Perceived Usefulness

Codes of ethics exist in many, if not the majority, of all large U.S. companies today. But how the impact of these written codes affect managerial attitudes and behavior is still not clearly documented or explained. This study takes a step in that direction by proposing that attention should shift from the codes themselves as the sources of ethical behavior to the persons whose behavior is the focus of these codes. In particular, this study investigates the role of code familiarity as a factor impacting the influence of an ethics code on manager behavior. Data collected from 286 executives from companies in the direct selling industry are used to test hypotheses (1) that the perceived usefulness of ethics codes is positively related to the degree of familiarity with the code, and (2) that ethical climate as assessed by managers is positively related to the code's perceived usefulness. Both hypotheses are supported, and their implications and further research directions are discussed.

Based on a framework emphasizing the social nature of learning, this research examines a model of how social constructs affect satisfaction within online learning using path analysis for students in higher education. The social constructs evaluated in this study include sense of community (SOC), social ability (SA), perceived ease of use (PEU) and usefulness (PU) of social awareness tools, and self-reported participation (SRP) in online courses. Students' social ability is predicted by perceived ease of use of social awareness ...

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to study factors affecting the acceptance of social networking sites (SNS), analyze users' practices and behavior in these environments and assess the degree of acceptance of SNS in The Netherlands. Design/methodology/approach-An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to analyze the factors influencing the level of acceptance and use of SNS applying a structural equation modeling technique. Data were collected by means of an online national survey among Dutch SNS users. Findings-Results support all hypotheses with positive relationships and influence between analyzed constructs; the only exception was the hypothesis on the relation between perceived risk and perceived usefulness. Research limitations/implications-The survey was conducted in The Netherlands. This research can be considered as the basis for a more extensive research, covering other geographical areas, that will produce results allowing more specific and accurate predictions regarding the acceptance of SNS as marketing management tools. Practical implications-The findings reveal a number of issues that are important for companies eager to explore the potential of the SNS as a strategic tool and as a means of improvement of their managerial processes in the area of marketing strategy. Social implications-SNS are considered of great importance, both for individuals and businesses, since they support and expand existing social or business networks and allow the creation of new ones. The study underlines the importance of these networks as a communications and customer engagement channels. Originality/value-The traditional TAM has been widely studied to analyze the adoption of new technologies. However, the adoption of SNS has been so far very little studied. The study provides new insights in this adoption process. Alongside this, the study added two personal variables of SNS users (i.e. trust and perceived risk), improving the traditional TAM approach.

Although much has been written about rapid diffusion in the use of Internet-based technologies, our understanding of the factors which influence consumer acceptance and usage remains partial. This paper uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to gain insights into the underlying processes of Internet usage for financial services (FS). Unlike other papers based on the TAM model, the focus is not on adoption/non-adoption but on the extent of use, which as we explain provides a more realistic picture of actual use of the Internet as a distribution channel for FS. Extent of use captures the following continuum: no use, use for information search only, and number of purchases of simple FS in addition to information search. Telephone interviews with 300 UK consumers revealed that the application of this model is helpful but additional links need to be included. The key drivers of extent of use are past experience with the Internet as a purchasing channel and attitudinal aspects, i.e. positive emotions towards the Internet. Insecurity about this channel does not appear to be an obstacle and perceived usefulness is not directly linked to extent of use but fully mediated via attitude towards the channel. Consumers with computer access from home, who have gained experience from purchasing non-FS on the Internet and who rate themselves as opinion leaders on FS tend to find this channel easy to use, which, jointly with perceived usefulness, leads to a positive attitude toward this distribution channel. The paper provides recommendations for FS providers to increase their customers' willingness to use the Internet and highlights areas for future research.

