Provocation

The article is focused on social causes of using provocations in advertising as tools of impact, consideration and comparison of provocative advertising and advertising with provocations. Analysis of main features of advertising with provocations, its essence and impact techniques of creolized advertising material that contains advertising. The article also studies riscogenics of provocations in commercial advertising, the role of provocations in building virtual social capital while promoting premium-level goods and services, as well as analysis of impact of social advertising on social actors.
Анализ социальных предпосылок применения в рекламном дискурсе провокаций как средств воздействия, рассмотрение и сравнение провокационной рекламы и рекламы-провокации. Анализ основных признаков рекламы-провокации, характера и механизма воздействия рекламных мультимодусных произведений, содержащих провокации. Изучение рискогенности провокаций в коммерческой рекламе, их роли при формировании виртуального социального капитала в процессе продвижения продуктов и услуг премиального ценового сегмента и в социальной рекламе при формировании новых ментальных установок членов социума.

Protest. presents and reflects on present and past forms of protest and looks at marginalized communities’ practices of resistance from a wide variety of perspectives. The publication shows, how protest draws on irony, subversion and provocation from a position of powerlessness, for pricking small but palpable pinholes into the controlling system of rule.

“Make Love Not War,” “Soyez réalistes, demandez l’impossible,” “Keine Macht für Niemanden,” “We are the 99%”: The last decades have been accompanied by a constant flow of resistant statements and methods in view of the prevailing conditions. When something is able to reach from the margins of society into its very center, it forges ahead in the form of a protest. It masterfully and creatively draws on contemporary signs and symbols, subverting and transforming them to engender new aesthetics and meanings, thereby opening up a space that eludes control.

Illustrated with expressive photographs and posters, Protest. considers social, culture-historical, sociological and politological perspectives as well as approaches that draw on visual theory, popular culture and cultural studies. In the process, the book takes into account in particular such contemporary developments as the virtualization of protest, how it has been turned into the fictional and its exploitation in politics by power holders of all shades.

The subject of this research is the positive provocation, its essence, types, structure, causes, riskiness, as well as the models of positive provocation in sociocultural environment. The object of this research is the provocations, the subject of which desires to achieve positive result for itself and the object of provocation. The author examines the various cases of application of provocation in the areas of philosophy, art, literature, education and social advertising; as well as the diverse models of the use of positive provocation in postmodern society. A conclusion is made that it is caused by the desire of provocateur to motivate the object of provocation for actions, beneficial to both, the subject and the object. The scientific novelty lies in systemic consideration of the forms of positive provocation at the various social levels; as well as in substantiation of conclusion that the positive provocation can be of altruistic nature and carry social importance, is not a method of causing distress, and requires a high level of reflexivity form the provocateur. The relevance of this article is justified by the broad distribution of prevocational practices in modern world and the need for their examination in the negative and positive aspect. The author formulates the definition of positive provocation, and concludes that the instruments of positive provocation at the microsocial level are trust, dishonesty, concealment of true intentions; while at the macrosocial level – the emotional pressure. The positive and negative provocation are ambivalent: negative can become positive, or the other way around, depending on the circumstances. 
Предметом исследования является положительная провокация, ее сущность виды, структура, причины, рискогенность, модели положительной провокации в социокультурной среде. Объект исследования – провокации, субъект которых стремится добиться положительного результата как для себя, так и для объекта провокации. Автор исследует случаи применения провокации в сферах философии, искусства, литературы, образования и в области социальной рекламы. Также он рассматривает различные модели применения положительной провокации в постмодернистском обществе. Он делает вывод, что её причиной является стремление провокатора создать у объекта провокации мотивацию к действиям, выгодным как субъекту, так и объекту. Методологическую основу статьи составили современные исследования провокации в русле социальных наук, для изучения феномена используются методы анализа, обобщения, синтеза и кейс-стади. Научная новизна работы заключается в системном рассмотрении форм положительной провокации на различных социальных уровнях, в обосновании выводов о том, что положительная провокация, может иметь альтруистический характер и социальное значение, не является способом уничтожения или нанесения ущерба, требует от провокатора высокого уровня рефлексивности. Актуальность исследования обусловлена широким распространением провокационных практик в современном мире и необходимостью их изучения, как в отрицательном, так и положительном аспекте. Автором сформулировано определение положительной провокации, сделан ряд выводов. В частности, отмечается, что инструментами положительной провокации на микросоциальном уровне выступают доверие, обман, сокрытие истинных намерений, на макросоциальном уровне – эмоциональное воздействие.Положительная и отрицательная провокация амбивалентны (отрицательная может стать положительной и наоборот в зависимости от обстоятельств).

