Procurement Management

Il lavoro tratta della possibilità per gli operatori economici di ri-correre a misure riparatorie c.d. di self-cleaning e della possibilità al contempo per le stazioni appaltanti di utilizzare blacklists, liste di potenziali concorrenti da escludere automaticamente dalle procedure. Dopo una sintetica ricostruzione del vasto sistema dei motivi di esclusione dalle procedure di aggiudicazione previsti dal diritto europeo ed implementati dalla legislazione nazionale, ci si sofferma sulle misure di self-cleaning così come ricostruite dalla recente senten-za n. 158 del 9 gennaio 2020 della Quinta Sezione del Consiglio di Stato, e come recepite dalle legislazioni di alcuni Stati membri che hanno adottato soluzioni diverse dal Legislatore italiano (es. Unghe-ria, Malta, Estonia), specie con riferimento al profilo critico della valutazione discrezionale delle condotte ed alla possibilità di inserire operatori economici in blacklists. In conclusione, dall'analisi compa-rata e dalla ricostruzione dei principi espressi in subiecta materia dalla Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea, si rassegnano soluzioni de iure condendo per una migliore gestione procedimentale e processuale dei motivi di esclusione, delle misure di self-cleaning e delle blacklists.

Paper aims

This study aims to identify the key aspects of procurement in the Project Management context and their relation to project success. Particularly, the effects of selection criteria, supplier integration and the dynamics of acquisitions are investigated.

Originality

This study contributes to the literature by analysing in depth a large sample of articles that deal with procurement in the Project Management context. This study also presents implications for practice by exploring how procurement management affects project success.

Research method

The methodological approach is a systematic literature review, combining bibliometrics and content analysis.

Main findings

The results show that academic literature focuses on the dynamics of acquisitions, lacking studies on the spectrum of supplier integration and supplier selection criteria. A strong relationship between the dynamics of acquisitions and project success dimensions could be established. Several insights into this relationship can be pointed out, as the effect of synergy with suppliers on the success dimension related to impact on the team.

Implications for theory and practice

The study contributes by identifying the relationship between the selection criteria, levels of supplier integration and dynamics of acquisitions with project success. Possible research gaps and trends are presented for future research.

While particular government activities create a fertile ground for corruption (Tanzi, 1998), public procurement has increasingly become one of the dominant fertile grounds for this 'monster' of corruption. Corruption continues to be a usual suspect among the factors that distort the effective delivery of public services in developing countries and at no time can it be described as a 'gift' to development. In Africa, corruption remains an important obstacle to political and economic development (Mbaku, 2008). While the negative effects of corruption speak 'volumes of words', limited empirical research on public procurement corruption and its effects on service delivery have been conducted in Uganda. This study was conducted partly to fill up this knowledge vacuum. The paper presents the results from 548 respondents on their perceived forms of procurement corruption and discusses the effects of this corruption on service delivery. The results are compared with local and international literature and policy-managerial implications are suggested.

Green purchasing is an environmentally-conscious purchasing practice that takes into consideration the reduction or elimination of hazardous purchased items, in addition to the promotion of recycling, reuse, and resource reduction during the purchasing process. Despite the significant role that green purchasing can play in improving environmental performance of firms, little is known about the drivers that motivate firms to adopt green purchasing, especially in Malaysia. This paper examines the effect of four drivers; regulations, customer pressures, social responsibility, and expected business benefits on green purchasing in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The empirical findings suggest that green purchasing is affected by regulations, customer pressures, and expected business benefits. The results also suggest that, although, Malaysian firms show a high level of social responsibility; it does not constitute a genuine driver for these firms to adopt green purchasing. The results provide insights into why Malaysian firms adopt green purchasing activities. It also provides managers and policy makers with a list of drivers that can be used as directions for setting appropriate policies that encourage firms to adopt green purchasing initiatives.