This article analyzes the digital native-digital immigrant dichotomy based on the results of a small-scale study conducted at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, regarding students' and faculty members' perceptions toward the implementation of digital learning technologies in the curriculum. The first element chosen for measurement was user perception of the impact on learning of basic software such as email, web browsers, online e-texts as well as hardware devices such as personal computers, laptops and MP3 players. In addition, the study also evaluated Blackboard, the learning management system of choice introduced by the parent university in the academic year 2006-2007. The results of this study suggest that there exists a slight inter-generational difference at the Faculty in the perceived usefulness and importance of digital technologies for learning and teaching, but that this difference is minimal, with no universal applicability. The study concludes that the digital native-digital immigrant duality is a complex phenomenon which cannot always be described in these extreme terms.

Social e-learning is a process through which learners achieve their learning goals via social interactions with each other by sharing knowledge, skills, abilities and educational materials. Adaptive e-learning enables adaptation and personalization of the learning process, based on learner needs, knowledge, preferences and other characteristics. In this paper, we present a case study that analyzes the social interaction features of a social personalized adaptive e-learning system developed at the University of Warwick, called Topolor. We discuss the results of a quantitative case study that evaluates the perceived usefulness and usability. The results demonstrate a generally high level of learner satisfaction with their learning experience. We extend the discussion of the results to explore future research directions and suggest further improvements for the studied social personalized adaptive e-learning system.

E-learning is emerging as the new paradigm of modern education. Worldwide, the e-learning market has a growth rate of 35.6%, but failures exist. Little is known about why many users stop their online learning after their initial experience. Previous research done under different task environments has suggested a variety of factors affecting user satisfaction with e-Learning. This study developed an integrated model with six dimensions: learners, instructors, courses, technology, design, and environment. A survey was conducted to investigate the critical factors affecting learners' satisfaction in e-Learning. The results revealed that learner computer anxiety, instructor attitude toward e-Learning, e-Learning course flexibility, e-Learning course quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and diversity in assessments are the critical factors affecting learners' perceived satisfaction. The results show institutions how to improve learner satisfaction and further strengthen their e-Learning implementation.

Internet acceptance has been widely tested using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which records perceived ease of use and usefulness towards the use of internet for shopping online. It is because perceived ease of use and usefulness affect attitudes toward usability.

This paper presents an extension to the technology acceptance model (TAM) and empirically examines it in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation environment. The study evaluated the impact of one belief construct (shared beliefs in the benefits of a technology) and two widely recognized technology implementation success factors (training and communication) on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use during technology implementation. Shared beliefs refer to the beliefs that organizational participants share with their peers and superiors on the benefits of the ERP system. Using data gathered from the implementation of an ERP system, we showed that both training and project communication influence the shared beliefs that users form about the benefits of the technology and that the shared beliefs influence the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the technology. Thus, we provided empirical and theoretical support for the use of managerial interventions, such a...

This paper formulates, operationalizes, and empirically validates a dual-factor model of healthcare information technology (HIT) adoption, by taking into account both the enabling factors driving HIT adoption and the inhibiting factors constraining such adoption. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were examined as enablers and perceived loss of control as an inhibitor. Using survey data on adoption of a new computerized patient order entry system among physicians at a community hospital, we demonstrate that inhibitors not only have a negative effect on one's intention to adopt HIT systems, counteracting the positive effect of enablers, but also negatively bias some of the enabling perceptions. The overall negative impact posed by inhibitors may override and surpass any positive impact posed by a multitude of enablers. Implications of our findings for HIT research and practice are discussed.

Abstract This research work has two objectives. On the one hand, to analyze the influence that Perceived Usefulness of Programmatic Advertising (PA) has on the user's Concern about Privacy, and on the other, to check whether this relationship changes over time. That is, to find out how improvements in the effectiveness of programmatic advertising might increase the users' concern for privacy. Today, programmatic advertising can be very invasive, not only because of the use of cookies and geolocation, but also because of using algorithms that analyze users' interests in order to offer related products at a later date when the user visits other different websites which are not at all related to the first. Secondly, this document investigates whether this relationship increases over time and if there are any time-related effects. In this study, data from of a very large sample of Internet users in Spain (n = 14,822) was analyzed at three different moments of time between 2013 and 2017. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis given its usefulness in social studies. Several groups were analyzed to test the difference between the path coefficients of the latent variables at different moments in time. Academics and professionals will benefit from this document by being able to see the importance of this relationship over time and how it changes. The use of a longitudinal study allowed for an investigation into, not only the existence of the relationship, but how it changed over the years.

