Integrated Navigation (Marine Simulation)

The STCW training requirements for ECDIS adopted in 2010 intend that watchstanders are prepared to navigate safely while applying ECDIS. The commonplace static review of ECDIS principles and functions must now include some measures of mastery in adapting the ECDIS to dynamic contexts. This means that the training must occur predominantly in an underway environment. Through navigation simulation, the most effective training can be accomplished on type-approved ECDIS embedded in ownship functionality. Ideally, the training environment would include several semi-isolated integrated visual ownships for solo navigation using ECDIS. Each trainee should be able to practice many aspects of navigation with ECDIS. The development of the necessary skills should then be similarly assessed.

Proof that the skillful use of ECDIS can enhance the safety of navigation requires a solo environment and simulation exercises designed to require ECDIS-based solutions. The fundamental rule must be stated in the negative: Any unsafe navigational event might have been avoided through a more effective use of ECDIS. Groundings, allisions, collisions or even near misses should by definition invalidate otherwise satisfactory skill assessments. In this paper it is suggested that evaluation of ECDIS navigation follows a competency-based matrix consisting of a quality scale of 1 to 3 for approximately 50 specific skill sets. These skill sets are organized into task groups, and are closely aligned with the new KUP and evaluation criteria listed in STCW-2010 Tables A-II/1 and A-II/2. Scoring is tallied according to the task groups with the application of weighted averages as a method for recognizing the higher degree of relevance of certain task groups in ECDIS navigation.

This revision of IMO Model Course 1.27 intends to provide the knowledge, skill and understanding of ECDIS and electronic charts to the thorough extent needed to safely navigate vessels whose primary means of navigation is ECDIS. The course emphasizes both the application and learning of ECDIS in a variety of underway contexts. This is achieved through sophisticated navigation simulation that provides each trainee with unrestrained access to ownship operations integrated with a complete type-approved ECDIS with numerous chart formats installed.

The course is designed to meet the STCW requirements in the use of ECDIS, as revised by the 2010 Manila Amendments, specifically as these apply to Tables A-II/1, A-II/2 and A-II/3, and also to revised guidelines pertaining to training and assessment in the operational use of ECDIS in Table B-I (paragraphs 36 through 66), assessment in navigational watchkeeping, and evaluation of competence, both in Table B-II.

В книге рассматриваются вопросы выбора обводов корпуса и внешней архитектуры корабля с позиций наилучшей штормовой мореходности и безопасности в сложных условиях плавания. Проектирование океанского корабля, являющегося сложным инженерным сооружением, требует всестороннего изучения множества технологических и эксплуатационных факторов. Совместное использование исторического опыта хорошей морской практики, аналитических и экспериментальных исследований позволило определить непротиворечивые подходы к оптимизации основных элементов формы корпуса и общекорабельной архитектуры, и согласовать принципиальные технические решения для достижения наилучшей мореходности некоторых классов кораблей и судов. Эти вопросы последовательно обсуждаются в книге в форме технико-исторического анализа мореходности, физико-геометрического представления о корабельном волнообразовании и взаимодействии корпуса с морским волнением, с последующей интерпретацией сравнительных экспериментов с опытовыми моделями гипотетических и перспективных проектов кораблей и судов. Комплексный подход к рассмотрению вопросов морского инженерного дела позволил дополнить настоящее исследование материалами о гидротехнических особенностях гаваней морских портов, а также о вовлечении творческой молодежи к освоению морских наук. Изложение материалов ведется в краткой форме, достаточной для повторения и проверки основных результатов расчетов и экспериментов. Книга представляет интерес для судоводителей, корабельных инженеров, студентов морских институтов и всех интересующихся историей флота, мореходностью корабля и вопросами проектирования формы корпуса и общекорабельной архитектуры. Проектирование океанского корабля, являющегося сложным инженерным сооружением, требует всестороннего изучения множества технологических и эксплуатационных факторов. Совместное использование исторического опыта хорошей морской практики, аналитических и экспериментальных наук в области корабельной гидромеханики, позволило лишь коснуться непротиворечивых подходов к достижению наилучшей мореходности некоторых классов кораблей и судов. Новые проектные построения последовательно обсуждаются в книге в форме технико-исторического анализа мореходности, физико-геометрического представления о корабельном волнообразовании и взаимодействии корпуса с морским волнением, с последующей интерпретацией сравнительных экспериментов с опытовыми моделями гипотетических и перспективных проектов кораблей и судов. Комплексный подход к рассмотрению вопросов морского инженерного дела позволил дополнить настоящее исследование материалами о гидротехнических особенностях гаваней морских портов, а также о вовлечении творческой молодежи к освоению морских наук. Изложение ведется в краткой форме, достаточной для поверки основных результатов и воплощения всех проектных решений.

