International Communication

Media research is finally internationalizing in its geopolitical ambitions, but what does or should this mean for how scholars theorize, analyze, and evaluate data? At least three distinct claims are being made about the challenges of truly international media research.

The nature of society means health and medical communication often occurs in different international and local settings. Such interactions generally involve offering care-practices that help individuals maintain or return to a level of health and wellness. These exchanges usually take place in different cultural, linguistic, and geopolitical environments involving individuals who: Provide care to others Educate others on care and caregiving Receive or participate in such care In these situations, care-related information must be contextualized to address how care is perceived and administered in such contexts. Doing so is not easy, for it requires an understanding of the cultural context of care. In this special issue, the authors examine a range of contexts of care to show how technical communicators and rhetoricians of health and medicine can work at the intersections of health, wellness, and culture to contribute to healthcare practice.

Cold War was the way of life between the Soviet Union and the West for many years. Since the war was not actual, battles were fought in buffer countries, sports arenas and last but not least in the media. Many today might still remember the cold war rhetoric of 1980ies when Washington, which TASS described as able to “…think only in terms of confrontation and bellicose, lunatic anticommunism” (Britannica) considered the USSR to be “Guided by a policy of immoral and unbridled expansionism…" (Farnham, 2001).

The entries in this volume introduce technical communicators to foundational practices, current approaches, and emerging trends in translation and localization. To do so, the editors of this collection purposefully recruited authors from the translation and localization industries. All of these contributors, moreover, have previous experiences, stretching back decades, working with technical communicators on international projects. Each individual was asked to contribute a chapter that explained, to a non-translator/non-localizer, what a particular translation or localization practice was and how it worked. Contributors were also asked to draw from their prior experiences working with technical communicators and focus on the question, “Based on your prior experiences working with technical communicators, what do they need to know to work effectively with translators and localizers?” The objective underlying this approach was to provide technical communicators with the understanding of translation and localization needed to work effectively with professionals in these fields.

Russia has received a lot of attention from the American press and government agencies since "meddling" in the United States' 2016 electoral process. Using new media, Russian groups succeeded in disrupting and otherwise influencing American public opinion, aiming to polarize the public and undermine democratic processes. The Kremlin-produced English-language news station, RT, is usually treated as an afterthought considering Russia's multi-faceted influence campaigns. But little is known about RT's American audiences. Who are these Americans who choose Russian news? What motivates them? According to new media performance measurements, RT has an outsized online presence, tapping new media tools to gain audiences. New distribution opportunities allowed Russian media to circumvent the high economic barriers to entry that, for years, effectively guarded US media markets. But RT is disruptive in another, more politically salient way. The channel advertises itself as a means to escape biased, mainstream media deceptions and omissions. 1 If brand messaging is any indication, RT courts Americans skeptical of mainstream media and critical of American foreign policy. To date, this audience, its size, its political contours, and its motivations are sources of speculation but remain undefined. This research seeks to better define RT's audiences using surveys of American foreign news users. This proposal outlines the rationale for investigating Russia's American viewers by reviewing research on RT's content and the strategic aims of Russia to formulate testable hypotheses about RT's American viewers.

Presented at the 2008 AEJMC Midwinter Conference -- In this ever changing, increasingly international world, researchers have attempted to grasp economic, cultural, political, and other such processes through the development of the concept of globalization. There is indeed an abundance of literature that is either about or that uses the concept. However, in the use of the concept, not many scholars have set about to more clearly define it. Some may argue that globalization is not something that can be precisely defined. However, in looking at the ways in which scholars try to understand the world through globalization, perhaps it would be necessary to have a further developed definition than what is currently understood. This paper attempts to do just that through a concept explication of globalization based on the method of Steven H. Chaffee, and using examples from such scholars as Spiro Kiousis. This paper included ideas from such thinkers as Marshall McLuhan, James Carey, Samuel Huntington, Arjun Appadurai, Herbert Schiller, and others. A unified definition of globalization was reached – how electronic communications, travel, and international policy facilitate: the compression of space and time; the speed of the flow of information and cultural goods across borders; financial transactions; the extension of awareness of world events; interconnections between governments, societies, groups, and individuals; open borders; economic integration.

