Media Impact and Effects and Usages

İletişim olgusu, toplumsal bir varlık olan insan için her dönem önemli bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Tarihin ilk dönemlerinden itibaren doğa ile iç içe yaşayan insan beslenme, barınma ve korunma gibi temel ihtiyaçlarını giderirken iletişim kurmaya çabalamıştır. İletişim her dönem insanların hayatlarını biçimlendirmiş, yaşayışlarına yön vermiştir. Toplumsal dönüşümü hızlandıran ve sosyalleşmeyi biçimlendiren iletişim olgusu, medyanın etkisiyle birlikte daha zengin bir yapıya kavuşmuştur. Geleneksel medyadan yeni medyaya dönüşüm sürecinde iletişim teknolojileri etkisini derinden hissettirmiş ve içinde yaşadığımız dönem “medya çağı” olarak ifade edilmeye başlamıştır. İletişim bugün gerek sokakta, gerek evde izlediğimiz televizyonlarda, gerek sanal ortamda ve gerekse de reel hayatımızda vazgeçemediğimiz olgular arasında yer almaktadır. 23 farklı çalışmadan oluşan bu kitap, altı farklı kategoride bulunan bilimsel çalışmaları kapsamaktadır. Bu kategoriler sırasıyla; “Halkla İlişkiler ve Medya”, “Bilişim ve Medya”, “Sinema ve Medya”, “Sanat ve Medya”, “Kültür ve Medya”, “Siyasal İletişim ve Medya”dır.

Disrupting the Gaze is written in three parts. The first chapter Art Intervention and the Tate Gallery investigates contemporary art intervention at the Tate Gallery. It includes artists, art groups and activists: Graham Harwood, Platform, Liberate Tate, IOCOSE, Tamiko Thiel, Mel Evans, Mark McGowan, Mark Wallinger, Damien Hirst and Britart. The second chapter The Power and the Gaze studies the history of the Tate Gallery, its connection with the Millbank Penetentiary and the “Panopticon", Jeremy Bentham’s design and concept for the prison. The third chapter explores different concepts of “the gaze” and includes feminist, societal and media art contexts. Together they form part of a larger study that looks at dissent in the context of contemporary art, technology and social change.
Each artist(s) featured in this chapter delivers his or her own particular unofficial and official mode of art intervention at the Tate Gallery. Whether these interventions concern economic, social or political conditions, they all connect in different ways. Less in their style or genre than as contemporary artistic practitioners exploring their own states of agency in a world where our public interfaces are as much a necessary place of creative engagement, as is the already accepted physical ‘inner’ sanctum of the gallery space. These artists’ and their artworks have become as equally significant (perhaps even more) than, the mainstream art establishment’s franchised celebrities.
In his vindication of those artists hidden away in places where the art establishment’s light rarely shines, Gregory Sholette observes that “when, the excluded are made visible, when they demand visibility, it is always ultimately a matter of politics and rethinking history.”  (Sholette 2011) This draws upon a contemporary art culture and its audiences beyond the mainstream. These artistic discoveries and discourse arise from an independent art culture that is rarely reflected back to us. Instead, we receive more of the same, marketed franchises. The central, mainstream version of contemporary art has found its allies within a global and corporate culture, where business dictates art value. Meanwhile, a spirit of artistic emancipation thrives. It is self styled, self governed and liberated from the restrictive norms that dominate our mediated gaze.

College seniors exist in a challenging period where lives previously based on linear course-planning transition into the uncertainty of the young-professional world (Daniels, Stewart, Stupnisky, Perry, & LoVerso, 2011). Academically and personally, upperclassmen must evolve from “check the boxes to complete the exam” to “define the problem and then solve it.” Capstone courses at their best move students from the railroad tracks of a major-sequence flowchart to the roller skates of the post-graduation world, promoting evolution from college to professional life. As teachers, one of the most important skills we can build is the ability to effectively operate in ambiguous circumstances and advance from limited-solution questions to a problem-based model with a range of interpretations of the question itself and potential answers.