Procurement is a process and observable phenomenon entwined both culturally, politically and practically into the fabric and history of the construction industry. Historical reviews have highlighted recent changes in procurement systems which reflect the developments within the industry as a whole. This development is argued to be influenced mainly by a myriad of inter-connected contextual drivers and issues both internal and external to the industry. Ability to adapt to change via a comprehensive understanding of these inter-connected ...

The software product development involves different stakeholders such as suppliers, vendors, customers, project development team, senior management and functional managers. The project manager is very much dependent on external stakeholders such as vendors. Vendor selection, contract preparation, different types of contracts, monitoring the progress, contract closure and the role of vendor in the entire project life cycle are discussed in this paper. The steps in vendor management process are clearly explained. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of contracts are discussed. The questions arise when a project manager chooses a vendor are specified. Overall the importance of vendor management and the role of vendors in software projects have been discussed based on the literature review of the project management standards and related literature. The lack of vendor support may lead to project failure. This is evident from the project management literature.

L’achat d’articles courants pose un défi aux organismes publics. Les accords-cadres sont apparus comme une solution possible. De nombreux pays (notamment sur le continent américain et en Europe) utilisent les accords-cadres avec succès, mais ces dispositifs ne doivent pas être considérés comme une solution à tous les problèmes susmentionnés et il subsiste des risques et des limites à leur utilisation. En outre, en dehors de ces régions, le recours aux accords-cadres reste limité à quelques pays seulement. Il y a donc d’énormes possibilités d’en élargir l’utilisation, notamment dans les pays en développement. Bien que les accords-cadres aient fait l’objet d’articles universitaires, il n’y a pas suffisamment de conseils pratiques sur leur utilisation, ce qui pose un problème dans les pays en développement.

Compte tenu de ce qui précède, ce Guide vise à combler une lacune en décrivant la marche à suivre pour établir des accords-cadres et les gérer, notamment à l’intention des décideurs et des praticiens en matière de passation des marchés dans les pays en développement.

The study sought to establish the influence of lean warehousing practices on performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya. The unit of analysis consisted of 138 large manufacturing firms registered with the Kenya association of manufacturing under the category of large scale manufacturing firms; the unit of observation consisted of the Heads of Supply chain, Production and Logistics. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics aided by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate regression model was used to show the relationship between the variables. The study findings indicated a positive significant influence of lean warehousing on performance of large manufacturing firms. The study recommends the need by manufacturing firms in Kenya to practice lean ware housing practices such as implementing optimal storage, automated picking system and adopting integrated order receiving to a very great extent so improve their performance more. There is a need for the firms to enhance adoption of the lean production practices such as having a continuous improvement programs in terms of production, automation and use of just in time concept to a great extent so as to improve performance significantly.

 Growing global complexity in supply chain management has forced organizations to look towards technology as their silver bullet; serving as the missing link between people (supply chain actors) and the ability to collaborate at scale.  Blockchain technology is one of the most hyped amongst the currently developing technologies, hypothesized to make one of the greatest impacts in supply chain management-especially procurement and logistics-in the coming years.  If SCM tech were a summer reading list, Blockchain would be the Twilight trilogy.  Simply put… Blockchain is on the brink of a majorly blowing up, and everyone wants to see what the hype is all about.

Unfair practices and alterations in manually operated during bidding process in Nepal have made the procurement practices unfaithful and government works and services ineffective compared to their objectives. So, there is urgent need of adopting a smart system which minimizes the chances of alteration and manipulation before, during and after bidding process. To make procurements efficient and unaltered, Procurement Management Information System (PMIS) can be a smart remedy in reducing inefficiencies, manipulations and fraud & corruption during tendering and contract execution.

