Knowledge management in public sector

The first comprehensive and authoritative work covering the entire public sector in India, including the public sector banks and the insurance companies as well as the public sector enterprises in the states, the book begins with the philosophy behind the public sector and traces their evolution in India and their subsequent privatisation and disinvestment after the economic liberalisation of 1991. Based on the most up-to-date data and the latest developments, it examines the plight and options before a public sector paralysed by excessive government interference and now trapped hopelessly between the State and the market. Drawing widely upon global experiences, the book argues that disinvestment and privatisation need not be the only answer to reform the public sector companies. They can be rejuvenated and transformed into global champions if freed from the stifling controls by an unimaginative government machinery and depoliticized, with separation of the Government’s roles as shareholder, policy-maker and regulator, along with changing their holding structure.

Bu kitap; duygusal ve davranışsal bozukluklara sahip öğrenciler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen sınıf öğretmenleri, özel eğitim öğretmenleri ve alanda çalışan uzmanlar için hazırlanmış giriş niteliğinde bir uygulama kitabıdır. Her bir bozukluğun nedeni, tanımlanması, güncel araştırmalar ışığında verilmeye çalışılmış ve okul ortamındaki pratik uygulamalarla da anlatım zenginleştirilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak belirli bir bozukluğun tüm yönlerine ilişkin temel yaklaşımla birlikte bilimsel olarak geliştirilmiş müdahele yöntemleri de verilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu kitabın alanda yeni çalışmaya başlayan öğretmenler kadar güncel verilerle desteklenen tanı koyma ve müdahele stratejilrine önem vermesi nedeniyle alanda uzun süredir çalışmakta olan öğretmenlere ve uzmanlara da yararlı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

• The process development and optimization potential needs to be driven by the individial coporate value chain. • The identification of this specific value chain and the related indicators is essential to limit the scope of any analysis and optimization to the core business • The process framework consisting of clearly defined value chain, the related processes and the corresponding indicators is a prerequisite for a meaningful and efficient process analysis and continuous process optimization.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo validar las modificaciones realizadas a un sistema de indicadores para valorar la formación y el desarrollo de expertos que se desempeñan en la actividad docente - investigativa en las universidades. A partir de la experiencia obtenida en una investigación desarrollada para la gestión de la formación y el desarrollo de expertos en un centro de investigación, se realizaron modificaciones al sistema obtenido para adaptarlo a las actividades que efectúan los docentes - investigadores en instituciones de la educación superior. El sistema modificado fue validado en el panel de expertos con el empleo del método Delphi y la aplicación de la escala Likert, así como con el tratamiento estadístico de las respuestas de los participantes. Se modificaron indicadores de tres variables de la dimensión “Cualificación del experto” (Carrera profesional, liderazgo y visibilidad nacional e internacional) y de la variable “Docencia”, de la dimensión “Gestión del experto”. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (0,9274) demostró la consistencia interna del instrumento empleado. Los valores de las medianas y los rangos intercuartílicos alcanzados permitieron establecer el consenso de los participantes en la validación del sistema de indicadores. Las modificaciones realizadas al sistema original permitieron adecuarlo y aplicarlo para la valoración de los expertos docentes - investigadores que laboran en los departamentos responsables de las carreras nucleares en la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Nucleares del Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, adscritos a la Universidad de La Habana, lo cual mostró un desarrollo medio tanto desde el punto de vista de la cualificación como de la gestión de sus expertos.
This paper aims to present a system of indicators for the valuation of teacher and researcher training as expert. Starting from the achieved experience in research conducted for training and development management of experts in a high-tech organization, some modifications were made to the proposed system of indicators to adapt it to the activities of teachers – researchers in higher educational institutions. Delphi method, Likert´ scale, median and interquartil rank were used to
validate the modified system of indicators. The indicators for three variables (Professional Career, Leadership and National and International Visibility) of Expert Qualification dimension
and Teaching for Expert Management dimension were modified. The obtained value for Alpha Cronbach Coefficient (0.9274) proved the internal consistency of applied instrument. The values
for medians and interquartil ranks concluded the consensus of the participants. The fulfilled modifications allowed applying the system of indicators to the valuation of teaching and research
experts who works in the departments responsible for nuclear specialties in the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences of
the Havana University. An average development from the point of view their qualifications and their management were obtained.