A major concern for the navigator during a voyage is collision avoidance. Ship collision avoidance is an important research domain in maritime science. The collision risk is one of the major reasons threaten safety at sea. Efficient marine navigation through obstructions is still one of the many problems faced by the mariner. Many accidents can be traced to human error, recently increased traffic densities and the average cruise speeds of ships impedes the collision avoidance decision making process further in the sense that decisions have to be made in reduced time. It seems logical that the decision making process be computerized and automated as a step forward to reduce the risk of collision.

Abstract— In this modern world Smartphones and Tablets are need for every group from Children, teens, Parents, Business executives, Professionals to old age people. With this techy gadgets, location based applications are widely used as it makes life very easier, faster and keeps track of our near and dear ones as well as our business associates. The SMART Travel Alarm is designed to provide high tech services to users based on the information of their current geographic locations. Some of these services include “Reached to destination alarm”, Email someone on reaching the destination etc. In this paper we illustrates the development of SMART Travel Alarm - a iOS application based on Sencha 2.2 framework using Google Web Services to offer multiple services to the users on the move. The developed iOS app works perfectly fine on major smartphones and tablets running on popular operating systems like iOS, Android, Windows and Blackberry.

In order to improve the accuracy of error estimation in inertial navigation system, a perspective of complex measuring system with self-organizing approaches and genetic algorithms was put forward. The approach of modifying nonlinear Kalman filter utilizing self-organizing algorithm with redundant trends was described, which can decrease the calculated capacity during the calculation process of nonlinear complex models. Meanwhile, modification of nonlinear Kalman filter, utilizing genetic algorithm as a reference signal to calculate the offset, was also realized, which can accurately reflects the component characteristics of the studied measuring complex system. It turned out that the error estimation accuracy of inertial navigation system was practically improved by 8%-12% with the application of self-organizing approaches and genetic algorithms.

Resumen:
Se indaga en torno a la intoxicación voluntaria, dentro de un programa general encaminado a la experimentación con el propio cuerpo, método que encuentra sus fundamentos en la idea de la medicina romántica donde, según Sloterdijk, los efectos de las dosis en el hombre sano y el enfermo se reflejaban de manera especular. Es aquí donde se origina una ambiciosa semiótica de la medicación farmacológica, no sólo del endomorfinismo de la especulación, sino también de mecanismos endocrinos o quimioéticos.
Abstract:
We inquire about the poisoning, in a comprehensive program to experiment with one's body, a method that finds its basis in the idea of romantic medicine where, according to Sloterdijk, the dose effects in the healthy and the sick were reflected specular manner. This is where an ambitious originates semiotics of pharmacological medication, not only endomorfinismo of speculation, but quimioéticos endocrine mechanisms.
Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

ABSTRACT
The objective of the paper is to validate a prototype of an integrated, software-linked, satellite/inertial navigation system in Polish landborne and waterborne environment. The paper is divided into two distinctive parts. In its introductory part the paper briefly delineates the specific realisation of the DGPS/(Low-Cost IMU MotionPak) design describing the hardware and Kalman filter based software components with special emphasis on vehicular and waterborne real-time positioning.
In its second part the paper demonstrates an actual performance of the prototype mounted on a dedicated land vehicle and a research ship and boat moving in a variety of environments in Poland. The section first characterises the geographical distribution and the physical properties of the landborne and waterborne DGPS/IMU test-beds and presents the methodology and some results of the experiments addressing the issue of the accuracy and integrity of the navigation solution in function of the areas. The paper concludes presenting a rationale for a number of landborne vehicle and waterborne satellite/inertial navigation applications in Poland .
INTRODUCTION
The paper describes certain experimental work on the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) integrated with the Low-Cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) MotionPak This system has been completed within the framework of the European Union Joint Research Project. The main scientific partners of the Project have been the Institute of Flight Guidance and Control of the Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina in Braunschweig, Germany (TUBS.IFF) and the Polish Academy of Sciences, Space Research Centre (PLAS.SRC) in Warsaw and at Borowiec near Poznań Astrogeodynamic Observatory.
The aim of the initial conceptual work done during the Project has been to construct the most up-to-date integrated DGPS/(Low-Cost IMU) system. The goal of the experimental work done both during and after the Project, was to use the DGPS/IMU as a tool to investigate the so-called Required Navigation Performance Parameters (RNPPs) in various radio-environments during landborne, waterborne and airborne navigation. While the DGPS component provided the integrated system with the desired high accuracy, the IMU component helped the navigation solution to maintain high values of some RNPPs.
The paper has been concerned with the accuracy and integrity of the real-time DGPS/IMU landborne and waterborne positioning in Poland.

