Interface Design

A comprehensive political and design theory of planetary-scale computation proposing that The Stack—an accidental megastructure—is both a technological apparatus and a model for a new geopolitical architecture.
What has planetary-scale computation done to our geopolitical realities? It takes different forms at different scales—from energy and mineral sourcing and subterranean cloud infrastructure to urban software and massive universal addressing systems; from interfaces drawn by the augmentation of the hand and eye to users identified by self—quantification and the arrival of legions of sensors, algorithms, and robots. Together, how do these distort and deform modern political geographies and produce new territories in their own image?

In The Stack, Benjamin Bratton proposes that these different genres of computation—smart grids, cloud platforms, mobile apps, smart cities, the Internet of Things, automation—can be seen not as so many species evolving on their own, but as forming a coherent whole: an accidental megastructure called The Stack that is both a computational apparatus and a new governing architecture. We are inside The Stack and it is inside of us.

In an account that is both theoretical and technical, drawing on political philosophy, architectural theory, and software studies, Bratton explores six layers of The Stack: Earth, Cloud, City, Address, Interface, User. Each is mapped on its own terms and understood as a component within the larger whole built from hard and soft systems intermingling—not only computational forms but also social, human, and physical forces. This model, informed by the logic of the multilayered structure of protocol “stacks,” in which network technologies operate within a modular and vertical order, offers a comprehensive image of our emerging infrastructure and a platform for its ongoing reinvention.

The Stack is an interdisciplinary design brief for a new geopolitics that works with and for planetary-scale computation. Interweaving the continental, urban, and perceptual scales, it shows how we can better build, dwell within, communicate with, and govern our worlds.

The discourse on the relationship between form and function in the world of design
has its roots in the industrial and Tayloristic model that contrasts and differs from the artistic
and artisanal process since the disciplinary foundation. At the origin of the debate there are
visions about the role of design in society, but also about the specificity of its own language.
The digital revolution and the introduction of Human-computer interaction and the wider
concept of Human-centered design have profoundly transformed this relationship, strongly
shifting it in favor of people, their expectations and their needs. In particular, when design
then focuses on inclusive and universal approaches – i.e. addressing needs that go beyond
standards – form is often sacrificed on the altar of accessibility transforming the experience
of both audiences – “normal” as well as impaired subjects – into a poor and a “low-resolution”
one. On the other hand, for people with disabilities, form itself is the essence of experience.
Whether it is the sound channel or VUI in the case of visual deficiencies, the figurative
language, for acoustic disabilities, or the tactile-sensory component, considering the cognitive
and perceptual aspects, the form becomes both the medium and the message as well. The
paper aims to identify the stages of a possible cultural and social journey, within the broader
scenario of Universal design/Design for all and the culture of accessibility, which includes the
aesthetic-emotional dimension as a shared design value and driver of innovation in the sector.
Besides, it illustrates through the discussion of case studies, in the field of personal and public
communication, possible approaches to ethics and aesthetics of inclusive design.

Abstract—The paper tackles the problem of designing intuitive graphical interfaces for selecting navigational targets for an autonomous robot. Our work focuses on the design and validation of such a flexible interface for an intelligent wheelchair navigating in a large indoor environment. We begin by describing the robot platform and interface design. We then present results from a user study in which participants were required to select navigational targets using a variety of input and filtering methods. We considered two types of input modalities (point-and-click and single-switch), to investigate the effect of constraints on the input mode. We take a particular look at the use of filtering methods to reduce the amount of information presented onscreen and thereby accelerate selection of the correct option. I.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 returning Iraq War military personnel are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure therapy has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to specify the rationale, design and development of an Iraq War PTSD VR application that is being created from the virtual assets that were initially developed for theX-Box game entitled Full Spectrum Warrior which was inspired by a combat tactical training simulation, Full Spectrum Command.

Der Begriff des Interface kategorisiert die Ausprägungsstufen einer kommunikationsstabilisierenden Schnittstelle als Interaktionsmechanismus, wobei die Interaktion von maschinellen Komponenten (Hardware, Software) sowie die vielfältigen Interaktionen zwischen UserIn und Maschine zur Geltung gebracht werden.

The expanding role of the Web as a content and applications deployment platform and the appearance of new computing paradigms, such as thin-client computing, require now more than ever the introduction of concrete development frameworks. Although new approaches, technologies, tools, commercial applications appear daily, limited guidelines or frameworks exist that can assist Web developers in selecting the proper methodology and tools for the design, implementation and maintenance of flexible Web content and applications. Our work, triggered from our experience in implementing the Web presence of several large Greek Governmental organisations, attempts to address the major current and forthcoming problems that Web developers face. We propose a framework (RDF/XML based) that will act as a malleable development support environment, incorporating specific guidelines, which Web developers should always consider. The primary goals are achieving scalability (modular, component-based architecture), re-usability and technology independency in Web development. We focus on hypermedia content and applications.