Numerous studies have found that many people believe that a provocatively dressed woman is at greater risk for sexual assault and bears some responsibility for her assault if she is attacked. Furthermore, in legal, academic, and public debates about sexual assault the appropriateness of the term ‘provocative’ as a descriptor of certain kinds of women’s clothing is rarely questioned. Thus, there is a widespread but largely unquestioned belief that it is appropriate to describe revealing or suggestive women’s clothing as ‘provocative’ and that women who wear such clothing could provoke sexual assault and harassment from men. Yet it is rarely noted that only women’s clothing is described as sexually provocative. Men’s clothing, no matter how revealing, is never described as provocative. Why is this the case?

This article challenges the assumption that it is appropriate to describe women’s clothing as provocative. Drawing on models of the legal defense of provocation and research on objectification, this article argues that the social interpretation of women’s clothing as provocative arises from the privileged social and legal status of men’s sexual arousal and the objectification of women’s bodies. Continued use of this term thereby normalizes and entrenches deeply problematic attitudes about women’s responsibility for men’s sexual behavior. These beliefs and attitudes not only affect women’s everyday experiences but also have a profound impact on how the law regards the sexual assault and harassment of women. Describing women’s clothing as provocative thus reinforces a problematic conception of women’s bodies and sexuality that is connected to women’s experiences of their bodies, their clothes, and shapes their vulnerability to sexual assault and social and legal attitudes to such attacks.

Protest. presents and reflects on present and past forms of protest and looks at marginalized communities’ practices of resistance from a wide variety of perspectives. The publication shows how protest draws on irony, subversion and provocation from a position of powerlessness, for pricking small but palpable pinholes into the controlling system of rule.

“Make Love Not War,” “Soyez réalistes, demandez l’impossible,” “Keine Macht für Niemanden,” “We are the 99%”: The last decades have been accompanied by a constant flow of resistant statements and methods in view of the prevailing conditions. When something is able to reach from the margins of society into its very center, it forges ahead in the form of a protest. It masterfully and creatively draws on contemporary signs and symbols, subverting and transforming them to engender new aesthetics and meanings, thereby opening up a space that eludes control.

Illustrated with expressive photographs and posters, Protest. considers social, culture-historical, sociological and politological perspectives as well as approaches that draw on visual theory, popular culture and cultural studies. In the process, the book takes into account in particular such contemporary developments as the virtualization of protest, how it has been turned into the fictional and its exploitation in politics by power holders of all shades.

Problem: The vast majority of research examining the interplay between aggressive emotions, beliefs, behaviors, cognitions, and situational contingencies in competitive athletes has focused on Western populations and only select sports (e.g., ice hockey). Research involving Eastern, particularly Chinese, athletes is surprisingly sparse given the sheer size of these populations. Thus, this study examines the aggressive emotions, beliefs, behaviors, and cognitions, of competitive Chinese athletes. Method: Several measures related to aggression were distributed to a large sample (N ¼ 471) of male athletes, representing four sports (basketball, rugby union, association football/soccer, and squash).

Following a high profile and controversial case in which the defendant successfully invoked the provocation defence, the NSW Government established a select parliamentary committee to review the defence and its operation. The Committee recommended that the current defence be “relabelled” a defence of “gross provocation”, which was structured substantially along the lines of the reform recommended by the Law Commission for England and Wales in 2004. The NSW Government has recently responded with a different proposal for a partial defence
of “extreme provocation”. This article critically evaluates the proposed reform of the provocation defence in NSW.

