Linked Data

In October, 2011, the Library Linked Data Incubator Group (LLD XG) created by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published its final report. This report suggest libraries how they should made their data available in the web (and not just on the web), to make them available also directly by search engines. To comply with requirements the report, libraries should publish their data in a more expressive form, in which also values of relationships among data must be registered. The paper illustrates main features and requirements of library linked data, as described in the report and in relation to cataloguing topic, explains issues relating to the present format of library data and discuss the opportunities offered by RDA and REICAT, the two codes of rules published in compliant with FRBR. This report could result as important for the library community as FRBR has been till now.

Linked Data involves web to create typed links between different sources of data. Source data may vary in location, size, subject-matter and how congruously it is structured. Links produced from this data create equality and define properties to make data easier to read for machines. Linked Data is relatively unexplored in the domain of education. Linked Up Challenge have surfaced to encourage innovative applications focused on open educational data Massive Open Online Courses or MOOCs are online courses accessible to anyone on the web. Many of institutions have joined in an archive to make education more accessible by synchronizing with MOOC providers such as Coursera and NPTEL Delivering course content through lecture videos as well as readings and problem sets, MOOCs encourage interactivity between professors and students around the world by way of discussion forums and graded assessments. For most information associated with their course catalog. This includes properties such as a courses title, instructor, and syllabus details. Although Coursera's course catalog data is easily accessible as JSON, there is no option to retrieve and use it in a Linked Data format such as the RDF .there is no Linked Data available for MOOCs or for ontology that represent properties unlike to MOOCs In order to incorporate MOOC data into the Linked Data cloud as well as demonstrate the potential of Linked Data when applied to education, we propose to (i) developed or extend an RDF ontology which denotes properties of MOOC .(ii)use ontology that generate Linked Data from different MOOC providers.

This article presents a paper-based Tangible User Interface (TUI) that facilitates the production of complex queries on a Cultural Heritage (CH) repository. The system helps to easily make use of the data elements and Boolean logic that describe the collections. This research presents a design methodology divided into two main phases: A User Experience (UX) and User Centred Design (UCD) where potential users’ behaviours are analysed, followed by the development and evaluation of the TUI prototype.
The TUI uses off the shelf electronics and a paper-based set of tokens to engage the user with the system, thus facilitating the exploration with CH collections through querying.

Structural analysis plays a crucial role during the designing of mechanism. Structural analysis of kinematic chain deals with connection among the members of kinematic chain and its mobility. In the present work efforts has been made to provide adequate solution of structural analysis of kinematic chain by considering the example of twelve link mechanism. With the help of graph theory the structure of the kinematic chain is shown by its kinematic graph in which the links shows the vertices and the joints shows the edges. The kinematic graph is then represented by incidence matrix or adjacency matrix. This matrix shows the connection between the links. Then a simple method is applied on the matrix to determine the coefficient of characteristic polynomial equation. Finally for mobility analytic test is performed to find whether kinematic chain possess total, fractioned, or partial degree of freedom.

The comprehension of linked data, consisting of classes, individuals, attributes, relationships, and other elements, is challenging yet important for effective use of linked data. An approach to improve software program comprehension is through the code city metaphor, in which object-oriented source code is visualized as a habitable city in 3D. We propose the linked-data city metaphor to support comprehension of linked data. Through improved linked data comprehension we in turn aim to support users in browsing linked data and in analyzing the structure of linked data. We discuss how different mappings and visualization of properties in the city metaphor may support users in browsing and structural analysis of linked data. A prototype implementation of linked data city in LD-R, a linked data-aware faceted browser, is presented.

In this case study I have invented a simple company scenario of Called SOUQ UAE an online shopping application and identified a few appropriate goods/services and also shown how the application of GoodRelations would help a semantic search engine to find these goods/services and the a very simple illustration of the basic ideas behind GoodRelations in a concrete example which is the SOUQ UAE Online shop.

MapXplore is an attempt to build a mainstream, useful, and easy to use application that uses linked data at its core. As such, it will be one of very few such apps on the Apple, or for that matter any of the mobile app stores. The purpose of the application is to allow users to browse any part of the globe, and identify points of interest from DBPedia articles. They can then drill down into traditional as well as linked data sources to get a comprehensive view of the points of interest. We note some difficulties in working with current linked data resources, and suggest some methods to help pave a future rich in popular, easy to use mobile semantic applications. By using these guidelines we aim to keep refining MapXplore to make it a showcase application for the power of linked data.