Messages conveyed by media act as a major drive in shaping attitudes and inducing opinion shift. On the other hand, individuals are strongly affected by peer pressure while forming their own judgment. We solve a general model of opinion dynamics where individuals either hold one of two alternative opinions or are undecided and interact pairwise while exposed to an external influence. As media pressure increases, the system moves from pluralism to global consensus; four distinct classes of collective behavior emerge, crucially depending on the outcome of direct interactions among individuals holding opposite opinions. Observed nontrivial behaviors include hysteretic phenomena and resilience of minority opinions. Notably, consensus could be unachievable even when media and microscopic interactions are biased in favor of the same opinion: The unfavored opinion might even gain the support of the majority.

June 6, 2021 The genocide in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region has been going on for seven months now. The UN is doing nothing and the slaughter continues. To understand events there one must examine the context in which they were created.
The past 500 years of colonialism and even world politics today are very easy to understand. Euro-American colonialists are inherently white supremacist to give them a unifying bond, uniformly amoral and totally capitalist. Over time they realized its easier to get the “colored savages” to fight each other rather than waste good white boys on the effort so they became masters at dividing indigenous groups within the Americas, Asia and Africa, setting them upon each other, then rolling in later on to “clean up the mess” and totally take over while congratulating themselves on their kindness.
The First Italo-Ethiopian War 1895 – 1896 in which the Italians claimed the entire country of Ethiopia as their own was bad enough, but then the Second Italo-Ethiopian War from 1935 – 1937 saw 200,000 Italian soldiers invade proving what a totally ineffectual entity the League of Nations (1920 - 1946) truly was, precisely the same as the modern so-called United Nations.
What the foreign invaders were really after was a solid base in East Afrika, and specifically the Ethiopian Highlands, the largest continuous elevated area on the continent, sometimes called the “Roof of Africa.” The highlands mountain areas extend from central and northern Ethiopia north into Eritrea. Those are deliciously cool and beautiful lands far better suited to the more delicate European constitutions than the deserts, Savannah and tropics found elsewhere in Afrika along with all manner of fearsome wildlife including those horrid malaria carrying mosquitos.
Jumping forward in time a bit we find the USA with an urgent “existential need” of some kind to rule the entire world forever that looks upon the ancient land of Ethiopia with distain. Myopically addicted to fragmenting and dominating all nations of the earth in perpetuity, the clever but not wise directors of American foreign policies have decreed Ethiopia needs a good war to break it down some more, as if the droughts and endemic poverty brought about by predatory Euro-American aggression in Afrika weren’t enough.
So, the ever-so-clever but avaricious American foreign policy makers locked the former dominant political party called the TPLN located in the northern ancient holy Tigray region into power for an overly long time while feeding their corruption, and at the same time fed anger and resentment towards them from all directions, Eritrea to the north, and the other Ethiopian political parties to the south.
- This short brutally honest satire is an alternative introduction to the much more detailed and analytic article I posted on Academia.edu yesterday titled: Made in Amerika - Genocide in Ethiopia - A four-part article series. That the UN does nothing is not surprising, however it's astonishing to me that so few people seem to even care about another genocide. Is only 20,000 innocents slaughtered too insignificant to call your Congressional representatives and demand the UN send in peacekeepers?