As more curriculum scholars think of curriculum as currere—the dynamic development of self-understanding in the context of conversation and learning with others—and, as storying as a form of research dissemination grows in the curriculum field, I offer some thoughts on the following questions: How do my editorial choices cumulatively affect my community, the field, or me? How does my relationship to quality change? How might questions of quality both inspire and conspire against curriculum as currere? What does quality have to do with academic voice? What are my responsibilities in promoting provocative scholarship? And how might curation create new connections for the readership?

rowokacja dziennikarska występująca w prak-1 tyce polskich i zagranicznych mediów jest kon-Pt rowersyjną metodą, która nie została uregulowane prawnie. Z tego względu sądy nierzadko mają problem z rozstrzyganiem spraw, w których dziennikarz uciekł się do tej techniki zdobywania materiałów. Przykładem może być sprawa dziennikarza Telewizji Polskiej S.A., który został skazany w listopadzie 2013 r. przez Sąd Rejonowy w Białymstoku w związku z prze-2 prowadzoną prowokacją . Sąd musiał ocenić, której z wartości -swobodzie wypowiedzi czy autorytetowi sądów -przyznać pierwszeństwo.

I agree with the substance of Prof. Byrd’s argument, that what she calls ‘summoners’ are to be found in supposedly ‘early’ as well as supposedly ‘middle’ dialogues and that this serves to undermine the strong Vlastos thesis of a radical difference between those groups. But Vlastosian and other forms of developmentalism have been in retreat for some time. I think the term παρακαλοῦντα is better translated as ‘provocations’; and I would argue that they are to be found in all of Plato’s dialogues and that their presence supports a more deeply unitarian approach than Byrd explicitly offers here. On the other hand, provocation is only a pedagogical strategy and, although its presence constitutes a kind of unity across the Platonic corpus, the problem developmentalism was intended to solve – apparent inconsistencies and contradictions between views apparently asserted in various dialogues – remains in need of solution.

Krzysztof Witosz: "Opanowanie Wodzisławia przez siły powstańcze w czasie II zrywu niepodległościowego w 1920 r."

Piotr Sidor: "Międzysojusznicza Komisja Rządząca i Plebiscytowa wobec drugiego powstania śląskiego"

Janusz Lubszczyk: "Post scriptum do tragedii pszowskiej z 1906 roku"

Tomasz Muskus: "Samolot nad Wodzisławiem czyli historia niemieckiej prowokacji w 1939 r."

Kazimierz Mroczek: "Przyczynki do dziejów kolei żelaznych w Wodzisławiu na Górnym Śląsku cz. II."

Bieżące wiadomości i komunikaty TMZW.

The personality and activities of Evno Azef have attracted historians, politicians and journalists for more than a hundred years. Despite the abundance of published historical research, monographs and articles, the topic still cannot be called studied. For example, recently was discovered in archives and published in the archives the document, which have raised the problem of Azef’s involvement in the death of Pyotr Stolypin. In this article have published the materials of the investigation of the Extraordinary Investigative Commission of the Provisional Government on the Azef case, which had not been previously introduced into scientific circulation. The most interesting among them are the interrogations of the leaders of the Russian political investigative authorities. They were not included in the famous publication “The Fall of the Tsarist regime” and contain important details of the police service of Azef. The article also attempts to assess the authenticity and validity of information about Azef’s participation in organizing the assassination of Stolypin.

In the article proposed empirically verified theory of three stages in evolution of legal personality’s autonomy: freedom, tradition and law. As a model described private legal system of NGO “Autonomous Advocacy”, reinstitution of the Provocatio ad populum (appeal to the people) ancient Roman right, which in modern times means freedom of speech to call for justice and freedom of association to enforce fair laws and legal relations.

Sheliazhenko Y. (2017). Legal system of Autonomous Advocacy as example of the self-legislation in voluntary association. Legal Annals of KROK University. Vol. 24. Pp. 150-155.

In the postmodern world, the pace at which social changes occur is striking. It motivates people to look for new ways to adapt to the fast-changing environment. In order to avoid the confrontation with potential opponents, people might resort to new methods of exerting influence on actors they deal with. This may force them to use provocation as a means of assisting its users to make an implicit impact on others, without communicating their real targets. Although, provocation may often be used with a view towards damaging the object, it has the potential to be used as a positive force. It can be an effective tool in teaching, as it can stimulate students to initiate projects in the field of education. This research aims to determine the essence of the phenomenon of provocation as a tool to be used in society and examine the types of provocation: positive and negative. It will consider the role that provocation can play as a motivational strategy in the process of teaching, primarily at the tertiary level, in comparison to other motivational strategies commonly used in the classroom. This paper examines how provocation can be utilised in education, as well as its possible advantages and drawbacks. The paper concludes by analysing the cases of provocation usage in the field of education, as well as the effectiveness of this method in these particular situations.