This essay posits American journalism as a particular realm of public knowledge production, inflected with its own professional practices as well as the way in which those practices subjugate technologies of representation. Taking the Arab Spring of 2011 as a case study in journalistic knowledge production, this article analyzes three epistemological conditions underscoring the Arab Spring’s development as an object of knowledge: the use of social media tools within the practice of journalism, the representational authority of the individual reporter, and the articulation of journalistic knowledge to broader institutions of liberal democratic power. While these are by no means the only possible themes of investigation, by looking at how journalistic practices rendered the Arab Spring sensible and worthy of public consideration, this essay hopes to reveal them as temporally and technologically contingent, but also linked to the values of liberal democracy that undergird journalism’s role in American public life.

Esperanto is neither an official nor a commonly spoken language anywhere in the world and, due to the limited number of people who speak this language from birth and who teach it to the next generation, the persistence of this speech community cannot rely on intergenerational language transmission. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in France, mainly in Paris, this article explores continuities and discontinuities in the Esperanto community and movement by looking at how present-day young Esperanto speakers use the language online and through networks of sociability. In asking what is transmitted from one generation of Esperanto speakers to the next, and how new communication technologies impact the ways in which people use the language, I analyse how the concentration of speakers from different age groups around distinct technologies creates a segmentation in this community that leaves some issues incommunicable and hard to transmit. I argue that, on the one hand, engaging with Esperanto through Esperanto associations and, on the other hand, through social media and non-institutionalised gatherings, shapes different perceptions of the language, marking a shift from Esperanto as a forward-looking cause for activists to Esperanto as a tool for sociability and an intellectual game for language-lovers.

This paper evaluates the performance of the Nigerian media in global gatekeeping using the recent United States' 2004 Presidential Election as a case study. The coverage and treatment of this important event was considered using four national daily newspapers for the print media and two frequency modulated radio stations for the broadcast media. In order words, both the print and the electronic media were content analyzed and it was discovered that the event did not get the adequate or required mention deserving its status in the Nigerian media. As an international gatekeeper for its numerous audience (Nigerians and non-Nigerians living in Nigeria), the Nigerian media did not live up to expectation as anybody who may have solely relied on them for the news about the election will definitely be under informed about the issues concerning the election because the news was grossly under reported in the media. The coverage also goes a long way to indicate that the Nigerian media have not really integrated into the global community defined and shaped by advanced and sophisticated information and communication technologies. Abstract:

In 1970, in the context of the Cold War, a small country in the southern latitude of South America was living a historical political moment with tremendous future consequences. For the first time since the publication of Karl Marx's Das Kapital in 1867, a democratic elective process determined the constitution of a socialist government in the Western Hemisphere (Ensalaco, 2000, p. 5). The country was Chile known as among the most politically stable in the region, and its elected socialist president, Dr. Salvador Allende. Due to diverse and complex political factors, including the covert, and sometimes more conspicuous, destabilizing activities of the United States administration, the elected socialist government experienced continuous misadventures (Bull, 1984, p. 51). As a result, in the morning of September 11th, 1973, a military coalition lead by the commanders of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force and the National Police took over the constitutional government. The country "was declared at war, and armed forces and police set out to secure their assigned military objectives" (Ensalaco, 2000, p. 27). During several days the de facto the military government faced various focuses of armed resistance coming from some of Allende's supporters, including political groups, and worker and student organizations. As a consequence, almost 500 men and women died during the first weeks after the coup d’état, between September and December of 1973 (p.146). After extinguishing the opposition and taking control of the country, the military Junta established a self-declared provisional government, lead by the Army General, Augusto Pinochet, who would rule Chile for the next sixteen years. This period is characterized by the extradition and incarceration of various opposition figures, as well as by the infamous Desaparecidos [disappeared persons], whose relatives turned first to the Chilean courts, but without any results. These incidents signaled the beginning of a long and painful period of political violence that would divide the country until the present day.