It can be undoubtedly said that knowledge and innovation are widely acknowledged as key drivers of growth and economic development of nation.  Asia and pacific block has emerged as one of the major hubs of the world economy; the share of the Asia and Pacific region in global gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 21% in 1980 to 38% in 2012. As per IMF report 2012, the share of developing Asia in global GDP rose sharply from 8% to 26% in the same period, and it is expected to reach 30% by 2017. The Asia 2050 report of the ADB projects that if Asia continues to grow on its trajectory, it could account for 52% of global GDP by 2050 and this hub is deemed as potentially promising future and 'Asian Century'.  As per the OECD report 2010, the share of Asia in the global middle class is currently about a quarter but it is projected to double by 2020. Asia is expected to be the world’s fastest-growing market in the coming decade; the rapid expansion of the Asian middle class and ensuring demand for more sophisticated, knowledge-intensive goods and services will fuel the rise of knowledge economy (KE) in this region. The 21st century is the era of knowledge economy; no organization can survive without the acquisition, development, and use of knowledge property.
KE is an important vehicle for economic growth in developing countries like Nepal; It is the study of holistic framework constituting institutional mechanism, technologies, employment, education, skill and innovation and their management with use of various techniques and approaches in relation to knowledge.  However, ensuring KE is a major challenge for developing countries like Nepal as it faces the challenge of Knowledge Management (KM). Despite several conflicting circumstances, Nepal, at the moment, is attempting to sort out overarching issues and concerns of KE with respect to expediting its economic development focusing KM in various sectors.

Data, information, knowledge and wisdom (DIKW) are the best known, sequential, theoretical and conceptual stations of understanding of things for taking proper action to save more in assets while losing less in resources in the course of life, both for individuals and legal entities. They are also the most difficult issues that can be differentiated within a certain context by practitioners without studying and referring to pertinent academic researches. Even in the COBIT ® 5 framework, it is not easy to distinguish these items. Despite the fact that the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DMBOK) focuses on data, COBIT 5 seems to focus more on the information layer, rather than data and knowledge, by emphasizing the transition of data into information on the road linking to knowledge. Though information is emphasized as one of the 7 enablers of COBIT 5, knowledge management is considered under the Build, Acquire and Implement (BAI) domain as BAI08 Manage knowledge, a management process. It is possible to argue that the challenges of big data that raise the importance of converting an overwhelmingly huge, sophisticated, doubtful, changeable and intertwined volume of numbers, signs and semiotic reflections into meaningful context. This seems to be very reasonable for the purpose of filling gaps at the diverging paths between data management and knowledge management. Furthermore, COBIT 5 has added a new paradigm of governance of information on the transition of data through the knowledge creation path. However, it seems to be missing or undervaluing the intelligence and wisdom path, which should follow consecutively after knowledge. This article puts those concepts under conceptual, theoretical and logical scrutiny in order to add value to the common body of knowledge for prospective COBIT releases in the future. This study is a pioneering one that handles the COBIT 5 Information enabler with a critical approach using arduous epistemological thinking of information theory, and considers the possibility that there may be some points left ambiguous, superfluous or incomplete. In this study, along with discussions on intelligence and wisdom under the context boundaries of COBIT 5 enabling information, there are also some issues such as data and data governance; information governance and management; information goals/quality criteria; information attributes; DIKW; and divine wisdom, wisdom of the crowd, and knowledge manufacturing concepts that are briefly discussed in order to obtain a better understanding of the problem to contribute to the evolving common body of knowledge of COBIT 5. DISCUSS THIS ARTICLE

The aim of the present study is to identify the extent
to which commercial Islamic banks in Jordan pay
attention to knowledge management and to explore the
interest level with various knowledge resources in their
strategies. The other goal is to identify the part taken by
knowledge resource diversification strategy in the increase
of organizational learning levels among employees.
Participants were (220) employees selected with the
simple random method and recruited from the different
organizational levels at branch Islamic banks in Jordan
representing 20% of the whole population (N=1101). Data
collected using the questionnaires were analyzed to and
the following results were reached:
a. In general, the commercial Islamic banks employ
the diversification strategy management at high level
(M=3.93), and questionnaire areas were in the following
descendent order: organizational entities, human
resources, and artifacts made in the organization.
b. Results show that knowledge resource diversification
strategy management has a significant part at a high
level (M=4.34) in increasing the organizational learning
level among employees at the Jordanian Islamic banks
studied. Specifically, dimensions of knowledge resource
diversification strategy management were in descendant
order: artifacts made by the organization, organizational
entities, and human resources available at the organization.
c. There were no statistically significant differences
attributed to sex and experience regarding the role of
knowledge resource diversification strategy management;
whereas statistically significant differences attributed to
academic qualifications were found regarding the role of
knowledge resource diversification strategy management
excluding the knowledge resources related to artifacts
made by the organization.

Triple Bottom Line (3 BL) Sustainability has been expressed as a tool in the hands of policy makers to achieve competitive advantage. Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) conceptualizes the design, control, and operation of the supply chain systems to recover the value from the product even after their useful life through the processes of reuse and recycle. Efficient management of CLSC operations in metal recycling industry will enhance 3BL sustainability. The present study investigates and shortlists critical sustainability factors in metal recycling CLSC operations. The study applies Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify the most important factors and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques to check the reliability and validity of these factors through statistical analysis. The study identifies five most important factors to achieve sustainability in metal recycling CLSC. Although the article is focused on the Indian metal recycling industry but factors can be relevant for researchers in other developing countries, where similar economic, social and environmental conditions exist.

Ünlü eğitim psikoloğu Robert Slavin'in Eğitim Psikolojisi kitabının onuncu baskısı, kuramı uygulamaya aktarma konusunda önemli bir eksikliği gidermekte ve öğretmenlerin sınıfta ihtiyaç duyabilecekleri alanlarda uygulayabilecekleri bilgileri içermektedir.