We use conjoint choice questions to investigate the preferences of people in four cities in Italy for income and future/permanent mortality risk reductions delivered by contaminated site remediation policies. The VSL is €5.6 million for an immediate risk reduction. If the risk reduction takes place 20 years from now, the implied VSL is €1.26 million. Respondents’ implicit discount rate is 7%. The VSL depends on respondent characteristics, familiarity with contaminated sites, concern about the health effects of exposure to toxicants, having a family member with cancer, perceived usefulness of public programs and beliefs about the goals of government remediation programs.

This research investigates the applicability of Davis' technology acceptance model to user acceptance of a knowledge management information system. It addresses two important questions: "Does the technology acceptance model explain user acceptance and usage of an information system implemented to support knowledge management objectives?" ''Can previous technology acceptance model user acceptance research serve as a basis for investigation of user acceptance of knowledge management information technology systems?" This study provides preliminary evidence that previous information technology acceptance research based on the technology acceptance model, may serve as a foundation for research of knowledge management system user acceptance. Relationships among primary TAM constructs are in substantive agreement with those characteristic of previous TAM research. Significant positive relationships between perceived usefulness, ease of use, and system usage were consistent with previous TAM research. The observed mediating role of perceived usefulness in the relationship between ease of use and usage was also in consonance with earlier findings. The findings are significant because they suggest that the considerable body of previous TAM related information technology research may be usefully applied to the knowledge management domain, and promote further investigation of factors affecting the user acceptance and usage of knowledge management information systems.

This paper proposes a model of technology acceptance that is specifically developed to test the acceptance of assistive social agents by elderly users. The research in this paper develops and tests an adaptation and theoretical extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by explaining intent to use not only in terms of variables related to functional evaluation like perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but also variables that relate to social interaction. The new model was tested using controlled experiment and longitudinal data collected regarding three different social agents at elderly care facilities and at the homes of older adults. The model was strongly supported accounting for 59-79% of the variance in usage intentions and 49-59% of the variance in actual use. These findings contribute to our understanding of how elderly users accept assistive social agents.

In this research we examine the generation specific acceptance motives of eHealth technologies in order to assess the likelihood of success for these new technologies. 280 participants (14 -92 years of age) volunteered to participate in a survey, in which using motives and barriers toward smart home technologies were explored. The scenario envisaged was the use of a medical stent implemented into the body, which monitors automatically the health status and which is able to remotely communicate with the doctor. Participants were asked to evaluate the pros and cons of the usage of this technology, their acceptance motives and potential utilization barriers. In order to understand the complex nature of acceptance, personal variables (age, technical expertise, health status), individual's cognitive concepts toward ageing as well as perceived usefulness were related. Outcomes show that trust, believe in the reliability of technology, privacy and security as well as intimacy facets are essential for acceptance and should be considered in order to proactively design a successful rollout of smart home technologies.

The main purpose of the paper was to establish the effect of the computerized financial system on financial performance of parastatals. The study adopted descriptive survey design. This study is based on the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology UTAUT. The study took a census of 118 Parastatal found in Nairobi town. Data were collected using questionnaires. The data to be collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that Perceived usefulness, the Competent computerized financial system had a significant positive effect on financial performance. However, the Perceived cost had a significant negative effect on financial performance. Therefore, in order for firms to complete their auditing tasks more quickly, they need to embrace the use of the computerized financial system

