Prasekolah

Kajian ini merupakan sebuah kajian tindakan yang berorientasikan murid prasekolah. Objektif kajian ini ialah membantu murid prasekolah memahami konsep dan menguasai operasi tambah dalam keadaan yang menyeronokkan dan bermakna melalui pendekatan belajar sambil bermain. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada seorang murid prasekolah yang mempunyai masalah dalam memahami konsep operasi tambah. Pemerhatian, analisis dokumen dan ujian pra serta ujian pos digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian. Terdapat tiga jenis permainan matematik iaitu "Kotak", "Bermain Guli"dan "Dadu Ajaib" dan ujian pra serta ujian pos telah dijalankan bagi mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi murid dalam memahami konsep operasi tambah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kemampuan murid menyelesaikan operasi tambah meningkat selepas intervensi menggunakan kaedah belajar sambil bermain dijalankan berbanding sebelum intervensi. Ini menunjukkan penggunaan kaedah belajar sambil bermain dapat membantu murid dalam menyelesaikan operasi tambah disamping meningkatkan kefahaman mereka.

Abstract: In research on module development, needs analysis is carried out to ensure the product created can fulfil user needs. This research was undertaken in order to identify the needs and specifications of a module based on play approach for teaching and learning of language skills among preschool children. To create a module able to fulfil the needs of teachers as users, needs analysis was carried out on 10 preschool teachers from different schools under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Data collection was through semi-structured interviews and the sampling technique was purposive sampling. Qualitative data from interviews with teachers were categorized and analyzed to identify themes for making sense of the data. Data analysis unearthed four major themes, namely: (1) The play approach was suitable for teaching and learning activities among preschool children, (2) The existing teaching approach did not focus on the play approach, (3) Teachers need appropriate sources and materials to motivate language learning in pupils, and (4) Teaching and learning activities need to consider the language capabilities of pupils. Analysis of the findings shows that the module based on play approach for teaching and learning language skills among preschool children has the potential for development. Apart from the four main themes identified, suggestions and specifications derived from interviews with teachers gave useful information for developing the module contents. The findings will be used for designing and developing the module in the next phase. The findings are expected to assist in producing a module capable of solving existing problems among teachers and motivating language skills teaching and learning among preschool children.
Keywords: Development research, module design, needs analysis, preschool teachers, play approach, language skills

Maternal knowledge of parenting is the important things especially for mothers of preschool-age children. Mothers who are knowledgeable about parenting are more likely to create an environment that is appropriate to their children's and more likely to interact with their children in more sensitive ways. Intervention of family empowerment is one of way to increase the maternal knowledge. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of family empowerment on increasing maternal knowledge about parenting of preschool-age children. This study used quasi experimental design with t-test and linear regression analysis. Conducted in two areas in Bogor, the sample of this study was 32 mother in control group and 32 in treatment group. The treatment group involved in eight sessions of family empowerment. The result showed that there are no differences of maternal knowledge between control and treatment group in baseline data and there are significant differences in endline data. The result also indicates that there are positive effect of intervention of family empowerment which accounted for 30,8 per cent increasing on maternal knowledge about parenting of preschool-age children.