Kitap, yansıtıcı ve bilinçli bir öğretmenin uygulayabileceği en yeni araştırmaları sunarak, bilinçli öğretmen üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Slavin'e göre bilinçli öğretmen, uygulamasını devamlı surette yansıtan ve bu uygulamaların öğrencileri nasıl etkilediği hakkında net bir düşünceye dayalı olarak öğretim kararları veren kişidir.

Bu kitapta okuyucular alanda önemli ve yeni ortaya çıkan bazı konular ile karşılaşmaktadır. Bu konulardan bazıları; 21. yüzyıl becerileri, ilk yıllarda dil ve okuma yazmanın gelişimi, iki dilli eğitim, nöroloji alanındaki yeni araştırmalar, iş birliğine dayalı öğrenme konusundaki son araştırmalar, okumada sorun yaşayan okuyucular için özel yardım, küçük gruplarla çalışma ve bilişim alanındaki en yeni araştırmalar, gelişmeler ve uygulamalardır. En ince ayrıntısına kadar güncel olan alıntılar, kitabın en güncel araştırmalar üzerine temellendirildiğinin bir göstergesidir. Bu kitapta, 656 yeni ve güncellenmiş kaynak bulunmaktadır. Bu kaynakların % 55'i 2000 yılı sonrasına aittir.

Robert Slavin, akademik derinliğini sergilerken aynı zamanda sanki ders anlatır gibi okuyucuları ile yüz yüze buluşmayı da amaçlamaktadır. Kitap yeni ve farklı bir yaklaşımla pek çok teorik bilgiyi uygulamalı olarak sunan, teorik bilgilerin kavramsal olarak uygulamaya nasıl dönüştürüleceğini göstererek öğretmeyi amaçlayan ve bunda başarılı olduğu açıkça belli olan iyi bir başvuru ve ders kitabı olarak öğrencilere ve eğiticilere önerilmektedir.

The aim of this paper is to explore the dichotomous role of knowledge through an examination of tacit and explicit knowledge in organizational change contexts. The study's aim is achieved by an analytical review of the seminal and contemporary knowledge management literature. The paper contributes to the current body of knowledge management literature by analyzing a wide range of key literature and presenting a contemporary overview that compares the role of tacit and explicit knowledge within organizational change contexts. The findings contribute towards theoretical development in the knowledge management field by providing researchers with future research directions to build upon previous theoretical understandings and advance our collective knowledge of the research domain. The paper offers practical and pragmatic insights that will help firm managers to use tacit and/or explicit knowledge to manage organizational change. This article presents an original comparative table that summarizes and compares the key understandings and insights from across the literature sources on a range of important aspects, and then presents implications for the two knowledge typologies. The paper also presents an original research framework containing a structured database of related calls for research by the latest academic publications. Furthermore, it provides specific and informed managerial recommendations for best practice in the integration of these knowledge typologies into organizational change management.

This research presents a case study of the wine distribution system of the Dominican Republic (DR). It focuses on the emerging wine market which is not a wine producing region, however represents a large and growing market for export of wine. Data were collected though in-depth interviews with major representatives of the DR wine distribution system-importers, retailers, managers of restaurants, all-inclusive resorts, and hotels. In addition, field observations were used as a mechanism of qualitative data collection. The findings show that almost all available wine in the DR is controlled by importers. Importers negotiate promotional costs, slot fees, and promotional budgets with the producers and provide credit to retailers. The Dominican Republic wine market operates in a highly competitive environment; Spain, Chile, Italy, and the United States are primary competitors on this market. Retail represents the biggest channel for sales of imported wines.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

Purpose: of this research is to know the effect of utilization of information technology and internal control of accounting for the value of financial reporting information Design/methodology/approach: quantitative methods using multiple linear regression methods. Findings: Utilization of Information Technology, internal accounting controls have a significant effect on the value of financial reporting information at

Knowledge management is currently changing significantly. KM effectively uses the right information and communication technology (ICT) and social interaction. New ways that exist in the virtual world make it possible to support knowledge and the process of acquiring it because to create knowledge and the process of sharing knowledge in a virtual world environment takes into account the social aspects needed. With the use of web 2.0 technologies, the main communication media in Second Life in the form of text, voice, instant messaging (IM), email and blogs can be maximized. By conducting exploratory analysis on "second life" research that contributes to a general understanding of how technology can be used to support or activate KM in education. College Student and lecturer can participate in teaching and learning processes, while academic staff supports the University business processes. A result provides factors that effects increase and impairment on student score, framework of 4 Pillar Solution Model for Second Life Education is formed and evaluation knowledge sharing maturity using COBIT 4.1 Framework and Maturity Level Classification using CMMI Model.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

Every profession has a core body of knowledge (BoK) that at the very least, uniquely defines and differentiates that  profession within the crowded global landscape of all professions, particularly those that are closely related in terms of purpose, educational and skill requirements, intended audience or market, and tools and practices. Ultimately, a profession's BoK is what legitimizes the profession as a true "profession" in the U.S., as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor.