Quality of construction is a key component of perceived value to both clients and contractors. The International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) noted that “lack of quality in construction is manifested in poor or non-sustainable workmanship, and unsafe structures; and in delays, cost overruns and disputes in construction contracts”. Value and quality of construction are of concern to both public and private sector clients.
The procurement process in the construction industry is plagued with a number of problems and challenges. Some of the challenges and problems faced by the construction industry in Cameroon and Africa that leads to the delivery of projects of poor quality standards are discussed in this write up. The study investigates the factors that are posing a negative impact on construction quality through the value chain in creating new capital works such as design, procurement and construction. Concerns had been based on the principal issues like; Construction, design and procurement related factors. Furthermore, issues like weak capacity, corruption and embezzlement, finance related issues like budget and funding, procuring design quality, material quality, planning challenges, cultural, human resources and contractor performance issues have been reviewed. These problems have been identified through a critical literature review and field experience drawn from the Cameroon and Africa context and attempts have been made to analyse each of the problems or challenges that lead to the delivery of poor quality projects. Value and quality of construction are of concern to both clients and contractor in both the public and private sector. Against this background, this study has been undertaken on the quality of construction in Africa in general and Cameroon in particular.
The construction projects referred to in this paper deals with all types of building and civil engineering projects

In the last 40 years, Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) has moved from a transactional role in materials management towards a more strategic role, aligned to long-term business requirements. This evolutionary process can be represented by Maturity models: in the advanced stages of a maturity model, there is a broader scope in the activities which PSM is responsible for, and a deeper impact in the business performance. However, traditional PSM performance indicators, like material cost savings, are not appropriated to evaluate its overall performance at the latest stages. The combination of PSM Maturity Model and "Return on Capital Employed"(ROCE) allows to evaluate the benefit that the evolution through the more advanced stages of the PSM professionalism brings to the firm financial performance. This paper details both models and discusses the methodology to be used to prove that companies with higher PSM maturity level will present superior financial results.

Nos dias atuais, os equipamentos assumem um papel importantíssimo nos processos produtivos dos mais variados segmentos da indústria, sendo considerados como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico de um país. O cenário de grandes incertezas que permeia o ambiente industrial, deu origem a um nível muito elevado de competição entre as empresas, e promoveu mudanças significativas na maneira como estas compram e vendem equipamentos industriais. Observa-se um nível cada vez maior de exigências de qualidade por parte das empresas que adquirem equipamentos, forçando as empresas que os produzem a alcançarem elevados níveis de gerenciamento na produção, obtidos mediante a adoção de grandes investimentos em tecnologias que proporcionem vantagem competitiva sustentável aos seus negócios. Nos processos de aquisição de equipamentos para implantação de projetos de capital, as empresas enfrentam inúmeros desafios, que se não forem adequadamente gerenciados, podem colocar em risco a performance final dos equipamentos. Este trabalho apresentará uma análise dos principais fatores que contribuem para o sucesso do gerenciamento de processos de aquisição de equipamentos em projetos de capital, abordando os aspectos técnicos e gerenciais das principais atividades a serem desenvolvidas.

This research investigated the impacts of procurement systems on the performance of construction projects in East Malaysia. Construction project outcome may be measured in terms of time, cost and quality achieved. Project clients demand and want best value for their money and they want their projects to be completed on time, within budgeted cost and at appropriate quality or specification. The sample in this research consists of 58 participants that work in a construction companies/industry. 90 questionnaires were distributed, 69 were successfully returned and 58 were fully completed. The sample comprises project clients/owners, project managers, consultants and construction workers. However, due to the fact that the time allocated for this research is limited and it is of qualitative in nature for which the sample size is less important . The aim of using project clients, project managers, consultants and construction workers from different companies is because they work under different circumstances, which will ensure all questions are answered from different perspective. Therefore, the researcher distributed questionnaires randomly among the participants in different construction companies. This also minimises any bias towards any particular company. The key findings and conclusions from literature review and the analysis of results of questionnaires issued to project clients, projects managers, consultants and construction workers showed that traditional procurement system benefits cost and quality but at the expense of time. In other words, traditional procurement system has positive impacts on project objectives of cost and quality and negative impact on project time. Design and build procurement system benefits cost and time but at the expense of quality and this implies that the impacts of design and build procurement system on project objectives of cost and time are positive with negative impact on project quality.