There is a general dichotomy in popular culture on the future of robotics and artificial intelligence: the Humans-Against-the-Machines scenario versus the We-Become-Them scenario. The likely scenario is the latter, which is compatible with an optimistic posthuman world. However, the technological and cultural paths to robotic integration still have many problems and pitfalls. This essay focuses on Human Robot Interaction issues that apply to adoption of robots in many aspects of life as well as adoption of robotics into humans themselves. The main message of the essay is that the evolution of intelligent species is dependent on interfaces.

The paper reviews work on informal technical help giving between colleagues. It concentrates on the process of how colleagues help each other to use a computer application to achieve a specific work task, contrasting this with the focus of much prior work on surrounding issues like the choice of whom to ask, information re-use and the larger work context of encouragement or otherwise of such learning. By an analysis of the literature and a study of office activity, some strengths and weaknesses of the method are identified. The difficulties of talking about the process of performing graphical user interface actions are explored. Various design implications for functionalities to improve the efficiency of informal help giving are explored. A consideration of informal learning can help in designing more effective, learnable, robust and acceptable CSCW systems. It also provides a different perspective on interface design as an exploration of features to support human–human interaction, using the computer screen as a shared resource to support this. In this way CSCW research may contribute to HCI research, since during such help giving, all computer systems are at least temporarily collaborative applications.

L’informatique a profondément transformé les études littéraires, qu’il s’agisse des méthodes d’investigation, des questions posées ou des corpus abordés. Pour nombre de chercheurs toutefois, les «humanités numériques» demeurent un domaine étrange et étranger, source de fantasmes et de frustrations.
Cet ouvrage aborde le sujet sous un angle résolument concret, celui des interfaces. En douze chapitres concis destinés aussi bien aux curieux qu’aux porteurs de projets, il présente les bénéfices et les enjeux du numérique pour les études littéraires, des usages d’un catalogue de bibliothèque aux analyses de big data, en passant par les nouveaux modes de lectures qu’inspirent les éditions en ligne et le brassage des corpus opéré par les bases de données. Exemples à l’appui, la réflexion démontre le rôle fondamental des interfaces: parce qu’elles transforment notre rapport aux textes, aux livres et à leurs auteurs, elles constituent l’apport décisif des humanités numériques à la littérature.

https://www.alphil.com/index.php/editions-livreo-alphil/interfaces.html?___store=de_chf&___from_store=de_chf

Research on explanation is currently of intense interest as documented in the DARPA 2021 investments reported by the USA Department of Defense. An emerging theme for explanation techniques research is their application to the improvement of human-system interfaces for autonomous anti-drone or C-UAV defense systems. In the present paper a novel proposal based on natural language processing technology concerning explanatory discourse using relations is briefly described. The proposal is based on the use of relations pertaining to the possible malicious actions of an intruding alien drone swarm and the defense decisions proposed by an autonomous anti-drone system. The aim of such an interface is to facilitate the supervision that a user must exercise on an autonomous defense system in order to minimize the risk of wrong mitigation actions and unnecessary spending of ammunition.

Este trabajo discute la noción de "interfaz intuitiva" a propósito de los dispositivos móviles de pantalla táctil. En su recorrido, compara los tipos de interacción que se producen en estas pantallas con los que tienen lugar en las computadoras tradicionales, como una manera de pensar el modo en que se constituye una nueva intuitividad. Hacia el final, revisa algunas implicancias para los diseñadores, y propone reflexionar desde una perspectiva semiótica sobre algunos lugares comunes en el mundo del diseño.

In exploring 3D environments from a first-person viewpoint, the narrow field-of-view makes it difficult to search for an off-screen object, a task that becomes even harder if the user is looking through the small screen of a mobile phone. This paper presents Aroundplot, a novel focus+context interface for providing multiple location cues for off-screen objects in an immersive 3D environment. One part of this technique is a mapping method from 3D spherical coordinates to 2D orthogonal fisheye, which tackles the problems of existing 3D location cue displays such as occlusion among the cues and discordance with the human frame of reference. The other part is a dynamic magnification method that magnifies the context in the direction the view is moving to alleviate the distortion of the orthogonal fisheye and thus to support precise movement. In an evaluation, the participants could find the target object for a given location cue faster and more accurately with Aroundplot than with a top-down 2D radar. They were more accurate with Aroundplot than with a 3D arrow cluster when the number of objects was large; however, accuracy with a small number of objects and the search speed with any number of objects were not significantly different.► Narrow FOV in AR and VE demands an effective overview for off-screen objects. ► Current interfaces are weak at height display, occlusion, and/or human reference frame. ► We solve the problems by a novel mapping function from 3D coordinates to a 2D fisheye. ► We further enhance the fisheye usability by a dynamic magnification method. ► Our method was faster and more accurate than existing methods in the user study.

This article presents the category of emersion in videogames. The author of this article understands emersion as an experience of such elements of a game that weaken the impression of non-mediated participation in events presented in the game (some researchers call this impression "immersion"). Emersive elements of the game reveal the mediated character of the action the player takes part in. Emersion may have varied status: it may be incidental (e.g. when it is a result of an unforeseen glitch), repeatable (e.g. as a result of a mechanism typical for a specific genre) or designed.
The last case seems to be the most interesting one, because designed emerisve elements may provide meaningful or artistic results. Designed emersive factors bring new possibilities of creation, which are not achievable through the non-digital and non-interactive forms of expression.