INTRODUCTION Les objets peuplent notre monde. Nous pourrions dire qu'ils nous permettent de nous situer. Le philo-sophe remarque que par ce corps qui est le sien, il a connaissance de la position des objets dans le monde et que les objets lui donnent la position de son corps. L'homme se situe toujours relativement à des objets ; aucun homme n'a fait l'expérience d'un monde sans objet. Cette relation ontologique est soutenue par le langage, qui est le lieu d'un phénomène semblable. Il ne peut rien se raconter qui ne soit exprimé par des phrases formées de sujets, de verbes et d'objets ; des phrases qui s'emboîtent, lorsque des objets deviennent les sujets d'autres phrases… RÉALITÉS INDUSTRIELLES • MAI 2013 89 Objets anciens et nouveaux objets Imaginez demain : vous imprimez dans votre salon les pièces d'un drone avec votre imprimante 3D, vous le montez, vous placez la motorisation et quelques capteurs, vous insérez un "shield" hardware open source, à base du dernier processeur multi-core vidéo HD, et vous terminez en téléchargeant son code, lui aussi open source. En fait, n'imaginez pas : ça existe déjà, ça se pilote avec un télé-phone portable et, en plus, cela a toutes les chances de passer inaperçu : qui a connaissance de l'existence de votre drone ? Les ordres de grandeur annoncés du Web des objets sont tels qu'au-cun acteur économique ne peut y rester indifférent. Une guerre autour des objets s'est ouverte : les protagonistes se font connaître, mais leurs motivations ne sont pas toujours très lisibles. Quoi qu'il en soit, les objets de notre quotidien (que nous appellerons nos anciens objets) peuvent être augmentés pour les faire entrer dans ce nouveau monde. Mais, surtout, de nouveaux objets apparaissent, conçus pour être native-ment, intrinsèquement et matériellement des individus de 1 re classe de l'Internet des objets (IoT). Pour être de la partie, notre industrie doit s'investir et prendre position. Notre système éducatif aussi.

My paper is focused on the way British newspapers covered Eastern European immigration into Britain from 2004 to 2007, a lapse of time involving the two waves of the fifth EU enlargement. 1 This enlargement resulted in a large influx of Eastern Europeans, considered by John Salt, a geographer at University College London, and Ian Fitzgerald, from Northumbria University, as the biggest influx in British history which surprised everybody, 2 contributing to the re-emergence of the immigration issue and its impact on British society. Articles covering the influx of Eastern Europeans and the related issues, published in three daily newspapers: the Telegraph, Daily Mail and the Mirror, 3 are qualitatively analyzed, using framing, a recognized tool in media studies. The intention is to study the link between media frames and public opinion in relation to the influx and its impact on people's attitudes about white European immigrants from Eastern Europe. This is carried out by comparing media representations to opinion polls dealing with the most important issues facing the country. I shall argue that daily newspapers' representations affected Britons' attitudes about the influx, thus creating a new 'other' in multicultural Britain.

Technology supplements to college textbooks, such as self-guided quizzes and exercises available over the Internet, have become commonplace. The current study examined student perceptions regarding the utility of technology supplements that accompanied a public speaking fundamentals textbook. At semester's end, students reported the supplements to be less useful than they had expected. The supplements were perceived to be more useful by females than by males. The supplements were reported to be more ...

Due to ongoing concerns about adolescent interpersonal aggression and debates surrounding violent media, this study assesses the potential impacts of parental mediation and parenting style on mature videogame play and fighting behaviors using a longitudinal, random-digit-dial survey of adolescents (N = 2,722). By simultaneously considering fighting, M-rated videogame play, parental restrictions on media use, parenting style, and important covariates, we aim to provide further nuance to existing work on risk and protective factors for interpersonal aggression. Our results show that parental restriction has a significant, linear relationship with later fighting, whereby higher restrictions on a child’s M-rated videogame play predict decreases in reported fighting behavior. Authoritative parenting, high in both warmth and supervisory attention, also relates to decreased levels of fighting compared to other styles. Parenting style also moderated the effects of restriction, such that restriction was not equally predictive of fighting behavior across all parenting styles. However, the association between restriction and fighting was similar for highly demanding parenting styles, suggesting that authoritative parenting is not inherently superior to authoritarian. The effects of restriction were significant despite controlling for multiple covariates. Parental restriction of media use may be an effective strategy for parents concerned about violent games. Given some limitations in our dataset, we call for continued study in this area.

Abstract: This study explores how young women's definitions of empowerment relate to their reception of The Girls Next Door, a popular reality show that documents the life and fun times of Hugh Hefner's three sexy, live-in girlfriends. Specifically, we examine whether young women's general attraction to reality television relates to their endorsement of different views of women and empowerment, how these endorsements relate to the women's own sexual permissiveness, and finally how these views relate to perceptions of The Girls Next Door. Results suggest that reality television preferences relate to greater endorsement of sexual empowerment and traditional feminine roles. However, sexual permissiveness is elevated only when sexual empowerment is endorsed, and perceptions of the show appear to be most positive only when sexual permissiveness is elevated.
Citation: Cato, M., & Dillman Carpentier, F. R. (2010). Conceptualizations of female empowerment and enjoyment of sexualized characters in reality television. Mass Communication and Society, 13, 1-19.

