Cabina degli apparati centrali della stazione di S.Maria Novella, a Firenze, 1932-34, alla Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Latina, 1932, dal Palazzo delle Poste e Telegrafi di Pola, 1932-33-1935, alla Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Sabaudia, 1933-34, a quella di Ostia Lido, inaugurata nel 1934, alla Stazione ferroviaria dia Siena, 1931-35, a quella di Trento, 1934-36, di Montecatini-Terme e monsummano, inaugurata nel 1937, di Reggio Calabria-Centrale, 1937-38. Dal 1948 al 1963 Mazzoni si trasferisce in Colombia, a Bogotà, dove insegna all'Università Nazionale e svolge attività professionale. Vive a Roma dal suo ritorno in Italia, a partire dal 1958, fino alla morte, avvenuta il 28 settembre 1979.

Increasingly, organisations establish what is called an enterprise architecture. The enterprise architecture combines and relates all architectures describing some aspect of the organization, such as the business process architecture, the information architecture, and the application architecture. It is a blueprint of the organisation, which serves as a starting point for analysis, design and decision making.

Tracking of shipments is an important element of customer service in the transportation industry; and essential for logistics services as merge-in-transit. However, contemporary tracking systems are designed for use within a single company, and are thus invariably inadequate for multi-company environments. The single company focus has led to a reduced span of monitoring and a diluted accessibility of information due

This thesis proposes an epistemological and theoretical framework for the idea of a Genetic Architecture of Information, founded by the General Theory of the Architecture of Information, proposed by Lima-Marques (2011); under the discipline of Architecture of Information, proposed by Siqueira (2012); and considerations of Genetic Phenomenology. The Genetic Architecture of Information comprises two main aspects: the genesis and genetic intentional information. The Genesis of Intentional Information ideally occurs as a phenomenon in one of the stages of the phenomenological reduction; and the Genetic of Intentional Information is characterized and identified in a qualitative analogy between the Information Science and Genetics,
within its four main study approaches, namely: Classical, Molecular, Population and Quantitative. Ontologically, we mainly consider the genome, genotype and phenotype of objects (endurants) and processes (perdurants) in association with terms of information. As results, we present the Genetic Architecture of Information; high-level ontologies developed in analogy between Information Architecture and Genetics aiming to elicit terms of information and biological processes that involve information; and some practical applications, such as phenotypic similarity (textual, visual, acoustic and in research social networks), technological evolution and innovation by means of memetics, information hereditability, and genetic manipulation of information.
Key-words: Intentional Information; Genesis of Information; Genetics of Information; Architecture of Information; Genetic Phenomenology.

It is often inappropriate to write an academic paper in the first person narrative of "I", as this indicates the writer to be an authority on the subject in which they are writing, and often they are far from it. However, as a former employee of Square Enix, a company where I began as a Game Tester (back when the company was called Square Soft), then moved up to Editor, Product Analyst and Manager, I deem it appropriate to write about the life and afterlife of one of the most popular video game companies of the 90's and early 2000's and how the management of the information system designed for the Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) Final Fantasy 11 ended it all. When the design for FF 11 (Final Fantasy 11) began in 2000, the chief stakeholders hoped to mimic the style and success of the popular MMORPG Everquest, which had been released in 1999. The president of Square Enix, Yoichi Wada, had come to Los

Salah satu komponen enterprise architecture adalah arsitektur informasi, yang memiliki tiga elemen, yaitu people, process, dan technology. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan variabel-variabel pada elemen process dengan melibatkan elemen people dan technology.  Penelitian ini akan membahas perancangan model arsitektur informasi proses pelatihan kerja di Balai Besar Pengembangan Latihan Kerja Dalam Negeri (BBPLKDN) Bandung. Tahapan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan qualitative method. COBIT 5 dan framework TOGAF digunakan sebagai acuan pada saat analisis dan perancangan. Alat bantu analisis yang digunakan adalah konsolidasi BSC dan CSF. Validasi hasil rancangan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi terhadap teori, regulasi/kebijakan pelatihan kerja, dan kebutuhan BBPLKDN Bandung.

Przedmiotem pracy jest Radio Uniwersytet przy Uniwersytecie Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy. Problem badawczy stanowi specyfika architektury i zarządzania informacją w tej organizacji, na którą składają się: witryna internetowa, oprogramowanie, sprzęt i społeczność sieciowa. Celem badań jest ocena obecności i jakości funkcjonowania składowych architektury informacji w wymienionych obszarach oraz propozycja korekt. Według hipotezy głównej postawionej przez autorkę, składowe architektury informacji są ogólnie zauważalne w Radiu Uniwersytet, jednak wymagana jest optymalizacja witryny internetowej. Hipotezy poboczne skoncentrowane są na wszystkich składowych osobno. Rozdział pierwszy stanowi tło historyczne, w którym skupiono się na ewolucji radia, Internecie jako szansie rozwoju stacji radiowych oraz na specyfice mediów akademickich. Rozdział drugi zawiera definicje oraz typologię systemów architektury informacji. Wyjaśniono w nim też istotę słowników kontrolowanych i metadanych oraz omówiono ich rolę w architekturze informacji. Rozdział trzeci jest rozdziałem ostatnim i stanowi empiryczną weryfikację zjawisk zaprezentowanych w dwóch wcześniejszych teoretycznych rozdziałach. Oprócz metodologii badań dokonano analizy oraz oceny jakościowo-heurystycznej systemów architektury informacji w witrynie internetowej, oprogramowaniu, sprzęcie i społeczności sieciowej Radia Uniwersytet. W ostatnim podrozdziale przedstawiono syntezę i wnioski z badań własnych.

Purpose: The Council for Programs in Technical and Scientific Communication was founded in 1973 to promote programs in technical and scientific communication, promote research in technical and scientific communication, develop opportunities for the exchange of ideas and information concerning programs, research, and career opportunities, assist in the development and evaluation of new programs in technical and scientific communication, if requested, and promote exchange of information between this organization and interested parties. Annual conference: CPTSC holds an annual conference featuring roundtable discussions of position papers submitted by members. The proceedings include the position papers. Authors have the option of developing their papers after the meeting into more detailed versions. Program reviews: CPTSC offers program reviews. The reviews involve intensive self-study as well as site visits by external reviewers. Information is available at the CPTSC Web site. Web site: CPTSC maintains a Web site at http://www.cptsc.org. This site includes the constitution, information on conferences and membership, a forum for discussion of distance education, and other organizational and program information. Listserv: CPTSC's listserv is CPTSC-L. To subscribe, send an email message to majordomo@clarkson.edu. Keep the subject line of the message blank and delete your signature block if you use one. In the first line of the message type subscribe CPTSC-L your_email_address