This article was originally published in the March, 2008 edition of 'Forum' magazine of the Association Forum of Chicagoland. It was targeted at the stakeholders (professional members, leaders, staff, affiliated vendors, ...) of associations/societies that support a designated profession. Although not specifically targeted at them, this article can also provide food for thought for academic fields, industry associations, and other types of organizations within the tax-designated "not-for-profit/NFP/non-profit" sector. However, many in this sector prefer to call it the "social sector" because the social purpose of the organization is much more important to us than its tax status. It also aligns better with the concept of the NGO - non-government organization, used in Europe and a few other areas.

It can also be employed on a universal scale to differentiate and enhance the potential value and interrelationships of professions or specialties by governmental bodies, educational institutions, businesses, and even the public. A dramatic example of the need for a better differentiator between professions/specialties is the American healthcare system, that almost everyone agrees needs a major overhaul. Obamacare is just a baby step or experiment in this direction. It's still a long way from making sense of all the specialties, providers, practices, technologies, services, fees, funding models ... as one critical key to beginning to solve the dilemma of the world's highest healthcare costs (more than double or triple the costs in comparable countries) delivering very poor results (in terms of public health, when compared to those comparable countries).

Typically the BoK of a profession is viewed from the limited perspective of the association function who leads the association's initial attempt to define the BoK of the profession it supports, as evidenced by the typically narrow focus of that project, for example: credentialing standards, exam content, education curricula, web content, best practices, research findings,.... Without something to connect and guide these perspectives toward a common direction, they are likely to sub-optimize the strategic potential of their profession's BoK. This article presents a different approach to BoK based on a belief that the ultimate strategic potential of BOK emerges out of being envisioned, leveraged, shared, and managed as the most valuable asset of the association and the profession it supports!

Toplumsal etkileşimin olduğu her yerde, anlaşmazlıkların olması doğal ve kaçınılmazdır. Kişiler, gruplar ve toplumlar arası anlaşmazlıklar; doğru bir biçimde yönetildiğinde gelişimin, ilerlemenin, dönüşümün, barışın ve bütünleşmenin hem enerji kaynağı hem de motoru olabilmektir. Ancak, anlaşmazlıklar yanlış ve yıkıcı yaklaşımlarla yönetildiğinde ise; yıkımın, şiddetin, zulmün ve acının kaynağına dönüşmektedir.

Anlaşmazlıkları ortadan kaldırma, farklılığı ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Doğa ve insanlık, farklılığı ve çoklığı kabul etmeyi ve anlamayı gerektirir. Farklılığı ortadan  kaldırmaya çalışmak yerine; onu anlamaya ve nasıl yöneteceğimizi keşfetmeye başladığımızda, yolumuz anlaşmazlıklarımızı nasıl yöneteceğimizden geçmektedir. Anlaşmazlıkları nasıl yöneteceğimiz üzerine odaklandığımızda, karşımıza en temel yaklaşım ve paradigma olan "dönüşümsel arabuluculuk" çıkmaktadır.Dönüşümsel arabuluculuğun alanyazına en önemli katkısı, anlaşmazlık çözüm sürecinin toplumsal değerlerden ve kültürden bağımsız olmadığı,ideolojimizin ve inanç tarzımızın anlaşmazlıklara ilişkin değerlendirmelerimizi, tutumlarımızı ve anlaşmazlıklarımızı ele alış tarzımızı etkilediği düşüncesidir. Yine, dönüşümsel arabuluculuğun en ayırt edici özelliği, anlaşmazlıkları yönetim sürecinin, kişileri dönüştürebileceğine, geliştirebileceğine ve güçlendirebileceğine yönelik yapıcı ve olumlu duruşudur.

Bush ve P. Folger tarafından geliştirilen "dönüşümsel arabuluculuk modeli" ülkemizde, her sene mahkemelere taşınan yüz binlerce anlaşmazlığı, çekişmeyi ve ayrışmayı yüz yüze müzakere ederek yapıcı ve barışçıl olarak çözme kapasitesini güçlendirmek için bir fırsat ve araç olacaktır. Cezalandırıcı adalet anlayışından, onarıcı adalet anlayışına dönme çabalarına ışık tutacaktır.

Bu eser,içerdiği alternatif paradigma çerçevesinde hukuk sistemimize yeni giren arabuluculuk modelinin doğru ve amacına uygun kullanılması için de referans olacak anlamlı ve önemli bir eserdir. Buna ek olarak, anlaşmazlık çözümü üzerine çalışan hukukçulara, psikologlara, psikolojik danışmanlara, eğitimcilere, psikiyatristlere ve sosyal çalışmacılara hem kurumsal anlamda hem de somut anlaşmazlıkların ve çatışmaların yapıcı ve barışcıl yönetimi konusunda yol gösterecek temel bir başvuru kaynağı olacaktır.