By late December 2010, the truculence of brinkmanship between the two Koreas made it easy to forget that more auspicious signs of compromise had come as recently as this past autumn. The resumption of reunions among separated Korean families in late October and early November appeared to signal a modest improvement in inter-Korean cooperation, raising hopes that a program of cross-border family meetings would not only continue, but also expand. Yet, those hopes were dashed only weeks later when a military crisis escalated off the west coast of the Korean peninsula. On November 23 in a contested maritime zone, a South Korean military exercise was challenged by a North Korean artillery unit, which escalated the confrontation by shelling a South Korean island—killing four South Koreans including two civilians. In the artillery exchange that followed between the two sides, five North Korean soldiers were killed. The stark contrast between the pathos of the tearful family reunions and th...

Purpose: This investigation will see how Provocative promotions impact the conduct of adolescents, youths; and how their way of life influences their aims of procurement of body deodorants and scent. The study reveals the projection of sexual content through these advertisements and opinion of youngsters towards it. Methodology: This study uses primary and secondary data. Secondary data accumulated from Journals, Books, and web and Primary data was assembled by an organized survey, which included both open-ended and close-ended questions. Findings: The results of this paper found that People both have a great frame of mind toward sexual ad and Provocation is an approach to get consideration which thusly creates enthusiasm to buy such deodorant products. Implications: The intention of using provocative advertising should be clear and the same should be noted while executing marketing strategy in deodorant industries. Value: This investigation examines the effect that affects the attitude of individuals towards the sexual advancement and its effect on client purchase point while procuring antiperspirants, it in like manner explores the effects of affectation in brand picture improvement too.

Many instances of aggression result in excessive retaliation in response to a seemingly trivial triggering event. The triggered displaced aggression paradigm (TDA; provides an experimental vehicle for exploring such occurrences. Participants were either provoked or not and were subsequently exposed to a neutral, mild, or moderately strong triggering event from a second bogus participant. Consistent with TDA theory , disjunctively escalated aggressive behavior occurred only among previously provoked participants when responding to the mild triggering event, but not the moderately strong or neutral trigger. Independent of provocation, the neutral triggering event elicited very low levels of aggression, whereas the moderately strong trigger elicited moderate levels of aggression. Implications for instances of real world aggression are discussed.

В статье дается определение понятия "провокация" с точки зрения авторов русскоязычных и англоязычных научных публикаций. Рассматривается вопрос возможности установления намеренности провокационных действий. Выделяются признаки, на основании которых пользователи интернет-коммуникации атрибутируют собеседникам провокативное намерение.

At current era of globalization, media is the double edged sword that is important both for health education as well as the stimulation of unhealthy behaviour. In Nepal, though there is ban on most forms of advertising, it is not clear about placement of tobacco advertisement in TV, films and other forms of media. Studies about cigarette smoking and its association with media are inadequate in Nepal. The objective of this study was to explore the role of media in cigarette smoking habit of adolescents in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 adolescent students by using questionnaire method in 3 randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Data were analysed by using bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Statistically significant relationship at 95% CI was found between cigarette smoking status and media related variables like: seeing cigarette advertisement, reading fashion magazine, attending musical program sponsored by cigarette companies, watching movies in cinema hall, liking heavy metal/hard rock music, television watching time and desire to smoke if favourite artist smokes. Multinomial logistic regression showed that those with high receptivity to cigarette advertisement were likely to be current smokers (OR = 71.416, CI: 8.796 -579.823) and ever smokers (OR = 9.582, CI: 2.201 -41.714) compared to never smokers. About 79% of respondents agreed that media teaches different ways of smoking to its audiences. Different forms of media including cinema, music, magazines, television, games and music sponsorship are found to be important predictors for smoking status of college students in urban Nepal. Thus smoking prevention activities should consider role of media in smoking provocation among adolescents.

This paper explores how provocation narratives introduce political bias in international news. It is based on a two-step methodology. First, a network analysis of country co-mentions in American, British, French, and German news corpus shows that core countries (e.g., the United States) and their opponents (e.g., North Korea, Russia, Iran) are the most frequently cited in provocation narratives. Focusing on the case where provocation narratives are the most prominent, the Korean conflict, we then employ a quantitative content analysis to identify the relationships between the countries involved in news stories using provocation narratives, and the role played by the provocation in those news stories. Our findings show that bias is introduced in many instances where journalists, while repeatedly identifying one country, North Korea, as the provocateur, omit key information such as the reasons behind North Korea’s provocations or the identity of the provoked country. This indicates th...