People who need checking accounts to operate Small and Big Businesses can get to Bank of America. Bank of America for small business is a blessing in disguise. Here is what you need to know. Bank of America has a beneficial program that is called a business advantage relationship rewards program.  Not only does it provide $13 monthly maintenance for the operation of small businesses, but it also offers a 29.95 monthly reward for large companies.

This article examines how involvement in high school journalism contributes to socialization into citizenship and, most crucially, to the development of a collective sensibility. Recent work by W Lance Bennett (2008), Zukin and his colleagues (2006), and Sara-Ellen Amster (2006) provides an interpretive lens for considering young people’s experiences with journalism and with citizenship. Interviews with 45 high school journalists from 19 different schools are analyzed, highlighting emerging definitions of citizenship as reflected in how young people discuss their work as student journalists. The study suggests that participation in the culture of high school journalism can provide young people with opportunities to develop the skills and experiences necessary for civic engagement, including the experience of collective decision-making. This study also argues that some young people come to understand the costs of engaged citizenship after negative experiences with their school’s administration, as such experiences reveal differing understandings of the roles of authority, journalism, and collective responsibility within the high school community that its high school journalism is meant to serve.

Abstract:  Extensive media coverage of a political issue has been shown to influence, or prime, the criteria used to judge overall performance of political leaders. This political priming effect is traditionally explained with network models of memory, which identify priming intensity and recency as key factors in determining the strength and endurance of a priming effect. However, these two assumptions of network models have not been directly tested in media studies. The potential of priming valence to influence the priming effect also has had little treatment. This experiment evaluated priming intensity, recency, and valence within a typical political priming context. In support of previous psychological findings, priming effects were apparent immediately following positively valenced primes, dissipating quickly thereafter. For negative primes, the influence of the prime on judgment formation was contingent on the individual's political leaning, in that individuals who would likely agree with the message exhibited priming effects and individuals who would likely disagree with the message exhibited little effect. The adequacy of applying associative memory models to political priming studies is discussed.
Citation: Dillman Carpentier, F. R., Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, B. (2008). A test of the network model of political priming. Media Psychology, 11, 186-206.

This paper is a conceptual framework for comprehending how the shift in people’s access and choices in news, entertainment, and other information, changes people’s media consumption habits; thwarts many Mass Media business models and practices; and proposes that a shift is underway from the Mass Media of the Industrial Era and to the computer-mediated Individuated Media of the Informational Era. This epochal shift, resulting in most people having nearly instantaneous access in hand to more information than has before been printed or broadcast, is the greatest change in the history of media. It is already causing profound political, industrial, and societal effects and changes worldwide.

Franny Armstrong’s climate change-documentary The Age of Stupid (2009) presents itself as a film about ecological risk and environmental injustice in different geographical regions, while at the same time appealing strongly to our emotions by showing us something we are not yet able to see: the possibly catastrophic future consequences of our present behavior. Through the use of spatial and temporal framing, Armstrong creates a strong cognitive and affective link between the documentation of current social and environmental practices and the imagination of future ecological devastation. Drawing on cognitive film theory, the article investigate how The Age of Stupid mediates threatened ecological spaces and associated environmental risks in order to provoke strong affective and cognitive responses from viewers and, ideally, move them to action.

Until the mid-1980s, international human rights organisations gave Pacific Islands states a clean bill of health. Apart, that is, from colonised East Timor and Irian Jaya (West Papua), which figured regularly in the annual Amnesty International Report through documentation of Indonesian violations. Now human rights violations are becoming a growing concern in the region and are an issue Pacific political leaders have been reluctant to face. Papua New Guinea Justice Minister Berrnard Narokobi, for example, branded Amnesty International a 'criminal, illegal and immoral orgabisation' in an extraordinary outburst in August 1990 after it had made public a damning report about viiolations on Bougainville Island. Narokobi was once an outspoken champion of human rights.