ABSTRACT
The study focused on the effects buyer-supplier relationships on procurement performance in
Government Tertiary Training Institutions and was carried out within Nairobi County, a case
study of Kenya Institute of Special Education, Kasarani. A lot of studies have been conducted on
buyer-supplier relationship based on four variables (trust, commitment, communication and
cooperation). However, these studies did not look at the effect of these relationships on
procurement performance. The specific objectives were: to establish the effect of trust on
procurement performance in government tertiary training institution; to find out the effect of
communication to suppliers on procurement performance; To analyse the effect of supplier`s
commitment on procurement performance and to determine the effect of cooperation on
procurement performance. The research questions were to find out how trust affects procurement
performance in government tertiary training institution? What are the effects of communication
to suppliers on procurement performance? How does commitment by suppliers affect
procurement performance? and what are the effects of cooperation on procurement performance
in government tertiary training institution?. The study will benefit KISE by encouraging them to
adopt buyer-supplier relationships. Literature reviewed showed that that formal communication
of supplier evaluations positively influenced BSR. The descriptive design was employed in the
study. This study used purposive sampling and the data collection instrument used was a
Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques, and findings
presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and pie charts. The findings showed that all
variables on the study have positive effect on procurement performance. The study concluded
that commitment, trust, cooperation and communication are important in buyer-supplier
relationship. Finally the study recommended that this study be replicated in different business
sectors within the Nairobi region

PhD Fellow) is a PhD student in project planning and management besides being a part time lecturer in a number of universities in Kenya. He is a freelance researcher and runs a research firm in Kenya. He can be reached at any time for research work, data analysis, interpretation and data management, journals development and publishing etc. Contact: martinotundo@gmail.com, +254721246744 FOUNDATION INSTRUCTIONS: In this assignment you will integrate procurement tasks into a project. Consider the given case study (Procuring textiles made from recycled fibres: Ministry of Defence of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (MODNL); PDF file) and answer the following questions: 1. Explain each part of the "Flowchart for Optimal Utilization of Market Intelligence to Address Sourcing Challenges".

Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

The poor performances of many private-owned companies have been attributed to other factors but procurement. The procurement department of most organized establishments controls over 80% of their expenditures and hence it is only logical to look at the effects of strategic procurement on the operational performance of the organization. This study examined Strategic Procurement and organization performance at Lolako Nigeria Limited. The study adopts a survey research design because it used primary data. A census study was considered because the target population was small to sample hence the entire population of Lolako Nigeria Limited employees totaling 36 were considered for this study. The major technique used for data analysis is ANOVA, multiple regression and descriptive statistics. The result shows a significant relationship in four of the independent variables which include; efficient procurement process, supplier management relationship, information communication technology, and value chain analysis. All indicates that there is a significant effect on operational performance. The study recommended that:- Procurement process should be open and competitive, maintain good relationships with their suppliers and also adopt information communication technology which is necessary for effective control of the entire procurement process.

In this research, the importance of procurement management in South African government will be analysed. Furthermore, the role and necessity of the Chief Procurement Officer (CPO) will be described. Public procurement is defined as the designated legal authority to advise, plan, obtain, and evaluate a government’s expenditure on goods and services that are used to fulfil stated objectives in pursuit of desired policy outcomes.

This article presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost escalation in transportation infrastructure projects. Based on a sample of 258 transportation infrastructure projects worth US$90 billion and representing different project types, geographical regions, and historical periods, it is found with overwhelming statistical significance that the cost estimates used to decide whether such projects should be built are highly and systematically misleading. Underestimation cannot be explained by error and is best explained by strategic misrepresentation, that is, lying. The policy implications are clear: legislators, administrators, investors, media representatives, and members of the public who value honest numbers should not trust cost estimates and cost-benefit analyses produced by project promoters and their analysts.