Purpose -Since employees are considered to be one of the most important sources for innovation, the purpose of this study is to create a change management framework for implementing an innovation culture by means of internal communication. Design/methodology/approach -First, an interdisciplinary model was derived from research and existing literature. It was then tested in a case study with qualitative expert interviews and a quantitative online survey among all employees of a sample firm. Findings -Instead of a linear change, as implied by the theoretical model, different identification levels existed simultaneously within the firm's culture. A typology summed up the corresponding perceptions of the innovation culture: innovation culture, innovation pioneers, mediocrity, standstill, and refusal. Significant correlations between identification and internal media (r ¼ 0:405), as well as identification and action (r ¼ 0:158) underlined the importance of internal communication.

Computer-Mediated Communication across Cultures: International Interactions in Online Environments provides readers with the foundational knowledge needed to communicate safely and effectively with individuals from other countries and cultures via online media. Through a closer examination of the expanded global access to the Web, this book discusses the use and design of cross-cultural digital media and the future of the field for executives, marketers, researchers, educators, and the average user.

This article examines five dominant conceptualizations of “the Global South” in the field of media and communication studies, and more specifically in the subfields of (1) comparative media studies, (2) international communication or global media studies, and (3) development communication. Engaging with the broader calls made by a number of scholars since the early 2000s to “dewesternize,” “decolonize,” or “internationalize” the field, I argue that the Global South continues to be theorized from the vantage point of the Global North. Instead of understanding the Global South on its own terms, scholarship frequently appreciates the role of media and communication only insofar as it emerges from, represents the negative imprint of, or features the active intervention of the Global North. Such accounts have failed to acknowledge the agency of the Global South in the production, consumption, and circulation of a much richer spectrum of media culture that is not a priori defined in opposition to or in conjunction with media from the Global North. In advocating for a shift from media systems to media cultures, I hope to contribute to an approach that practices media and communication studies from the Global South, grounded in the everyday life experiences of ordinary people but always situated against the background of crucial processes such as neoliberalization, which have not only had drastic implications for the division of labor between the state and market in the area of media and communication but have also produced radical changes in the lives of the majority of people living in the Global South.

Abstract: The argument I will develop in this essay is that the foreign students are a latent human resource who can assist with overcoming English monolingualism in the Australian population. Foreign students, properly rewarded, can be a major source of skills transfer. Every one of those students is a walking compendium of language and cultural skills that Australians need to know.

The research aims to investigate how to improve relationship quality and retain customers through marketing communications. The article presents an extensive review of the marketing literature relating to branding, relationship marketing, and marketing communications with a view to identifying effective ways to enhance brand personality, brand image, and brand awareness as well as relationship quality and, ultimately, customer retention. The study proposes that by enhancing marketing communications, firms can influence customers' satisfaction, trust, and value and ultimately customer retention, which are critical for a company's success and long-term sustainability.

Founded by Catherine the Great in 1764, the State Hermitage Museum in Russia is one of the largest and best-known museums in the world.  With 3 million objects displayed in six buildings along the Neva River, the Hermitage Museum occupies an important position alongside such leading museums as the Louvre, British Museum and Metropolitan Museum. The cases study looks at the International Hermitage Friends Club as a successful global Public Relation (PR) strategy that allows the museum to expand its audiences and constituencies far beyond the Russian borders.

Distributed software development has become the norm for the software industry today. As a result many organizations are leveraging the expertise of their existing staff by establishing virtual teams. Here we outline the results from three independent case studies undertaken over a period of 8 years. The first study considered the operation of virtual teams whose members were situated in two locations in the same country. The second investigated why U.S. and Irish team members who worked very successfully while collocated, experienced serious problems when operating in virtual teams. The third focused on virtual testing teams with members based in Ireland and Malaysia. The Irish staffs had extensive experience of having projects offshored to them and were now responsible for offshoring part of their work. The results from each case study highlighted the importance and impact fear played and the consequences this had for the success of the respective strategies.