This monograph analyzed the topic of mass media education in Commonwealth of Independent States. *

The authors address the goals, objectives and concepts of the project on mass media education in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The purpose of the study: a comparative analysis of the development of media education in the CIS (1992-2020) at each stage (including theoretical concepts, goals and objectives, role, place, functions, organizational forms of media education in the mainstream education). Object of the study is media education in the countries of the CIS. The research's subject is basic stages of development, theoretical and methodological concept of media education in the CIS countries over the past 25 years. Research objectives are to formulate and justify a set of theoretical stances that make up the methodological basis of research into the history of mass media education in the CIS (1992-2020); to analyze theoretical sources and practical experience of the leading figures of media education in the CIS countries, to determine the essential features, qualities and properties of media education in the CIS countries, to investigate the structure, main stages of historical development, directions, theoretical concepts, goals and objectives, contents, media education technologies in the CIS; to carry out a comparative analysis and systematization of the material, to identify the main theoretical and methodological concepts of media education in the CIS countries, which may be a promising basis for further successful development.

For scholars, universities professors and students.

* The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-013-00022 “Mass Media Education in Commonwealth of Independent States – CIS (1992-2020)”.

Séminaire de Sociologie : 1ère année universitaire / Université de Lausanne (CH)
Aborder un thème d'actualité selon un texte théorique à choix (préalablement sélectionné par les professeurs)

Koh Lanta et ses décès : évènements, médias et réactions A l'heure où les médias ont une place centrale dans notre société et qu'ils sont également un sujet de controverse récurrent, il est intéressant d'analyser leur véritable impact et leur rapport avec les évènements publics.

For this year’s conference, I would like to share a story about a small Aboriginal educational program nestled in the Comox Valley, Vancouver Island, BC. It is named Nala’atsi which has two meanings: Place of the Day and New Beginnings. Both interpretations represent this unique program. The Circle of Courage™ (Brendtro, Brokenleg and Van Brockern, 2002,
2011) underpins the philosophy of the program. It is through relationships with community and Elders, connections with educators and supports, and relations with other youth and family
members which set the stage for these ‘at-risk’ youth.
Contextually, this senior alternative educational program serves Aboriginal students in grades 10-12 at an independent site. Historically, Aboriginal youth have had abysmal graduation rates in British Columbia, hovering around the 50% mark (BC Min. Ed., 2010). They often find themselves further marginalized by mainstream academic settings. The purpose of
this educational program is to offer an alternative learning environment which is embedded in First Nations culture, as recommended by the Aboriginal Enhancement Agreement and further echoed in the Regular Enrolment Audit report.
Little has been written about Alternative Education and very little has been revealed about Indigenous ways of knowing in an educational setting. Perhaps, by blending these two
approaches, a new educational worldview can emerge, one which focuses on the needs of the students in contrast to the needs of the establishment, institutions or Ministry of Education.
Are standardized educational models the way of the 21st Century, or are truly personalized learning opportunities the way of the future? It is within this context I invite us to consider education from the student’s perspective; not any average student, but those who have had the system fail them. There is much wisdom to be learned from Aboriginal peoples. In this fast-paced world, have we lost the ability to truly lead our youth into becoming healthy and well-balanced citizens? The Circle of Courage provides a clear framework to do just that and Nala’atsi exhibits one of the ways in which this can be achieved. This is what I am here to share with you today!

The chapter focuses on the ways in which Hollywood films have represented the material and emotional dimensions of nuclear risk and on how these representations engage viewers. James Bridges’s The China Syndrome and Mike Nichols’s Silkwood both frame their representation of risk as suspense-driven political thrillers and in both cases the fictional drama is heightened by the films’ relationships to real-world risks and events. While the invisibility of radiation raises representational problems, both films use their viewers’ preexisting risk perceptions to engage them in plotlines that are driven by the anticipation of catastrophes rather than by the catastrophes themselves. By telling melodramatic stories about courageous individuals who struggle to uncover the truth about nuclear risk, argues Weik von Mossner, the films not only illustrate Ulrich Beck’s claim that the determination of risk is a form of ethics; they also demonstrate that emotional processes such as fear are vital components of ethical decision making in the face of unpredictable material agencies and the environmental risks they pose.