The term "temptation" admits of two normative senses, a primary meaning which is essentially moral, and a secondary meaning which is non-moral though nevertheless evaluative. The Oxford American Dictionary lists "to arouse a desire in" and "to attract" as the second meaning of the term. 1 This common meaning is invoked in such colloquialisms as "I was tempted to have another cup of coffee," or "I was tempted to stay up late and watch a movie." These examples suggest that we often use "temptation" to mean nothing more than desire, and thus that "temptation" is sometimes used in a non-moral way. Though non-moral, this sense of "temptation" is nevertheless normative, since to desire something involves possessing a pro-attitude toward the object. But the central meaning of "temptation," according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is "the action of tempting or fact of being tempted, especially to evil." 2 There are active and passive dimensions to this. On the one hand, "temptation" involves something that tempts: an agent or object of temptation. On the other hand, temptation connotes the state of being tempted: a subjective state. The standard definition also makes clear that the active and passive aspects of temptation have a special relation to evil. Although this may be compatible with being tempted to do good, it seems exceedingly odd to suppose, for instance, that we might be tempted to tell the truth, or care lovingly for our child, or obey the law. We need to know more about the relationship between temptation and evil, if only to determine whether it is possible to be tempted to do good. One recent author goes so far as to assert that both tempting and being tempted are necessarily immoral, implying that the link between temptation and evil is conceptual. 3 If so, then it is not merely odd but absurd to suppose that we might be tempted to do good. The passive dimension of the standard definition, the state of being tempted, raises the issue of what such a condition involves, and whether it is itself active or passive. If being tempted is a psychological condition in which we are disposed toward that which we believe is wrong or bad, then it is important to identify the specific beliefs and desires, intentions and motives, and knowledge

Some products are considered to be 'bad taste' and therefore of less value. However, if we focus on what a product does with and for its users, rather than on what a product is, we can disregard superficial statements based on taste and instead reach a better understanding of design. This reasoning is based on the relationship between 'good taste' and 'good design', terms which are sometimes confused and treated as synonyms. In this article, we explore the tension between 'good taste' and 'good design' and how designers can use that tension in the design process. We consider 'good taste' to be rooted in a subjective context of inherent values, whereas 'good design' arises from competence and is based on professional skill. 'Bad taste' is here exemplified by products associated with the lifestyles of rap artists and the subculture of bling. In the context of a course on trends, industrial design students were given the task of exploring how bling products are perceived in everyday life and proposing future bling scenarios. Their views on bling were compatible with how bling is presented in the media. However, when the students began to consider what the product does rather than what it is, they were able to use bling as a source of creativity for their own bling projects. What other design opportunities are overlooked by regarding products as being in 'bad taste'?

URBAN, Jiří. Distrust as a perception, resistance as a response: the introduction of communist politics in the East Bohemian rural area. In RADU, Sorin – BUDEANCA, Cosmin (eds.). Countryside and Communism in Eastern Europe: Perceptions, Attitudes, Propaganda. Münster: Wilhelm Hopf LIT Verlag, 2016, p. 395-427. ISBN 978-3-643-90715-8.
In his chapter author considers a perception and an acceptance of communist politics in the Czech rural areas. For the Czechoslovakian countryside the communist regime established in February 1948 was embodied primarily by an obligation to meet high delivery quotas and (after the launch of collectivisation in February 1949) also by pressure on the establishment of unified agricultural cooperatives, collective farms on the Soviet model. In such condition a number of villagers decided to resist this pressure and protect their land, property and traditions. Methods and ways they had used were very varied.
The author monitors the process of collectivization and the resistance it provoked in Eastern Bohemia, in the former district of Nový Bydžov. In the spring of 1949, soon after launching the collectivization, some local villagers started to intimidate the most active local communist exponents. While 9th annual congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was taking place in Prague, they set up the gibbet with the names of local Bolsheviks in the neighbouring village. Later they immobilized the car of district communist speaker. Also a large amount of anti-collectivization and anticommunist leaflets were appearing in the whole surroundings.
The communist transformation of the rural world provoked various forms of resistance. The author shows how the communist policy was perceived by the villagers, which way the centrally directed agricultural policy was shown into their living and how spontaneous and multifarious the forms of resistance against it were.

