Pengasuhan

Bagi si kecil, emosi merupakan sesuatu yang abstrak. Mereka belum mampu mengenali, mengelola dan mengembangkan emosinya sendiri. Karena itu diperlukan bantuan orangtua untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar emosionalnya. Pemenuhan aspek ini akan berpengaruh pada kemandirian dan kecerdasan emosi-yang menurut Daniel Goleman-merupakan aspek yang berpengaruh 80 persen terhadap keberhasilan hidup seseorang. Lantas kebutuhan dasar emosional apa saja yang diperlukan oleh anak di masa-masa awal perkembangannya?

ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Perkembangan kesehatan anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi orang tua-anak dan keterikatan orang tua-anak. Usia 0-24 bulan merupakan periode yang menentukan kualitas kehidupan sehingga disebut dengan golden period. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas interaksi pengasuh (Caregiver) dengan anak dapat berasal dari pengasuh maupun anak, salah satunya adalah pendapatan pengasuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pendapatan pengasuh dengan kualitas interaksi pengasuh dan anak stunting usia 6-23 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pengasuh dengan anak stunting usia 6-23 bulan. Subjek penelitian direkrut dengan menggunakan tekhnik Consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi Parenting Interaction with Children: Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcome (PICCOLO). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi square. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pendapatan pengasuh (0,001) dengan kualitas interaksi pengasuh dengan anak stunting usia 6-23 bulan. Saran: Pengasuh diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pengajaran seperti stimulasi kognitif dan bahasa, serta meningkatkan kemampuan bereaksi seperti respon yang cepat dan tanggap terhadap isyarat anak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas interaksi pengasuh dengan anak.


ABSTRACT
Background: Child health development is strongly influenced by parent-child interactions and parent-child attachments. 0-24 months is a period that determines the quality of life so called the golden period. Factors that influence the quality of caregiver interactions can come from caregivers or children, one of which is caregivers income. Objective: To determine related caregiver's income to the quality of caregiver interaction with stunting children in 6-23 months of aged. Method: This study is a cross sectional design. Research subjects were caregivers with stunting children in 6-23 months of age. Research subjects were recruited using Consecutive sampling techniques. The instruments used were Parenting Interaction with Children observation sheets: Checklist of Observation Linked to Outcome (PICCOLO). Data analysis was done by Chi square test. Results: There was a significant relationship between caregiver's income (0.001) with the quality of caregiver interaction with stunting children in 6-23 months of age. Suggestion: Caregivers are expected to be able to improve teaching such as cognitive and language stimulation, as well as improve the ability to react such as rapid response and responsiveness to children's cues so as to improve the quality of caregiver interactions with children.

Maternal knowledge of parenting is the important things especially for mothers of preschool-age children. Mothers who are knowledgeable about parenting are more likely to create an environment that is appropriate to their children's and more likely to interact with their children in more sensitive ways. Intervention of family empowerment is one of way to increase the maternal knowledge. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of family empowerment on increasing maternal knowledge about parenting of preschool-age children. This study used quasi experimental design with t-test and linear regression analysis. Conducted in two areas in Bogor, the sample of this study was 32 mother in control group and 32 in treatment group. The treatment group involved in eight sessions of family empowerment. The result showed that there are no differences of maternal knowledge between control and treatment group in baseline data and there are significant differences in endline data. The result also indicates that there are positive effect of intervention of family empowerment which accounted for 30,8 per cent increasing on maternal knowledge about parenting of preschool-age children.