La diplomacia pública debe adaptarse a los nuevos usos de la comunicación institucional. En este ámbito, la relación unidireccional entre institución y públicos, en la que prevalecía la mera transmisión de información, ha sido progresivamente sustituida por una relación bidireccional en la que la institución y el ‘ciudadano’ –ya nos los ‘públicos’ generalizados y anónimos- intercambian información, experiencias y necesidades que procuran satisfacer mutuamente cada uno desde su lugar en la sociedad.

This paper explores the history of the representations of LGBT in the Chinese national English-language newspaper the China Daily, from 1991 to 2019. It divides the representations into four phases: the initial phase (1991-2003), the rapid growth phase (2004-2008), the peak phase (2009-2014) and the silent phase (2015-2019). The findings show that official Chinese media do not constitute a homogeneous entity; in contrast, they produce highly heterogeneous content while targeting domestic and international audiences. As one of the most important media in China that is responsible for international communication, China Daily, has to balance its readers' interests and its goal of "telling China's story." Compared with the People's Daily (Chinese edition), the China Daily's representation of the LGBT group is unconventional in its construction of a country that values freedom, openness, and tolerance. This representation has been made possible by changes in domestic and international contexts, LGBT activism in China, and journalist agency, which are justified in de-othering narratives that follow the logic of homonationalism.

http://www.cschinese.com/issueArticle.asp?P_No=88&CA_ID=669

Strategic communication (SC) is the state's projection of certain important and long-term values, interests, and goals into the conscience of domestic and foreign audiences. It is effectuated by means of adequate synchronization of multifaceted activities in all the domains of social life with professional communication support. It is clear that such synchronization takes place in Russia today, reflecting the dynamics of the unique national symbiosis of the old and the new and of the local and the adopted aspects of forms and methods of influencing public consciousness. In the chapter are analyzed some aspects of SC of Russia in Latin America. Special attention is given to key messages of the leadership of Russia to the countries of the region, the current practice of public diplomacy and the perception of Russia in Latin America. Keywords: strategic communication, public diplomacy, foreign policy, Latin America, Russia.

This text examines globalization and its effects from the perspective of how differences in access to online communication technologies between the economically developed countries and less economically developed countries is affecting social, economic, educational, and political developments in the world’s emerging economies. In so doing, the collection also examines how this situation is creating a global digital divide that will have adverse consequences for all nations. Each of the book’s chapters examines trends and ideas related to the global digital divide between economically developed countries and less economically developed nations. Through this approach, the contributors present perspectives from the economically developing nations themselves versus other texts that explore this topic from the perspective of economically developed countries. In this way, this volume offers a new and an important perspective to the growing literature on the global digital divide.

Criza din Ucraina a deteriorat relațiile dintre Uniunea Europeană și Rusia, ajungîndu-se la sancțiuni reciproce, precum și la acuze aduse de către Bruxelles Moscovei. Astfel, aceasta din urmă ar folosi mass-media și centrele sale culturale pentru contracararea și destabilizarea politicilor UE. În această optică, comunicarea strategică dobândește o valoare principală, ea fiind un obiect de studiu care analizează capacitatea organizațiilor de a se angaja într-o comunicare concretă și țintită, care utilizează diverse activități cum ar fi relațiile publice, managementul comunicării și publicitatea.
Avem plăcerea să discutăm cu Evgheni Pașențev de la Academia Diplomatică a Ministerului Afacerilor Externe al Moscovei și director al Centrului pentru Studii Sociale și Politice și Consiliere (ICSPSC) pentru a discuta despre rolul geopolitic al comunicării strategice în relațiile ruso-europene.

Since the end of the 1980s the development of theories of cultural globaliza- tion, in the Anglo-Saxon academic !eld, has resulted in a deep transformation in the ways of thinking media internationalization. The critical political economy of communication, which since the 1960s has played a key role in analysing media internationalization, has been supplanted by disciplines that until the late1980s had rarely addressed the international dimensions of media.
Theories of cultural globalization, as we will try to show here, are the product of a convergence in theory among cultural studies, anthropology and sociology, which regardless of their disciplinary differences tend to think of the cultural consequences of globalization along the same lines. As such, they propose a new dominant paradigm to apprehend the consequences of media internationalization – a paradigm which has deconstructed the perspectives of political economy and replaced them with a radically di"erent vision.
The aim of this chapter is to show, through some of the key texts, how these theories of cultural globalization have emerged and to underline some of the major ruptures that they have entailed in the ways of thinking media internationalization.