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w połowie 2014 r., mających na celu identyfikację oczekiwań władz małych miast wobec polskiej państwowej polityki rozwoju lokalnego. Jako źródło informacji o tych oczekiwaniach wybrano grupę 46 burmistrzów małych miast, natomiast jako metodę badawczą zastosowano sondaż diagnostyczny oparty na długim wywiadzie osobistym. Zidentyfikowane oczekiwania dotyczyły reformy systemu stałego finansowania gmin, zmian systemów dystrybucji środków unijnych, wyposażenia samorządów lokalnych w nowe instrumenty oddziaływania na ponadlokalne relacje ich gmin, redukcji antywzorców prowadzenia polityki, usuwania sprzeczności i niejasności prawa, a także zmian zasad funkcjonowania organu stanowiącego i wykonawczego władz lokalnych. Oczekiwania te można i należy traktować jako współczesne wyzwania państwowej polityki rozwoju lokalnego, ponieważ dotyczą one jej gruntownych, wielowymiarowych zmian. Ponadto rozpatrywane łącznie tworzą dla tej polityki wyzwanie, które można określić jako jej współczesne wyzwanie generalne. Jest nim oczekiwanie władz lokalnych, że władze państwowe zwiększą ich podmiotowość w definiowaniu i kreowaniu rozwoju kraju, pogłębiając swoją aprobatę dla paradygmatu rozwoju lokalnego.

[The article presents the results of research carried out in mid-2014 to identify the expectations presented by the authorities of small cities in the light of Polish state local development policy. 46 mayors were selected as the source of information about these expectations and a diagnostic survey based on long personal interviews was chosen as the research method. The expectations concerned the reform of the municipalities’ permanent funding system, changes in the systems governing EU funds distribution, providing local authorities with new instruments for shaping their municipalities’ supra-local relationships, reducing anti-patterns in policy and politics, eliminating contradictions and ambiguities in law, and changes in the rules governing both decisive and executive bodies of local authorities. The expectations discussed should be approached as contemporary challenges for state policy on local development, since the mayors refer to thorough and multidimensional alterations to that policy. Furthermore, if analysed jointly, the expectations constitute a challenge for this policy, which can be referred to as its general contemporary challenge. Local authorities expect that the state government will increase its subjectivity in defining and creating local development by extending its approval for the local development paradigm.]

The physical toil of manufacturing is being replaced by the world where we can work more with our head than hands (Sewell 2005: 685-6) (Hilshop, 2013), the statement clearly shows how important it is to control and manage our knowledge in this new era of knowledge economy. There are numerous ways that knowledge can be managed and there are no simple solutions to this challenge.
This article starts by defining the term “knowledge” and explaining the fact how it can be managed using some key frameworks that are widely accepted by many firms, so that knowledge based resources can be managed effectively. It then identifies the barriers and suggests some steps to overcome those barriers.
The article is based on published exploratory and primary research regarding knowledge management(KM) and results of applied KM application drawn from corporate sectors.

Problematyka rozwoju lokalnego była wielokrotnie podejmowana w literaturze przedmiotu. Liczne prace poświęcone mu koncentrują się na jego celach, czynnikach, stymulowaniu go i na jego pomiarze. Mimo to, jak dotąd niewiele uwagi poświęcono pojęciu polityki rozwoju lokalnego prowadzonej przez władze lokalne. Kategorii polityk rozwoju lokalnego prowadzonych przez władze ponadlokalne w ogóle nie formułowano i nie omawiano. Polityki takie są jednak prowadzone w Polsce i za granicą, a ich znaczenie rośnie. Istnieje zatem potrzeba ich definiowania i charakteryzowania dla budowy aparatu pojęciowego wykorzystywanego w dyskursie naukowym, w praktyce projektowania i aplikacji tych polityk oraz w dydaktyce.
Artykuł to próba odpowiedzi na to wyzwanie. Otwiera go prezentacja genezy i istoty lokalizmu oraz koncepcji rozwoju lokalnego. Następnie sformułowano pojęcia rozwoju lokalnego postrzeganego z perspektyw lokalnej i ponadlokalnej oraz omówiono paradygmat rozwoju lokalnego, jego znaczenie i pozycje˛ wobec innych paradygmatów rozwoju. Bazując na lokalnej i ponadlokalnej perspektywach rozwoju lokalnego, sformułowano kategorie lokalnej (gminnej) praz ponadlokalnych (regionalnej, państwowej i ponadpaństwowej) polityk rozwoju lokalnego i wskazano podmioty, które je prowadzą. Omówiono także cele i cechy tych polityk, sposoby ich prowadzenia oraz ich pozycje wobec innych polityk funkcjonalnych i horyzontalnych. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono spójności wertykalną i horyzontalną ponadlokalnych polityk rozwoju lokalnego. W artykule wykorzystano metody badawcze krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, indukcji, dedukcji i analogii.