My intention in Part ‘1’ of this paper is to: (i) research scholarly articles on strategies and approaches organizations have implemented to improve supply chain, (ii) identify supply chain components, summarize organizational core competencies and their implications as trends to my organization’s success and (iii) evaluate the consequences of core competencies and trends on my Supply Chain organization being a supporting function within an Oil and Gas Corporation sustaining two oilfields in the Republic of Yemen.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of procurement plan on value for money in parastatal organizations in Arusha city. More specifically, it identified effect of specifications on value for money, evaluated the effect of procurement methods on value for money, examined the effect of procurement scheduling on value for money in parastatal organizations and find out challenges facing parastatal organizations in implementing annual procurement plans. Embedded case study was useful for collecting data and techniques used in analysis and employed 41 sample size from PMU and tender board members. Data was collected using administered questionnaires and interview. Data analysis was done by Regression analysis through statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 25. First, data was collected, cleaned, sorted and collated. Descriptive statistics and measures of association were used to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. This was followed by analysis using inferential statistics to examine the relationship between variables. The analytical results revealed that procurement specifications impact quality and standard goods and services, as well as procurement methods improved service delivery to users. It also revealed that procurement scheduling ensures quality procurement services. The study recommended that future studies could consider doing the similar study in other organizations such as the private organizations.

ABSTRACT
There has been a major concern about how corporate bodies’ especially public institutions apply the effectiveness and efficiency of procurement systems in achieving their procurement and organizational objectives respectfully. (OECD, 2010). Increasing the effectiveness and efficient use of state funds necessitates the existence, implementation and operationalization of an adequate procurement system by all public entities to achieve expected goal. This research sought to know the extent of effectiveness of procurement systems in attempt to achieve quality service in the public sector.  The objectives was to analyze factors that contribute to successful procurement systems and also identify challenges that hamper the achievement of effective procurement systems to achieve excellent quality service. The researcher randomly selected six (6) public institutions that served as the case study area. The target population included procurement practitioners and other internal procurement stakeholders. This research adopted the quantitative survey questionnaire as the main data collection instrument to gather information from fifty-one (51) respondents. Even though results revealed that the application of procurement principles was satisfactory to some extent, it was gathered that the entire procurement operation do not achieve value for money which should be a major concern for the government, institutions, procurement practitioners, donors, and other stakeholders. Centralized procurement systems is most practiced, preferred, and efficient to some extent. Lack of funds, conflict of interest, and poor team work were identified as the three most challenging factors facing procurement operations. It was finally established that there is positive relationship between procurement and quality service since quality service is seen as dependent on procurement operation. Therefore with proper procurement management the expected quality service by institutions will be effected and where inefficient procurement management is exhibited, then the expected quality service is negatively affected.

This Program is designed for:
All those involved in any step of contracting; also those involved in managing or administering contracts to have a full understanding of the contractual provisions they will be managing.
By the end of the program, participants will be able to:
• Identify and discuss the major steps involved in contracting procedures.
• Develop the scope of work and recognize the implications of a poorly
prepared scope.
• Discuss the contracting strategy .
• Select contractors more efficiently.
• Recognize and practice the tendering principles and process.

The paper focused on procurement management and service delivery. Specifically the paper examined the influence of the procurement policy on service delivery, analyzed the influence of procurement planning on service delivery and the influence of sustainable procurement practice on service delivery. The general conclusion was reached after a systematic and critical examination. It was noted that procurement management has influence on service delivery. Effective procurement management has potential to improve service delivery. Specifically, it was established that that Procurement policy reduced instances of unethical practices hence improving service delivery. The positive association between procurement planning and service delivery was explicated. It identified that organizations that have procurement budget, have better service delivery, involving all the departments during the budgeting process ensures high service delivery. It was also established that there is positive association between sustainable procurement and service delivery. Organisations that put in place sustainability mechanisms, such as the social, economic and environmental sustainability, benefit by having good service delivery for their customers.