The success of a virtual learning environment (VLE) depends to a considerable extent on student acceptance and use of such an e-learning system. After critically assessing models of technology adoption, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), TAM2, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT), we build a conceptual model to explain the differences between individual students in the level of acceptance and use of a VLE. This model extends TAM2 and includes subjective norm, personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology, and computer anxiety. Data were collected from 45 Chinese participants in an Executive MBA program. After performing satisfactory reliability and validity checks, the structural model was tested with the use of PLS. Results indicate that perceived usefulness has a direct effect on VLE use. Perceived ease of use and subjective norm have only indirect effects via perceived usefulness. Both personal innovativeness and computer anxiety have direct effects on perceived ease of use only. Implications are that program managers in education should not only concern themselves with basic system design but also explicitly address individual differences between VLE users.

This paper highlights the factors affecting customer acceptance of online banking in Pakistan. The factors include Perceived Credibility, Perceived Usefulness, Social Risk and the moderating effect of Technophobia on all three relationships of independent variables with Customer Acceptance. Online banking is growing in Pakistan at a gradual pace, and tapping this growth is cardinal for banks. The primary rationale of this research is to scrutinize the customer acceptance of online banking in Pakistan. As a conceptual framework an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was developed to investigate the influencing determinants of customer acceptance. The study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, and data was collected through questionnaires administered both personally and online. The regression results of the study showed that Customer Acceptance is affected by the three independent variables, and that Technophobia only moderates the relation between Perceived Credibility ...

Educators need to know how to motivate business students (i.e., future business practitioners) to learn and use statistical software, which can provide the practical skills necessary for business professionals to analyze data and make informed decisions. Using a sample of 207 online MBA students from an AACSB accredited university in the Midwest, a modified TAM model was examined using LISREL 8.80. The empirical results show that both computer attitude and statistical software self-efficacy have significant, positive effects on perceived usefulness. In addition, it was found that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use positively influence learners' intentions to use statistical software, whereas their anxiety with statistics has a significant, negative impact on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioral intentions. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this paper.

The companies from the tourism industry have developed an inclination towards these mobile applications and therefore motivate their customers to exchange information including their details, reviews, experiences or feedbacks that works as a torch bearer for these companies in creating a suitable plan leading to a win-win situation for all. Understanding the expeditious modifications in consumer buying behaviour in context to their travel intentions has observed a shift from the very ‘traditional’ to ‘digital’ methods. The shift has been successful for both the industry and consumer by enabling both parties to get connected with the internet enabled mobile applications. Therefore, there exists an urgent need to investigate the mediating role attitude towards mobile applications between perceived usefulness, perceived trust and travel intention

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The title of the book, Motivating Students by Design, was chosen because the author explains how instructors can motivate students intentionally through the design of their courses. The two primary purposes of this book are to present a motivation model that can be used to design instruction and to provide practical motivation strategies and examples that can be used to motivate students to engage in learning. Based on decades of research, Dr. Brett Jones presents a framework to organize teaching strategies that motivate students. All of the strategies presented are followed by several examples, which provide readers with over 100 ideas for how the strategies can be implemented in courses. This book will be useful to graduate students and beginning professors, as well as professors who are more experienced and want to refine their instruction or try new strategies.

This research extends prior research examining the factors appearing in published online reviews and how this information is used by consumer to make purchasing decisions. The study examined reviews published on Yelp.com (N=600) in two U.S. cities. The study examined the overall tone of the review and the topics discussed – price, service, cleanliness, cost, food quality and star rating along with characteristics of the individual reviewer. Each of these variables were then examined to see what factors were judged by readers to be the most important measures when deciding to pick or reject a particular restaurant. The study found customers are influenced by the tone and length of the review, but also pay attention to reviewer characteristics such as gender, social activity and number of reviews the author has published when evaluating a particular restaurant.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris terkait penerimaan teknologi Student Information Terminal (S-IT) menggunakan kerangka model TAM dengan variabel eksternal desain portal, organisasi e-resources, dan user abilities and skill. Untuk tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan populasi seluruh Mahasiswa AMIK Garut . Sampel dipilih secara random dan diperoleh 200 responden sebagai pengguna S-IT. Untuk pengujian hipotesis, penelitian ini menggunakan program AMOS versi 18 dengan menggunakan metode analisis statistik Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa desain portal berpengaruh terhadap persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (PEOU), organisasi e-resources tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (PEOU), kemampuan dan skill pengguna tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (PEOU), organisasi e-resources berpengaruh terhadap persepsi kegunaan (PU), persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (PEOU) tidak berpengaruh terhadap p...