Purpose – To explore the use of LexiURL as a Web intelligence tool for collecting and analysing links to digital libraries, focusing specifically on the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH). Design/methodology/approach – The Web intelligence techniques in this study are a combination of link analysis (web structure mining), web server log file analysis (web usage mining), and text analysis (web content mining), utilizing the power of commercial search engines and drawing upon the information science fields of bibliometrics and webometrics. LexiURL is a computer program designed to calculate summary statistics for lists of links or URLs. Its output is a series of standard reports, for example listing and counting all of the different domain names in the data. Findings – Link data, when analysed together with user transaction log files (i.e., Web referring domains) can provide insights into who is using a digital library and when, and who could be using the digital library if...

SFX is an XML based product designed to inter-link electronic resources with other resources in context-sensitive manner. SFX was first developed at the University of Ghent by Herbert Von de Sompel and has been released as a commercial product by Ex Libris. Use statistics garnered from SFX's statistics module since the implementation July of 2001 are discussed in the context of an academic research library environment. The results from usability testing conducted at Washington State University are reported.  These usage statistics demonstrated a pattern of increasing use and exceptional use from FirstSearch databases.

We present a query formulation language (called MashQL) in order to easily query and fuse structured data on the web. The main novelty of MashQL is that it allows people with limited IT skills to explore and query one (or multiple) data sources without prior knowledge about the schema, structure, vocabulary, or any technical details of these sources. More importantly, to be robust and cover most cases in practice, we do not assume that a data source should have-an offline or inline-schema.

This paper presents our approach to designing and developing the EAGLE (EnhAnced Government Learning) platform and its Open Data and Linked Data features. The aim of the platform is for local governments in rural areas to adopt Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) solutions as an effective way to keep up with the fast pace of innovation, which is affecting public administration in the EU. EAGLE is based on open source tools, such as Apache Marmotta (Linked Data Platform) and Apache Stanbol (semantic enhancement engine). It uses Linked Data as an integration technology. We present three steps to our approach: (i) data integration from various government and/or learning data sources, (ii) semantic data enhancement, and (iii) publishing the enhanced data as Linked Data. These steps lead towards creation and deployment of services tailored to support extensive learning for public administration in rural areas, employing assessment technologies, change management methods, and cross-device ...

This is a pre-print of the article:
Maximilian Heimstädt, Fredric Saunderson, and Tom Heath (2014) Conceptualizing Open Data Ecosystems: A timeline analysis of Open Data development in the UK. In Proceedings of the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM2014), Krems, Austria.

Public participation in the use of Open Government Data (OGD) in the United Kingdom remains limited, specialised, and low. Four foundational issues contribute to this: definitional conflation between data and information, targeting of OGD at “everyone” without identification of specific actor groups, dependence on intermediaries, and government’s disproportionate focus on data supply. The digital ecosystem metaphor can reconceptualise these issues, clarifying the distinctions between entities and agents and how these interact. Application of this metaphorical framework provides a way of moving from the current client-server approach to a more cyclical and interrelated environment that enables broader participation. The English Indices of Deprivation 2010 data and the Open Data Communities linked data portal from the Department for Communities and Local Government exemplify much of this ecosystem thinking and provide useful empirical case studies.

Today's ICT system necessarily involves multiple system domains complying with different management models. Integration of domain-specific management models is required to achieve, for example, agile fault localization in a huge ICT system, but this has not been efficiently achieved due to the difficulty in bridging multiple management models. To address this issue, we propose a systems management architecture reusing an existing standardized system management model for each domain and integrating them by introducing meta-data modeling. To show the feasibility of our proposal, we demonstrate that managed data of IT and network resources modeled by Common Information Model (CIM) and Shared Information Data (SID) model are bridged by meta-data modeling based on Resource Description Framework (RDF). The architectural design implies reduced effort thanks to use of well-deployed and standardized models and meta-data modeling language with its easy-to-use query language.