In London, Washington DC and Brussels, 'information warfare' has returned to policymakers' lips of late. The concept is used in the framing of Western efforts to counter and overcome the persuasion campaigns of Russia in Ukraine and ISIS's targeting of potential Western recruits. It is not simply that Russia's 'hybrid war' model might be destabilizing audiences' sense of certainty about what is happening in world affairs. It is that such a strategy undermines the very fundamentals of information and credibility that informed debate are supposed to rest upon. The return to information warfare also signifies frustration that ISIS's social media content appears to be driving a very visible and unstoppable flow of young Westerners to Syria. In short, there is a palpable sense that the West is losing its information wars.

Increasing the internationalization of the university is currently an
existential prerequisite for the further sustainability and
competitiveness of any university.The degree of internationalization of the university is reflected not only in the top-down emphasis on well-thought-out internationalization strategies but equally in the bottom-up activation of individual teachers and teams.So far, this area appears to be
underdeveloped. Our publication tries to bridge this gap.This handbook is intended for teachers involved in the teaching
of courses in foreign languages or in the teaching of culturally or
ethnically mixed groups of students. This handbook could help
teachers increase their professional competencies by focusing on the
salient issues of the international teaching environment. In other
words, it has an ambition to help university teachers to incorporate
an intercultural dimension into their teaching.

This paper is going to answer the following questions; (1) what is going on in China’s soft power, especially in South East Asian Region? And (2) what have been the impact of China’s Soft Power in Thailand. The concepts of Soft Power, Public Diplomacy, including China-Thailand relation were discussed. Agreed record of the third meeting of the joint committee on trade, investment and economic cooperation between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand which was held during 27- 28 November in Beijing, was used in order to find the relating to the question what have been the impact of China’s Soft Power. There is a relationship between China’s Soft Power and phenomenon in Thai society context in line theories of Public Diplomacy and Soft Power.

This study set out to detect the amount of attention given to rural development issues by Local Newspapers after Nigeria returned from a long spell of military dictatorship to democratic rule in 1999. It also determined the frequency and rate of coverage of the rural development issues by local newspapers using the content analysis method. The assessment was for a period of six months, January to June, 2009, ten years into the fourth republic, and the Tide and Port Harcourt Telegraph newspapers were content analysed. A sample size of 48 copies of both newspapers were studied, (that is 25% of 192) and the random fraction was ¼. The content analysis method was used in collecting data. The data was presented in simple tables of frequency distribution and percentages. An analysis of the data showed that though the Tide covered more rural development issues than the Port Harcourt Telegraph, their total performance towards the coverage of rural development issues was poor. The paper recommended among other things that local newspapers should increase their reportage of rural development issues through their features and editorials.