[The local development issues were repeatedly discussed in the subject literature. Numerous works devoted to it focus on its objectives, factors and its measurement. Despite this, until now, a little attention has been paid to the category of local development policy pursued by local authorities. The categories of local development policies pursued by the supra-local authorities have not been formulated or discussed at all. Nevertheless, such policies are held in Poland and abroad, and their importance is growing. Thus, there is a need for their definement and characterizing for the construction of nomenclature used in academic discourse and in the practice of design and the application of these policies and in didactics as well. The purpose of this article is to answer this challenge. It opens with the presentation of the origin and the nature of localism and the idea of local development. Then the categories of the local development perceived from the local and supra-local perspectives have been formulated, as well as local development paradigm, its meaning and position in relation to other paradigms of development have been described. Based on local and supra-local perspectives of local development, the categories of local (municipal) and supra-local (regional, national and international) policies of local development have been formulated and the entities who pursue them have been pointed. Also the purpose and features of these policies, ways of their pursuing and their positions in relation to other functional and horizontal policies have been described. Next, the vertical and horizontal cohesion of supra-local policies of local development have been presented. The article uses the research methods of critical analysis of the subject literature, induction, deduction and analogy.]

This article explores science cities and their basic characteristics. A brief outline of science cities in different parts of the world is given. A more detailed case description is presented on the most significant science city project in the world, Tsukuba Science City in Japan. Lastly, the future of science cities will be discussed in the light of recent trends and developments.

From cross comparison viewpoint, this study has been designed with the objectives of: first, to explore the key influential aspects of CRM and second, to identify and critically discuss the current trends of CRM adoption. Tesco and Sainsbury's are two major retailers in the United Kingdom and taking these as the case studies. This mixed method study has employed the in depth interview techniques with the use of semi-structured questions. Major retailers in the United Kingdom have been adopting strategies and policies of customer relationship management. Results have indicated that, effective CRM can influences positively and thus to ensure business growth and profitability. The Loyalty Card holders of both Tesco and Sainsbury's do not frequently shop at other retailers, responsiveness is the key factor for effective CRM, and newsletters sent to the customers are the most reliable way for information sharing.

Dans une logique de mondialisation favorisée par le développement de nouveaux outils informatiques, les échanges économiques, et les alliances stratégiques, le rôle de l’État et son organisation ont amplement évolué. L’Etat a été ainsi confronté à la nécessité de se « moderniser », autrement dit, de réviser son structure et de se confronter à une réalité internationale dont les sujets de « efficacité » et « efficience » ont commencé a émerger dans une administration de nature « wébérienne » donc les agents de la fonction publique étaient uniquement confrontés à l’accomplissement dune certaine nombre de taches sans se demander sans que la « satisfaction » des usagers soit prise en compte, ou même sans tenir en compte qu’entant qu’agent public il existait un certain « obligation » vers un usager qui est à la fois « actionnaire » car c’est grâce aux impôts que les premiers sont payés. Ce questionnement sur la nature de l’argent publique a fait émerger une nécessité de contrôler les dépenses publiques et de mieux cibler les projets de l’État.

Anksiyete; kaygı veya başka bir deyişle endişe insanların deneyimlediği bir korku ve gerilim halidir. Bazı görüşlere göre yaşanan iç çatışmaların sonucudur. Bazılarına göre ise öğrenilmiş davranışlardır. Denetim dışına çıkıp kişinin işlevselliğini aksattığında rahatsızlık olarak adlandırılır.

Eskiden insanların ortalama ömürleri otuz beş yılken ve kendi küçücük dünyalarında yaşarken çoğu kez endişeli olmaya fırsatları olmazdı ve anksiyeteden söz edilmezdi. Oysa, globalleşmenin dünyayı adeta kocaman bir ülkeye dönüştürmesi , mobil teknolojilerin ve sosyal medyanın günbegün hayatımıza sirayeti, bilgisayarların gitgide insan gücünün yerini alması, rekabetin hızla artması, stresli yaşam koşulları ve tarihte hiç olmadığı kadar çok sayıda seçenek arasından karar verme mecburiyeti günümüzde anksiyeteyi en yaygın zihinsel rahatsızlık konumuna getirmiştir. Günümüzde sadece ABD'de yılda 40 milyon kişi anksiyete rahatsızlığından muzdarip olmakta, her dört kişiden biri ise hayatının bir noktasında onunla mücadele etmektedir.

Aksiyete Çağı'm adlı kitapta The Atlantic adlı derginin editörü olan yazar Scott Stossel, kendi yaşadığı ve hayatını etkileyen anksiyete sorununu keşfetmek üzere çıktığı cesur yolculuğu okurlarla paylaşmaktadır. Bu yolculukta Stossell, insanlara büyük ısdırap veren , ancak çoğu kez zayıflık olarak görülen bu illeti; arka planda yıllardan beri incelediği genetik ve sinirbilimi bulguları ve anksiyete tarihi olmak üzere kendisinin ve yakın aile bireylerinin şaşırtıcı hayat hikayesi eşliğinde esprili bir dille ve büyük bir içtenlikle anlatmaktadır.Kitapta ayrıca, anksiyete kıskacına sıkışmış dünyaca ünlü kişilere ve onların hikayelerine de yer verilmektedir.