In spite of the policy and institutional reforms undertaken in the Kenyan government health facilities and the support from non-governmental organizations, government health facilities in Kisumu County are still not able to effectively manage their inventory. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inventory management practices on supply chain performance of government health facilities in Kisumu County. The target population was the 12 government health facilities level 4 and 5 in Kisumu County since they operate under some defined level of semi-self-autonomy that allows them to manage their own inventory and supply chains; which formed the unit of analysis. The unit of observation was 84 comprising of Procurement officers, Stores clerks, Logistics officers and IT employees from those health facilities. The study was conducted in the year 2018. A census was conducted on all the 12 public health facilities. The study used both primary and secondary data where a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data while a secondary data sheet collected secondary data on procurement costs. The collected quantitative data was analysed using percentages , means, standard deviations and frequencies while inferential statistics used included regression and correlation analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21 and results presented in pie chart, table and graph. Regression analysis results revealed that lean inventory practices, inventory records accuracy and information technology had a significant effect on supply chain performance, while demand forecasting had an insignificant effect on supply chain performance. Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded that lean inventory practices, inventory records accuracy and information technology had the most significant effect on supply chain performance of government health facilities in Kisumu County.

Procurement is a crucial element in the working functions of any government. In spite of the reforms in the procurement system and enactment of Public Procurement and Disposal Act (2005) in Kenya, very little has been done to analyze the factors influencing the procurement process in public sector. Procurement in Kenya suffers from poor performance characterized by red tape measures, non-compliance to the Act, overpricing, poor planning, poor contract management, inadequate transparency and accountability, material redundancy and corruption. This paper aimed at investigating factors affecting public procurement efficiency with one of the devolved county governments in Kenya – Homabay used as a case study. The investigation was achieved by; firstly, establishing how professional qualification of employees influence the efficiency of the public procurement process. Secondly assessing how information communication technology (ICT) affect the efficiency of the procurement function in Public procurement. Thirdly, establishing how contract management affect the efficiency of procurement process in the Public Sector and lastly, establishing how the procurement planning process affect efficiency of procurement process in the public sector. The study found that; there is close relationship between ICT procurement performances with highly integrated public procurement process more efficient than manual procurement process; ICT integration within public institution improves customer service delivery making it more simple and efficient; proper contract management in public procurement helps to achieve efficiency in public sector.

Sustainable procurement is the pursuit of sustainable development objectives (WCED, 1987) through the purchasing and supply process, and involves balancing environmental, social and economic objectives. It is rising on the policy agenda for many countries, but knowledge remains limited. This study explores emerging issues through focus groups at a sustainable procurement workshop. The 44 participants included senior policy makers, academics, and practitioners from public and private sector and professional bodies. Focus group discussion data were taped and analyzed. Four sustainable procurement themes were explored: (1) Moving from an environmental focus to social and economic dimensions; (2) Sustainability and innovation; (3) Ethical supply and (4) Measurement issues. Findings seek to inform academic and practitioner debate on sustainable procurement.

The main objective of the study was to assess the public sector compliance with the implementation of Annual Procurement Plan in Tanzania. The study addressed three specific objectives, the first objective was assess the procedures used to prepare annual procurement plan to determine if it adheres to public procurement Act 2011, the second specific objective was to identify the role of different internal stakeholders in implementation of APP at IFM and the third was to determine the challenges facing IFM in implemention of APP. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam using IFM as the case study; it also used case study research design covering a sample size of 30 respondents. The sample size was obtained through simple random sampling technique while data collection was done using Questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The collected data were statistically analysed using SPSS 21 version.
The study found out that there are number of procedures that were followed in implementation of Procurement planning which includes, designing, the identification and preparation stages of the project cycle, preparation of a project work and identification of the resources necessary to carry out the various project activities. The study also showed that users and other stakeholders plays a negative role in effective implementation of APP. Lastly, it was found out that, the reasons that make the IFM not to comply with the implementation of APP include, delay of fund from central government and other sources, lack of awareness on implementation of annual procurement plan and in adequate allocation of funds (insufficient budget). The study concludes that, despite the fact that, IFM has procurement plans and tries to adhere to all necessary procedures and process in implementing APP, the institute faces many challenges such as budget reviewing, lack of awareness on implementation of annual procurement plan, management actions, delay of fund from Higher Student Loan Board and other sources. Therefore, it is recommended that annual procurement plan should be adhered according to Public Procurement Acts 2011 and its regulation of 2013 together with the amended act of 2016 and its regulation of 2017 in order to impart efficient, cost effective and finally to obtain value for money.