Since the US elections in 2008 the close connection between Social Media and political communication has been brought to the fore. The effective role that Social Media has been made to play once again in the 2012 US elections and its conscious or unconscious replication in the 2014 Indian elections reaffirmed its significance in contemporary political communication. Scholars have confirmed that political candidates are increasingly turning to Social Network Sites (SNS) to persuade voters and that these sites have become prominent sources of political information. Political Communication as a field of study has been about the role of communication in the political process. This paper would like to focus entirely on Social Media as a tool in the political process. Political communication has its beginnings during and between the World Wars. There are various types of political communication and political media. Among the political media the Social Media seems to be the most widely used in contemporary political process. The three main elements of political communication are: ideology, propaganda and persuasion. The deployment of Social Media in putting forth one's or party's ideology, propagating one's or party's agenda, and persuading the voter is widespread as never before. Many scholars including Walter Lippmann doubted the efficacy of media in public enlightenment that democracy requires. For, they thought that media cannot tell the truth objectively. Harold Lasswell too took note of the tendency of media propaganda to dupe and degrade the voters. His work expressed the fear of propaganda. This view was partly based on the direct effects theories of media. Similar fear about the Social Media is lurking in the minds of many today. To camouflage such fear political spin doctors might employ political Public Relations. Political spin doctors are press agents or publicists employed to promote favourable interpretations to journalists. They also weave reports of factual events into palatable stories. The case for political public relations is that it enables paternalism, pluralism, and pragmatism. But there is also a case against it in that it leads to news management and spin, corporatism in politics, and 'enlightened self-interest'. The increasing availability of internet even in remote parts of the world has made Social Media a virtual public sphere enabling e-democracy. This has enabled people to read into the official messages (media text/content) that are being sent, interpret them, and draw conclusions for themselves. This is a limitation of media in general, which applies also to the Social Media. From this some scholars argue for the limited impact of the media. In this connection a fundamental question that is being raised is about the validity and sustainability of social networks as a campaign tool: How much do users trust the information they find there? Besides, although accessibility to internet has been on the increase worldwide still there is the 'digital divide'. This tends to limit the effectiveness of Social Media 2 as a tool of political communication among the digital have-nots. Besides, most political communication is directed to and received by men. Thus there is a gender divide too as far as political communication is concerned.

Foreign correspondents shape the image of a country to the eyes of foreign audiences every day through their reporting. Despite this, their role tends to be neglected by both policy-makers and researchers.
By focusing on the UK as a case study, this paper addresses a gap in public diplomacy literature by illuminating the communication processes through which narratives of power and identity are both constructed and projected to foreign publics through journalists. It is based on interviews with foreign correspondents in London and the International Media Officers at the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The study analyzed, on the one hand, the impact of new media on the correspondents’ reporting routines, particularly on their micro-interactions with sources, editors, members of the public, and other journalists. It also focused on the effects that such interactions—spanning face-to-face real world contacts and virtual exchanges—have on the stories they produce. On the other hand it compared the “theory” of dealing with foreign correspondents in public diplomacy official reports to the practice of the International Media Officers.
The paper points to the benefits of developing a research agenda that brings together international communications, news sociology, and international relations. This can help overcome the outdated conceptualizations of public diplomacy that revolve around the idea of “sending a message” and support, instead, forms of engagement fit for the twenty-first century.

The study of Chinese media is a field that is growing and evolving at an exponential rate. Not only are the Chinese media a fascinating subject for analysis in their own right, but they also offer scholars and students a window to observe multi-directional flows of information, culture and communications within the contexts of globalization and regionalization. Moreover, the study of Chinese media provides an invaluable opportunity to test and refine the variety of communications theories that researchers have used to describe, analyse, compare and contrast systems of communications.

The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Media is a prestigious reference work providing an overview of the study of Chinese media. Gary and Ming-Yeh Rawnsley bring together an interdisciplinary perspective with contributions by an international team of renowned scholars on subjects such as television, journalism and the internet and social media. Locating Chinese media within a regional setting by focusing on ‘Greater China’, the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and overseas Chinese communities; the chapters highlight the convergence of media and platforms in the region; and emphasise the multi-directional and trans-national character of media/information flows in East Asia.

Contributing to the growing de-westernization of media and communications studies; this handbook is an essential and comprehensive reference work for students of all levels and scholars in the fields of Chinese Studies and Media Studies.

Today, international communication has got a great significance for people around the world. Societies are more concerned with the positive and beneficial relations with other nations. It seems that the need for interrelationship with other communities is moving the world towards globalization. In such a world, 'advertising' is looked upon as a handy instrument to call for others' attention. In an international context 'translation' plays the role of an intermediate, bridging the gap between the advertiser and the advertisee. The present study is trying to look into international advertising from a cultural point of view, i.e. how advertising slogans are treated in a culturally different setting. It is, further, going to investigate how advertising slogans and their corresponding Persian translations are different in terms of rhetorical figures and how the translators deal with cultural obstacles when translating. For this purpose, a selection of English advertisements of various product brands was made by the researcher. 10 MA students of University of Isfahan, majoring in Translation Studies were required to translate the provided advertisement slogans. Their translations were observed for the type of rhetorical figures utilized and their strategies to handle the cultural barriers. The findings of the study show that Ambiguity is the rhetorical figure that occurred dominantly in the Persian translations. However, in the original English advertisement slogans Pronouns were favored the most. The tendency of translations was mostly toward being acceptability-oriented rather than accuracy-oriented.