En los últimos años hemos visto la expansión de políticas de transparencia y datos abiertos en diversos gobiernos de la región, bajo la corriente de Gobierno Abierto. Gobiernos de todo el mundo han elevado sus niveles de transparencia, en gran parte gracias a la presión impuesta por la sociedad civil, el periodismo y la ciudadanía en general. Sin embargo, la transparencia de los datos no es lo mismo que la transparencia en los procesos de gobierno. Un gobierno puede abrir información sobre sus gastos o contrataciones, pero eso nada nos dice sobre cómo se llevó a cabo ese proceso o si se cumplieron las partes del “contrato”. Generar mayores niveles de transparencia en los procesos de un gobierno (asignación de subvenciones, contrataciones, licitaciones, etc.) significa elevarnos un escalón más en el camino hacia una mayor accountability. En el siguiente trabajo se analizan las implicancias del blockchain sobre las actividades de gobierno, en especial para la transparencia y el Gobierno Abierto. Para ello, analizaremos la experiencia llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), en la cual se ha utilizado esta tecnología para dar mayor transparencia y confianza a la entrega de subsidios culturales del municipio. El paper realiza un análisis conceptual sobre blockchain y sus implicancias, para luego describir las características de la prueba piloto, sus impactos y aprendizajes. Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo en el marco del Fellowship OEA en Gobierno Abierto para las Américas, del año 2017.

In recent years we have seen the expansion of transparency and open data policies in various governments of the region, under the Open Government trend. Governments around the world have raised their levels of transparency, largely thanks to the pressure imposed by civil society, journalism and citizens. However, the transparency of data is not the same as transparency in government processes. A government can open information about its expenses or contracts, but that tells us nothing about how this process was carried out or whether the clauses of the "contract" were fulfilled. Generating greater levels of transparency in the processes of government (allocation of subsidies, contracts, tenders, etc.) means raising one step further on the road towards greater accountability. In the following paper we analyze the implications of the blockchain technology on government activities, especially for transparency and open government. We will analyze the experience carried out in the city of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), in which this technology has been used to give greater transparency and confidence to the delivery of cultural subsidies from the municipality. The paper makes a conceptual analysis about blockchain and its implications, to then describe the characteristics of the pilot test, its impacts and learning. This work has been carried out within the framework of the OAS Fellowship in Open Government in the Americas, 2017.

El propósito del presente ensayo, está centrado en el interés por establecer argumentos sólidos que sensibilicen a las organizaciones gubernamentales, civiles o empresariales para establecer sus propios ideales, así como trabajar en el diseño y puesta en marcha de la administración estratégica en la organización. Es de reconocer que, hasta en la administración pública se están haciendo esfuerzos interesantes al respecto; ejemplo de ello, lo demuestra que el Gobierno Federal de México, el Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato, así como el Gobierno del Municipio de Celaya, entre otros casos, representan un sencillo ejemplo que ilustra la importancia de la administración estratégica; por esa razón se requiere formar estrategas profesionales, para que formulen un planeación sistémica del futuro deseado, al tiempo que den cabal cumplimiento a todos los objetivos y las metas a través de indicadores que midan y evalúen la gestión de estrategias de la propia organización.

Bu kitap, girişimci olarak yeni bir işe başlayan ya da girişimci olup işlerini sistemli ve stratejik olarak büyütmek isteyen kişilere girişimciliğin tüm yönlerini kapsayan pratik bir rehberdir. Özellikle 21. yüzyılda girişimciliğin kaçınılmaz gerekliliği olan fırsatların hızlı olarak geliştirilip, karlı şirketlere dönüşmesinde gerekli olan stratejiyi sistemli olarak okuyucuları adım adım yönlendirmektedir. Başarılı bir işletme oluşturmak için gerekli tüm prosedürler bu kitapta mevcutdur:
Düzgün yasal altyapıyı,
İş modelleri ve planları,
Organizasyon modelleri,
Pazarlama stratejileri,
Güçlü finansal alt yapı,
Fikri Sınai Mülki Haklar
Patentleme ve Lisanslama
Müşteri ihtiyaç analizleri ve müşteri memnuniyeti.
Günümüzde piyasaları büyüten küçük işletme ve girişimcilerin haberleriyle dolu. Girişimcilik özellikle de küçük işletmelerin girişimcilik hareketi küresel ekonomide büyük bir güç haline geldi. Dünya çapında politika yapıcılar artık küçük ama dinamik girişimcilerin, ekonomik gelişme ve refahın artmasında oynadıkları önemli rolden haberdarlar. Yaratıcı, müşteri odaklı, yeni ürün ve hizmetler sunan,kendilerini başarılı olmaya adamış, dinamik, kararlı kadın ve erkek girişimcilerin ellerinde yeni bir girişimcilikten söz edilmekte. İste bu kitap, bu yeni girişimcilik için okuyuculara yol haritası vermekte. Girişimciliğin öğretilebilecek önemli sırlarını vererek, empati yoluyla küçük değerlerden nasıl fark yaratabileceğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Ayrıca kitap sosyal inovasyon ve sosyal girişimcilik ile ekonomik refah sağlamanın ötesinde dünyayı daha yaşanılası bir yer haline getirmedeki sistemi de sunmaktadır. Kitabın en önemli vurgusu ise bu yeni girişimcilik ruhuna sahip olanların daha kolay bir şekilde pek çok insanın yaşam standartlarını artırma becerisini kanıtlayan sosyo-ekonomik-kültürel-çevresel devrime liderlik etme üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Küçük işletmelerin yönetiminde ve/ya girişimcilik derslerinde bu kitabı kullanarak yaşadığımız toplumda ya da dünya çapında kısa-orta-uzun süreli olumlu değişiklikler meydana getirmek mümkün olacaktır. Sosyo-ekonomik-kültürel-çevresel değişim ve dönüşüme katkı sağlayan bu kitap ile iş başarısı ve finansal zenginlik elde etmek ve yeni girişimcilerden olmak için düşünme şeklini değiştiren ve stratejik hedefleri koyarak gerçekleştirmeyi sağlamak kolay olacaktır.