Trust has hccn empirically established as one of the key attributes in business to customer (B2C) e-commerce. The effect of measures to build and maintain trust in B2C Online Shopping is subject to customer-centric behaviour factors, which cannot be controlled by the business firm. The present study conducted in the Indiancontext explores the role of consumer .self-efficacy and website soeial presence in customer's adoption of B2C online shoppin«i mediated by trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived risk. The most significant outcome of the study is that the eonsumer self-efficaey and website social-presence affect trust, perceived usefulness and perceived risk in the online customers, and in turn positively intluenee the customer's intention to purchase products online. iioi.

Adoption of Information Technologies (ITs) is a crucial decision for the growth, productivity, competitiveness, and even survival in a competitive market. Organizations adopt IT innovations to sustain their competitive position as well as to create competitive advantage. Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990) developed a framework named TOE that comprises three key determinants that affect organizational adoption: technology, organization, and environment. This framework has been used successfully in the study of adoption within organizations. Based on this framework, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to understand important adoption factors of Information Technologies in organizations.

This paper identifies the factors that determine the publics' acceptance of e-Government services. The online tax filing and payment system (OTFPS) is a well-known e-Government service in Taiwan. Using a theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to (1) identify the determinants for acceptance of the OTFPS; (2) examine the causal relationships among the variables of acceptance behavior for the OTFPS; and (3) explore the relative importance of each determinant for both those who use the OTFPS and those who do not. The article reports on a survey that collected 1,099 usable responses. The results indicate that the proposed model explained up to 72 percent of the variance in behavioral intention. In addition, the important determinants of user acceptance of the OTFPS are perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk, trust, compatibility, external influences, interpersonal influence, self-efficacy, and facilitating condition. Finally, the academic and practical implications of these findings are discussed. D planned behavior; Online tax filing and payment system 0740-624X/$ -see front matter D

Mobile banking services is a relatively new banking services. This study aims to look customer acceptance of mobile banking services in Makassar and the influencing factors using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. The design of this study is causal and descriptive with sample of 180 customers selected by convenience and accidental sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews with a questionnaire. The results showed that (1) Perceived Ease of Use significantly influence Perceived Usefulness; (2) Perceived Ease of Use significantly influence Intention to use and (3) Perceived of Usefulness significantly influence intention to use. The research concluded that to increase customer acceptance or adoption of mobile banking services, the banks should pay attention to and highlight factors Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use.

Researchers have previously examined the technology acceptance model (TAM) in many contexts, including the Internet. More recently TAM has been enhanced to include a hedonic component of enjoyment but the effect has rarely been investigated in a mobile commerce context. In addition, specific antecedents of TAM related to design aesthetics have not been examined within the mobile domain. Our research filled these gaps, and discovered that visual design aesthetics did significantly impact perceived usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment, all of which ultimately influenced users' loyalty intentions towards a mobile service. #

The interaction of consumers and marketers within the Web environment, particularly for retailing/purchasing is a growing area of importance. This paper focuses on examining Internet users adoption of the Web for retail usage. It uses the Technology Acceptance Model Davis (Int. J. Man-Mach. Studies 38 (1993) 475) as a theoretical foundation to explore adoption of this technology for retail usage. The study also adds what are argued to