This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter-multiple model adaptive estimation unscented Kalman filter (MMAE-UKF) rather than conventional Kalman filter methods, like the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). UKF is used as a subfilter to obtain the system state estimate in the MMAE method. Single model filter has poor adaptability with uncertain or unknown system parameters, which the improved filtering method can overcome. Meanwhile, this algorithm is used for integrated navigation system of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and celestial navigation system (CNS) by a ballistic missile's motion. The simulation results indicate that the proposed filtering algorithm has better navigation precision, can achieve optimal estimation of system state, and can be more flexible at the cost of increased computational burden.

Invited lecture presented at the GPSC.NTU Saturday seminar. Lecture invited by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Law Choi Look, Director – Global Positioning Systems Centre, College of Engineering, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore

Lecture invited by Prof. Dr. Christopher Rizos, Manager, Satellite Navigation and Positioning Group, School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems (Formerly School of Geomatic Engineering), The University of New South Wales, Australia. The members of the Satellite and Positioning group in the School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems were in attendance.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the paper is to validate in a landborne, waterborne, and airborne environment, a prototype of a software-linked navigation system, comprising the Differential Global Positioning System DGPS and the Low-Cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) MotionPak The paper is divided into two distinct parts. The introductory section  discusses the software combination of the satellite sensor and the inertial sensor. It briefly delineates the specific realisation of the DGPS/(Low-Cost IMU MotionPak) design describing the hardware and Kalman filter based software components with special emphasis on vehicular and waterborne real-time positioning.
The second part of the paper demonstrates an actual performance of the prototype mounted on a dedicated land vehicle, a research ship, a research boat and a research aircraft. For each of the land-/ water-/ and air mediums used, the section characterises the objectives, methodology and most representative results of the experiments.
The section dealing with the landborne tests is the most comprehensive, and characterises the geographical distribution and the physical properties of the test beds, as well as describing the DGPS reference stations preparations. It concentrates on the internal and external accuracy determination results at Poznañ Racing Car Track. The section dealing with the waterborne medium places special emphasis on the DGPS/IMU tests with the Maritime Institute DGPS hydrographic equipment backup. The section dealing with the airborne satellite/inertial tests specifically describes  the behaviour of the DGPS/(Inertial Navigation System INS) and GPS/IMU during different flight dynamics. The paper closes with a summary.

In the inertial navigation system (INS), the altitude error diverges exponentially, especially in low-cost sensors. To suppress divergence of the altitude error, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and a barometric altimeter (baro-altimeter) are utilized. This paper describes the error dumping of the vertical channel in the integrated navigation system INS/GPS and the baro-altimeter by using the 3 rd order vertical channel damping loop and the application of the adaptive error damp coefficients. The integration is done with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with control signals. The characteristics of the proposed model for the integration of the INS, the GPS and the baro-altimeter were analyzed by a computer simulation as well as experimentally, using a vehicle. The results of the analysis show that the navigation solutions of the INS/GPS/Baroaltimeter navigation system could improve the accuracywith the adaptive error control coefficients in the EKF control signal.

Lecture invited by Prof. Dr. P.A. Whigham, Director of the Spatial Information Research Centre, and Prof. Dr. Nazim B. Madhavje, Spatial Information Research Centre, Department of Information Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Members of the Information Science, Physics, Surveying and Geography departments were in attendance.