Bu kitapla ilk seanstan son seansa kadar, yardım ilşikisini yapılandırmanın yollarını gösteren bir haritaya sahip olacaksınız. Kitap boyunca ilişki kurma konusunda ilişkinin yapısını ve danışmanlık sürecini; anlama konusunda problemi analiz etmeyi, duyguları, düşünceleri iletişim ve eylemleri değerlendirmeyi; değişim konusunda ise tüm bu alanlarda yapılan müdahaleleri ve belirli teknikleri öğreneceksiniz. Her bir bölümdeki etkinlikler ile ilgili becerileri uygulama yoluyla edinme ve kitap sonunda kazanımlarınızı yeniden değerlendirme imkânı bulacaksınız.

This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population.

ABSTRACT: Governance organisations have been urged to develop more holistic evidence-based approaches with partners to better deal with issues affecting the governed population. This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations.

This case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships.

The research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders.

The study examined:

- stakeholder engagement and networks
- current and varied understandings of the population
- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings
- the influence of context on organisational learning

and analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population.

In the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships.

However, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations.

Nonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches.

It was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia.   

Recommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study.

It is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions.

The work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by Prof. Patsy Healy)

Globally organisations (private and public alike) are being pressured by the public to be more efficient in the use of their resources, to be flexible in the face of changing local and global trends, and to be more accountable in the use of resources and assets. This includes not leaving important organisational aspects such as intellectual capital development, relationship management, stakeholder engagement and knowledge management to chance.

Both private and public organisations are therefore purposefully turning toward organisational learning and its modern format, knowledge management, for insight. Unfortunately, most of the books in this area focus on the theoretical aspects of learning and knowledge management.  Additionally, executives, managers and employees in public organisations are finding that most of the learning and knowledge management literature has been exclusively written for the private sector.

It is with the above in mind that we have researched and designed theory, insights and frameworks that would work for the public sector. This text was written to be practical and implementable – hence the focus on ‘praxis’ in the title. One of the questions we are often asked is, “Now that I know something about knowledge management, and believe that it can add value to my organisation, where do I start and what do I start doing?”

Knowledge Management Praxis not only provides the phased tools for “doing”, through practical questionnaires, surveys and framework, but if worked on simultaneously by multiple members of a department or division, creates the necessary shared language and understanding for generating rapid successes and effectiveness.  It has been written primarily for managers and employees (even though it could assist in strategic planning processes).

Although most of the book refers specifically to the public sector, managers and employees in the private sector will benefit from the insights, templates and frameworks, surveys and practicality of the book.

The text draws on best practice, and is borne out of the research and consulting experiences of the authors, it is therefore both relevant and known to be effective.

We believe that it presents an interesting collective of inquiry, that has been contextualised both in its implications for theory and practice of knowledge management.

El presente proyecto partió del supuesto de que es necesario y posible que el Instituto Politécnico Nacional oriente parte de sus recursos a la integración ordenada y consistente de los avances del desarrollo tecnológico del sistema educativo nacional, y de sus homólogos en el extranjero, para instaurar y operar sistemas de vanguardia en la impartición de sus programas académicos de posgrado, específicamente a través de modalidades eficientes de Educación a Distancia en su Maestría en Administración Pública.  Los avances en la tecnología de las telecomunicaciones y la informática permiten un  cambio sustancial en la capacidad de llevar contenidos educativos a la gran mayoría de la población, con inversiones y costos viables.  El estudio comprueba que habrá una significativa demanda de especializaciones, Maestrías y doctorados en ciencias administrativas con especialidad en administración pública, mismo que permitió conocer con detalle el comportamiento de la educación de posgrado de la MAP en cuanto a demanda insatisfecha en este nivel educativo, así como la necesidad de profesionales y requerimientos de actualización técnica y profesional;  en el ámbito de los sectores social y de servicios.