The study we present aims to explore several factors pertaining to Consumer Acceptance of business technology as it related to Blockchain. Identifying and developing the relevant measures is of importance to business technology managers and software development managers today. We ask the important question of "what measures best represent the established constructs of the technology acceptance model?" In order to address this issue, it is important to identify the key measurements that help us to understand the proposed constructs as they relate to blockchain technology as well as confirm their validity in isolation and in combination with each other. In this study, the factors we explore are perceived reputation, risk, and usefulness and transaction intentions. A survey was used whereby the methodology adapted previous measurements from related works and new measurements pertaining to usefulness and risk were developed in order to adhere to blockchain's consumer acceptance framework. 268 students completed the questionnaire and an exploratory factor analysis was used in order to analyze the constructs and their measurements. Through the results we were able to identify and validate the relevant measurements as well as the proposed constructs.

Although existing models of e-learning effectiveness in information systems (IS) have increased our understanding of how technology can support and enhance learning, most of our models do not take into account the importance of social presence. Thus, this study extends previous research by developing a model of e-learning effectiveness which adds social presence to other oft studied variables including application-specific computer self-efficacy (AS-CSE), perceived usefulness, course interaction, and e-learning effectiveness. Using data from 345 individuals, this model was validated through a field study in an introductory IS survey course. Results indicate that AS-CSE and perceived usefulness were related to course performance, course satisfaction, and course instrumentality. In addition, course interaction was related to course performance and satisfaction. Finally, social presence was related to course satisfaction and course instrumentality. Implications for research and practice are discussed. r

The 21 st century has brought about transformational and a rapid change in technological, political, and economic sectors in an effort to provide an improved customer service, selfservice technologies (SST) were introduced in fuel stations globally. SST have redefined the nature of services and how service value is created. Self-service fuel stations (SSFS) first became popular in America around the 1930's. Developing countries such as South Africa have not implemented SST in fuel stations, embracing this service has been a challenge in the past. This study aimed to better understand consumer attitudes and intentions towards the adoption of self-service fuel stations in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study was quantitative in nature and adopted an online survey which was administered to 300 willing participants. The overall results show that motorists have a favourable attitude towards the adoption and implementation of SSFS in Johannesburg, South Africa. Motorists believe if they can observe a present relative advantage of the SSTin fuel stations and in-turn perceive the technology as useful to them, then they are willing and intend to adopt SSFS. This study was an attempt to explore perspectives of Johannesburg motorists' attitudes and intentions towards the adoption of SSFS in the best way possible. A critical element of the research was provided to the fuel station owners and stakeholders to be able to come up with a structure that is solid and recognizable to bring forth the idea. As the current situation or status regarding SSFS is prohibited and no consumers are allowed to dispense fuel or diesel at the fuel station without the help of the petrol attendant. This research may enlighten by substantiating that the introduction of SSFS possibly will be achievable in Johannesburg grounded on the positive insights of motorists.

According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1997), self-efficacy has an important role in students' achievement. The present study was designed in order to investigate the role of personal variables on students' math achievement. To achieve this goal, four variables, i.e., math self-efficacy, mathematics anxiety, math attitudes and prior math achievement were identified on the basis of theoretical principles and research findings. The studied sample comprised 366 Iranian eighth graders and the instrumentation consisted of Pajares' Questionnaire (1995), Shokrani's Questionnaire (2002, the revised edition of Fennema's Questionnaire (2000) and the students' mathematics score in the previous academic year. It is worth mentioning that the collected data were analyzed using Path Analysis. The obtained results indicated that prior math achievement and mathematics self-efficacy played the most important role in students' mathematics achievement, respectively. Furthermore, the mediator role of selfefficacy between math achievement and math attitude was confirmed. Math anxiety mediates the role of math selfefficacy and mathematics attitude on the one hand and the role of math achievement on the other hand. The results also showed that previous math achievement has strong direct and indirect effects on students' mathematics achievement through math attitudes, mathematics self-efficacy and math anxiety. Math attitude has an outstanding effect on math anxiety. The direct and indirect effects of math attitude revealed that this variable passes its effect on math achievement through mediator variables such as self-efficacy and math anxiety.