Session on linked data and OpenRefine in "Stay Savvy with Scholarly Communication Brown Bag Lunch" at the University of Central Florida Libraries. It covers the following topics: Why does linked data matter? How can libraries and librarians embrace linked data? Linked Data in the Library and the Web (Cases, Standards and Vocabularies); Linked Data Design Principles, Building Blocks & Creation; Current Digital Repositories and Linked Data; Data Editing Tool: OpenRefine (Features, Examples); Possible Ways to Get Involved.

This paper analyses the possibility of exploiting a small spacecrafts constellation around Mars to ensure a complete and continuous coverage of the planet, for the purpose of supporting future human and robotic operations and taking advantage of optical transmission techniques. The study foresees such a communications mission to be implemented at least after 2020 and a high data-rate requirement is imposed for the return of huge scientific data from massive robotic exploration or to allow video transmissions from a possible human outpost.In addition, the set-up of a communication constellation around Mars would give the opportunity of exploiting this multi-platform infrastructure to perform network science, that would largely increase our knowledge of the planet.The paper covers all technical aspects of a feasibility study performed for the primary communications mission. Results are presented for the system trade-offs, including communication architecture, constellation configuration and transfer strategy, and the mission analysis optimization, performed through the application of a multi-objective genetic algorithm to two models of increasing difficulty for the low-thrust trajectory definition.The resulting communication architecture is quite complex and includes six 530 kg spacecrafts on two different orbital planes, plus one redundant unit per plane, that ensure complete coverage of the planet’s surface; communications between the satellites and Earth are achieved through optical links, that allow lower mass and power consumption with respect to traditional radio-frequency technology, while inter-satellite links and spacecrafts-to-Mars connections are ensured by radio transmissions. The resulting data-rates for Earth–Mars uplink and downlink, satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-surface are respectively 13.7 Mbps, 10.2 Mbps, 4.8 Mbps and 4.3 Mbps, in worst-case.Two electric propulsion modules are foreseen, to be placed on a C3∼0 escape orbit with two Zenith Sea Launch rockets in March 2021 and carrying four satellites each. After the entrance in Mars sphere of influence, the single spacecrafts separate and spiral-down with Hall effect thrusters until they reach the final operational orbits in April 2025, at 17,030 km of altitude and 37 deg of inclination. The preliminary design includes 105 kg and 577 W of mass and power margin for each satellite, that can be allocated for scientific payloads.The main challenges of the proposed design are represented by the optical technology development and the connected strict pointing constraints satisfaction, as well as by the Martian constellation operations management.This mission study has therefore shown the possibility of deploying an effective communication infrastructure in Mars orbit employing a small amount of the resources needed for the human exploration programme, additionally providing the chance of performing important scientific research either from orbit or with a network of small rovers carried on-board and deployed on the surface.

La  tarea  de  Desambiguación  de  Entidades  Nombradas,  junto  con  la  de  Reconocimiento  de
Entidades Nombradas, ha venido a intentar automatizar el proceso de construcción de la Web
Semántica aun cuando se cuenta con la realidad de que los  sistemas actuales que responden
a ambas,  están  lejos de prescindir  de una etapa de supervisión humana para corregir  los errores
que pudieran surgir en su aplicación. Por su complejidad, ambos problemas, siguen abiertos a
la comunidad de investigación,  sin  solución completa  para dominios generales de textos en
Lenguaje Natural.  Es por eso que este trabajo, a modo de  aproximación,  además de un sistema
de  Desambiguación  de  Entidades  Nombradas  para  español  e  inglés,  brinda  un  conjunto  de
ideas  y medidas de similaridad  que pudieran ser de mucha utilidad para tal tarea.  Estas métricas
de similaridad entre una entidad nombrada y una entidad, combinan algoritmos de Inteligencia
Artificial  como  el  de  aprendizaje  supervisado  Multinomial  Naive  Bayes,  con  la  distancia  de
Levenshtein y la similitud coseno del Modelo Vectorial de Recuperación  de Información. En el
sistema implementado,  buscando  poner  en práctica las métricas diseñadas,  se realizó el enlace
con DBpedia  a través de Wikipedia, y se probó el desempeño de varias configuraciones  de
dicho  sistema  en  un  pequeño  corpus  manual  para  el  idioma  inglés,  estas  configuraciones
respondieron a las medidas y técnicas de Procesamiento del  Lenguaje Natural utilizadas para
la desambiguación.