منذ أن كتب جيل الرواد عن المدرسة الاشتراكية في الإعلام لم تصدر دور النشر العربية شيئا عن إعلام ما بعد زلزال انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي السابق، وقد تعرض الإعلام الروسي في ربع القرن الأخير لانقلابات عدة على صعيد الملكية والحرية وسياسات التحرير وكذا على صعيد طبيعة جمهوره وصحفييه، ويحاول هذا الكتاب أن يقدم صورة بانورامية عن الإعلام الروسي، خاصة علاقته بالسلطة السياسية ورجال الأعمال، في الفترة التي سيطر فيها بوتين على مقدرات الأمة الروسية.

Friedman's comment above serves to illustrate the profound importance assigned to the cultural and technological forces now reshaping the world. Indeed, Friedman is only one in a long line of commentators and analysts who have ascribed tremendous importance to the forces of globalization and informatization that have already redefined industries, politics, and cultures, and perhaps the underlying rules of social order. Societies and communities have no choice but to participate in this 'New International Information Order,' but the character of their participation is shaped by specific social, cultural, economic and political conditions. This complex multi-level process of mediation between the global and the local, as an inherently communication phenomenon, promises to change not only the context, but likely the nature of intercultural communication.

But what are these forces that seem to have such a profound effect on our lives? The awesome potential of information technologies and globalization has already had a profound impact upon industries, particularly the financial markets. What are the implications of these forces for those interested in intercultural communication? Moreover, in what ways can intercultural communication theory help us to understand these forces? Is the traditional study of intercultural communication, bound as it is by the interpersonal context, even relevant to the new issues arising with globalization and informatization?

It is the purpose of this essay to explore the relevance of these globe-shaping forces to intercultural communication, and vice-versa, to identify some of the salient questions for theorists of intercultural communication that arise as a result of these forces, and finally, to identify the role of intercultural communication in providing foundations for understanding a globalized, technologized world.

Após 25 anos do Relatório MacBride e dos debates sobre a Nova Ordem Mundial da Informação e Comunicação (NOMIC), as assimetrias dos fluxos mundiais de informação permanecem praticamente inalteradas. Embora a comunicação em redes e novas tecnologias de mídia tenham aberto um potencial imenso de mudanças na pauta, na edição e na apuração a distância, o noticiário internacional dos jornais diários brasileiros continua, em larga escala, dependente do material fornecido e filtrado por agências de notícias e veículos estrangeiros. Esta pesquisa identifica o impacto desta configuração no discurso midiático, focando na práxis do jornalismo impresso e na dinâmica das agências de notícias, e propõe alternativas à formação de pauta e à apuração no Jornalismo Internacional.

COMM 4090 / MC 5090 International Communication, Fall 2016

The course explores the structure of international communication, the process of globalization, and the political, economic and cultural contexts of communication. The course maps the historical paths of international communication, looks at global communication theories, and examines global economy and its impact on communication. It critiques the Anglo-American domination within global communication and looks at less industrialized nations’ calls for equality in global information flow. It examines the politics of global communication, global communication law, global advertising and public relations, and critical citizenship in international communication. Overall, it addresses international issues in communication and culture.

This entry is a holistic conceptualization of the US Empire and the cultural industries. The first section conceptualizes the “media” dimension of US Empire and cultural imperialism. The second section highlights the global economic dominance of the US cultural industries and the role played by the US State in supporting this dominance. The third section focuses on the global geopolitics of the US cultural industries and their support for US “soft power” or public diplomacy campaigns that attempt to build transnational consent to dominant ideas about America and US foreign policy. The fourth section conceptualizes “the media products” of US Empire. The concluding section identifies some of the consequences the US cultural industries, US State public diplomacy campaigns, and media products may have within non-US countries.