The study aimed at assessing factors hindering adoption of green procurement in manufacturing industry, a case study of TBL Arusha. To reach this goal the study employed three objectives, namely to identify factors hindering adoption of green procurement in manufacturing industry; to find out the effect of failure to implement Green procurement in manufacturing industry; and to propose measure to be implemented to improve performance of manufacturing industry through green procurement.  The study used questionnaires to solicit data from 100 respondents both from staff of Tanzania Breweries Limited Company.  The quantitative data from questionnaires was collected and processed and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) in order to come up with concrete findings and suggestions. Study findings discovered that the lack of proper guidance and absence of enforcement or specific code to adopt green procurement hinders adoption of green procurement in manufacturing industry. The failure to implement green procurement increase environmental expenses and lower public image of the company hence decrease compliance with environmental laws. The study findings also unveiled that establishment objectives for purchase of green products and providing follow-up action of deficiencies in green procurement will improve performance of manufacturing industry. Moreover, the study recommends that top management of Tanzania Breweries Limited should support the use of green products and services. In addition, the middle level and low-level management should also be involved in the formulation and the implementation of green procurement practices.

With the introduction of AGPO program in Kenya 30% of the public procurement is reserved for the disadvantaged groups. The uptake of reserved tendering in state corporations has an impact on procurement performance. Therefore the study sought to determine and investigate the effects of reserved tendering on procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. The study intended to obtain an in depth understanding of effects of reserved tendering on procurement performance in state corporations. The study intended to determine and identify how the effect of preparing tender documents, invitation to tender, evaluation of bids, selection and contract award during reserved tendering impacts on procurement performance in relation to quality of supplies and materials, cost factor and lead time. The study was guided by four objectives and research questions. The study was guided by the agency theory, duPont model and systems theory. The study was a descriptive research that adopted a survey research design. The target population was 210 state corporations. The survey was done at 21 state corporations. The target population was 236 employees and a sample size of 76 employees being censuses of those working in the procurement departments at headquarters offices. Questionnaires were used in the study as the main tool of data collection. Questionnaires were administered to procurement staff. Cronbach's Alpha was used to test the reliability of data collection instruments. Data collected was coded and entered into the computer for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research in its data analysis. Data was presented using tables, pie charts and bar graphs. This aided in description and explanation of the study findings. Inferential statistics included correlation and multiple regression analysis. From the findings all the variables that is preparing tender documents, invitation to tender, and evaluation of bids, selection and contract award were found to have a statistically significant effect on the procurement performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study recommended that the state should allocate enough resources to ensure that the reserved tendering process is smooth in public corporations. The state should also utilize the state machinery to eliminate any corruption in the system.

Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings contains the seminal articles from the growing body of research on megaproject planning and management along with an original introduction by the editor, Bent Flyvbjerg. The leading and most cited authority in the field, Flyvbjerg has used crowdsourcing and 25 years of experience to cherry-pick from several hundred articles and books the writings that define the field. This volume will be an indispensable source for those wishing to speak with authority about how megaprojects are prepared, delivered, and fought over. The target audience is students, academics, practitioners, and media pundits alike, as well as communities affected by megaprojects.