This paper describes the interface design of our AeSon (Aesthetic Sonification) Toolkit motivated by user-centred customisation of the aesthetic representation and scope of the data. The interface design is developed from 3 premises that distinguish our approach from more ubiquitous sonification methodologies. Firstly, we prioritise interaction both from the perspective of changing scale, scope and presentation of the data and the user's ability to reconfigure spatial panning, modality, pitch distribution, critical thresholds and granularity of data examined. The user, for the majority of parameters, determines their own listening experience for real-time data sonification, even to the extent that the interface can be used for live data-driven performance, as well as traditional information analysis and examination. Secondly, we have explored the theories of Tufte, Fry and other visualization and information design experts to find ways in which principles that are successful in ...

“The interface, thus, here appears as a semiotic-material hybrid: a non-verbal language translating processes and entities that elude immediate perception into visually apprehensible and symbolically readable symbols, as well as a media environment, a spatial apparatus that establishes new relations between human bodies and media technologies and enables the effective manipulation of these symbols.”

This article is released under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

""Electronic Visualisation in Arts and Culture explores a variety of new theory and technologies, including devices and techniques for motion capture for music and performance, advanced photographic techniques, computer generated images derived from different sources, game engine software, airflow to capture the motions of bird flight and low-altitude imagery from airborne devices.

The international authors of this book are practising experts from universities, art practices and organisations, research centres and independent research. They describe electronic visualisation used for such diverse aspects of culture as airborne imagery, computer generated art based on the autoimmune system, motion capture for music and for sign language, the visualisation of time and the long term preservation of these materials. Selected from the EVA London conferences from 2009-2012, held in association with the Computer Arts Society of the British Computer Society, the authors have reviewed, extended and fully updated their work for this state-of-the-art volume.
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O livro aborda o conceito de Experiência do Usuário e suas aplicabilidades no Design de produtos digitais, tais como: páginas da web, sistemas de informação e aplicativos móveis, analisando as relações de uso desses artefatos no contexto das tecnologias da informação na sociedade. A obra oferece aos estudantes e profissionais de Design e de Tecnologia da Informação uma visão geral sobre diferentes aspectos presentes na interação dos usuários com produtos digitais: usabilidade, acessibilidade, cognição, comunicação e fatores estratégicos e organizacionais, com exercícios didáticos para reflexão sobre os conteúdos apresentados.
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Grilo, A. (2019). Experiência do Usuário em Interfaces Digitais: Compreendendo o Design nas Tecnologias da Informação. Natal: SEDIS-UFRN, 191p. ISBN: 978-85-7064-082-6

The natural interaction aspects of the user interface are more significant in the devices of impaired users than the devices of healthy users. This work investigates three controls as the wheelchair controllers according to the design and physicality principles; conventional joystick, isometric joystick, and quad-directional button. Our aim is to provide further ease of use to the impaired whilst strengthening link between embedded software engineering and human-computer interaction. We conclude that an improved multi-function interface design by using Nintendo‘s Wiimote quad-directional button is more intuitive, flexible and natural to use.

The growing use of the Internet and mobile devices has created a global and massive market.  This has led to a significant increase in the number of studies on Human-Computer interaction. The increasing number of information services around the world suggests that it is necessary to observe the cultural differences of the people who use the services while designing these applications. In this study, firstly the concept of user interface and the concept of culture will be emphasized. Then effects of cultural approach on interface design will be examined. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations on the culture-interface relationship will be shared.                                                    ÖZET
İnternet ve mobil cihazların kullanımının yoğunlaşması, beraberinde küresel ve büyük bir pazar oluştururken, bu durum İnsan-Bilgisayar etkileşimi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların sayısında belirgin bir artışa sebep olmuştur. Dünya çapında  bilgi servislerinin sayısının gün geçtikçe artması, bu uygulamalar tasarlanırken uygulamaları kullanan insanların kültürel farklılıklarının gözetilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle kullanıcı arayüzü kavramı üzerine durularak, kültür kavramı incelenecektir. Ardından kültürel yaklaşımın arayüz tasarımı üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanılacak ve son olarak kültür-arayüz ilişkisi üzerine sonuçlar ve öneriler aktarılacaktır.

В статье рассматриваются образные интерфейсы для поддержки операторов в решении сложных задач управления техническими системами. Более рациональное использование когнитивных ресурсов человека возможно при переносе части ментальных операций на уровень визуального мышления. Систематизируются существующие способы визуализации когнитивных операций целеобразования, переработки информации, диагностирования, планирования и проверки результатов действий. На основе обзора классических работ в области восприятия образов и визуального мышления сформулированы актуальные исследовательские задачи, которые необходимо решить на пути к образным интерфейсам. Приводится пример образного (экологического) интерфейса для операторов атомных электростанций. Этот интерфейс позволил в два-три раза сократить время решения задач операторами и существенно уменьшить число ошибочных действий.