Racial hoaxes are becoming a popular discursive strategy to disguise racism, as well as a powerful means for triggering waves of fake news and outraged comments both on mainstream and social media. Built on grounds of plausibility and consistency with existing narratives, racial hoaxes may remain latent for a long time, and periodically emerge when negative stereotypes can be framed as actual news stories. Racial hoaxes have relevant political and social implications: spread across multiple channels, they can foster exclusionary discourse on immigration, migrants , refugees, and other minorities, with concrete consequences on people and policies. In particular, far-right movements embrace hoaxes as a great opportunity to advocate their claims and legitimate their calls for violent action. Theoretical background Racial hoaxes are becoming a popular discursive strategy to disguise racism. This concept has mainly been used in US legal and criminological fijields, aimed at exploring the connection between racial stereotypes and related practices in policing, and shifting criminal responsibility from a white offfender to a fijictional black predator (Russell, 1998). Nonetheless, this concept could be scrutinized from wider social and communicational perspectives, looking at how racial hoaxes are created and circulated, and how they afffect ethnic relations. The concept also provides powerful insights into study how prejudices and stereotypes are objectivized, and how hostility tales turn into social action. Moreover, racial hoaxes should be a relevant matter for communication studies, since they involve both mainstream and digital media, and have relevant consequences on public.

Fiji’s media landscape has been challenged by the consequences of Fiji’s own political struggles (Pareti, 2009; Perrottet & Robie, 2011; Singh, 2010a; S. B. Singh, 2018). While scholars and policy analysts have pointed out the nuances of these consequences, the latest onslaught to Fiji’s media landscape is irresponsible citizen journalism, specifically the morbid use of social media. Social media in Fiji has grown exponentially due to the increasing interconnectivity and proliferation of affordable data and mobile devices. This has enabled greater access and active online interactions, creating a massive potential for responsible and constructive social media use. However, ease of online access has revealed an almost inhumane and morbid form of social media use. This Brief argues that Fiji’s media landscape, already challenged by Fiji’s political struggles, is facing pressure from irresponsible citizen journalism. This is compounded by the quick pace and real time nature of social media. In discussing this argument, the Brief examines a recent fatality that highlights this pressure and its implications on the media and social media in Fiji.

The present study contributes to our understanding o f differences and simi­ larities between White and Black women and men's body image concerns. The majority o f body image research so fa r has been conducted using sam­ ples ofpredominantly White women. The results o f five focus groups revealed important differences between the sexes and races when it comes to body image. While a difference between races was obvious fo r women, both Black and White men had similar experiences with their expectations o f what the ideal body in their culture looks like, and how they talk about their body with parents and peers. Theoretical implications are discussed.

The aim of my paper is to propose a model that illustrates the adolescents’ gender socialization process. This work moves from my doctoral research held at the University of Turin.
The research path was based on: a quantitative and qualitative methodological approach; an online and offline research field and a syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis model. In particular, I gathered 20 in-depth interviews, I conducted some focus groups and built a web ethnography.
As Marshall McLuhan suggested, I tried to “surf” through the adolescents’ imaginary, analyzing different kinds of pop culture’s documents (magazines, movies, novels, etc.) that made me breathe the “spirit of the time” typical of the adolescents that I met on the field.
Through this approach I gave some teenagers the opportunity to “capture their speech”, trying to bypass the adults’ point of view, and to define the teenagers’ gender socialization process.
The socialization model emerging from this research, clearly shows the rising of a multiple channels of socialization, based on four pillars: family, peer groups, old and new media. I will focus mainly on the third and the fourth pillars, namely the role of media as fields where a fertile imaginary grows, a starting point from which the individual builds his gender identity and builds his socialization experiences.