This research work has two objectives. On the one hand, to analyze the influence that Perceived Usefulness of Programmatic Advertising (PA) has on the user's Concern about Privacy, and on the other, to check whether this relationship changes over time. That is, to find out how improvements in the effectiveness of programmatic advertising might increase the users' concern for privacy. Today, programmatic advertising can be very invasive, not only because of the use of cookies and geolocation, but also because of using algorithms that analyze users' interests in order to offer related products at a later date when the user visits other different websites which are not at all related to the first. Secondly, this document investigates whether this relationship increases over time and if there are any time-related effects. In this study, data from of a very large sample of Internet users in Spain (n = 14,822) was analyzed at three different moments of time between 2013 and 2017. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis given its usefulness in social studies. Several groups were analyzed to test the difference between the path coefficients of the latent variables at different moments in time. Academics and professionals will benefit from this document by being able to see the importance of this relationship over time and how it changes. The use of a longitudinal study allowed for an investigation into, not only the existence of the relationship, but how it changed over the years.

This paper investigates whether shopping apps that use Augmented Reality influences purchase intentions among millennials. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method whereby the respondents have to be users of shopping apps with Augmented Reality features and also snowball sampling where the respondents who used Augmented reality apps for shopping refer others whom they know have also used the same apps or different Augmented reality apps for shopping. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit responses from these respondents. Data gathered from 384 respondents primarily from India included age, gender as well as the augmented reality app or site used for shopping. Some results are expected, variables being highly correlated. The findings indicate that Credibility of the Augmented Reality marketing is shown to significantly affect purchase intention. In general Augmented Reality has an effect on customers purchase intentions.

The increasing number of e-grocery start-ups and COVID19 pandemic have accelerated the growth of e-grocery services in Indonesia. In fact, e-grocery adoption is low compared with other e-commerce product categories such as fashion and electronics. Customers are considering some factors including trust, risk, benefit (usefulness) and the level of ease of use before making a decision to shop online grocery. The objective of this study is to determine whether all these factors affect trust and finally the adoption in shopping for grocery products online and whether the Indonesian consumers will return to shopping for grocery products offline after the COVID19 pandemic. This research provided a new perspective by integrating Technology Acceptance Model Approach with trust as the intervening variable. Quantitative research was conducted by distributing questionnaires among the 195 respondents who had used e-grocery/shopping services. All data collection was analyzed using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model). The results of this study indicate that perceived risks, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use have a positive effect on trust. The study proved that trust had a significant effect in the adoption of e-grocery platforms among Indonesian shoppers. The e-grocery platform should offer innovative and consistent products or services to keep their customers buying groceries online even after the COVID-19 pandemic is over especially for the older generation who are more enjoyed buying at the conventional markets.

Older people are an important and growing sector of the population, of whom the numbers who use computers are increasing rapidly. Yet their requirements are not often considered in the design of computer systems and software, and as a result they often find them difficult to use. In order to include them effectively, it is first necessary to find out more about how this population interacts with computers. As a first step towards this, we carried out a questionnaire and interview survey with 353 participants over the age of 50, including questions on computer use and ownership. This paper discusses the implications of some of the results for design and marketing, in particular the importance of simplicity and an application's perceived usefulness.

This paper aims to examine the association between the perception of business school students and their adoption of e-banking services. This study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and perceived risk to explain the adoption of e-banking. The study measures customer perception towards the adoption of e-banking services in terms of a) perceived usefulness, b) ease of use and c) perceived risks. Based on descriptive and causal research designs, the study made use of primary data collected through a structured questionnaire surveyed successfully on 159 business school students. By using descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and regression, the study discovered that customer perception of usefulness, ease of use and risks have impacted on the adoption and use of e-banking services. Among the three perception variables measured, perceived usefulness made the strongest influence on business students’ adoption of e-banking in Kathmandu. The study findings should prove instr...