The partial defense of provocation provides that a person who kills in the heat of passion brought on by legally adequate provocation is guilty of manslaughter rather than murder. The defense traces back to the twelfth century and exists today, in some form, in almost every U.S. state and other common law jurisdictions. But long history and wide application have not produced agreement on the rationale for the doctrine. To the contrary, the search for a coherent and satisfying rationale remains among the main occupations of criminal law theorists.

Performed for the first time in May 1964 at the American Center in Paris during the Festival de la Libre Expression organized by French artist Jean-Jacques Lebel, Carolee Schneemann’s scandalous Meat Joy provoqued public outrage.
      Relating to Artaud’s Theater of cruelty and French butcher shops, the performance uses real bodies and carcasses as painting material. In a letter to Lebel, Schneemann describes to envision “[…] several girls whose gestures develop from a tactile, bodily relationship to individual men and to a mass of meat slices.” Collision and embrace, calm and absolute frenzy, trance and orgiastic activity define Meat Joy. Separated in three different sequences, the different performers, who first seemed to follow at least some kind of scripted movements, become more and more agitated, frantic and out-of-control. Meat Joy seemed to be less and less a work of art, but an example of ancient orgiastic fertility rituals. Centered around the women who visibly enjoyed the tactile sensation with each other and their male counterparts, as well as their seemingly cannibalistic behavior, Schneemann broke with Western tradition: instead of focusing on male pleasure which would put woman in a passive, objectified position, she places (subversive) female pleasure at the center of attention. They are actively part of the event, and even though their male counterparts are there to shift their different positions, they are only that, Handlangers - henchmen or tools to ease woman’s pleasure.

          I propose a detailed interpretation of Meat Joy and its inspirations (matriarchal fertility rituals, cannibalistic sacrifices, etc.). The revolutionary way Schneemann treated the subject of absolute female pleasure in a male-dominated world and the reaction towards it seems to fit perfectly into a conference focusing on women’s pleasures and their discontents.

This paper explores how provocation narratives introduce political bias in international news. It is based on a two-step methodology. First, a network analysis of country co-mentions in American, British, French, and German news corpus shows that core countries (e.g., the United States) and their opponents (e.g., North Korea, Russia, Iran) are the most frequently cited in provocation narratives. Focusing on the case where provocation narratives are the most prominent, the Korean conflict, we then employ a quantitative content analysis to identify the relationships between the countries involved in news stories using provocation narratives, and the role played by the provocation in those news stories. Our findings show that bias is introduced in many instances where journalists, while repeatedly identifying one country, North Korea, as the provocateur, omit key information such as the reasons behind North Korea’s provocations or the identity of the provoked country. This indicates th...

Terorizm hem kendi basina bir stratejidir hem de kendisine ait stratejileri vardir. Terorizm devletler veya teror orgutleri tarafindan kullanilabilecek bir strateji olarak gorulurken, teror orgutleri tarafindan da farkli stratejiler uygulanmaktadir. Teroristlerin faaliyetlerinde kullanilan yipratma, gozdagi verme, tahrik, arayi bozma ve rekabet olmak uzere farkli stratejik mantigin anlasilmasi sadece terorizmi anlamak icin degil, ayni zamanda terorizmle mucadelede etkili politikalarin olusturulmasi icin de buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu makale genel olarak amac (hedef), strateji ve taktik arasindaki iliskiyi inceleyerek stratejinin tanimini yapmakta ve cesitli akademisyenlerin yapmis oldugu terorizm tanimlarindan yola cikarak terorizmin kendisinin bir strateji olup olmadigini sorgulamaktadir. Makalenin sonunda terorizmin stratejileri ve bu stratejileri elverisli kilan durumlarin neler oldugu tartisilmaktadir.

Eng: Why is black metal provocative? What is it in the subculture and music that provokes? To answer this, the work is divided into two parts. The first part is based on an authenticity discourse and examines black metal as a cultural phenomenon. Here the focus is on black metal as a subculture with its associated history. The historical overview divides black metal into four generations and defines the associated subcultural terminology, as well as the subculture and the development of the genre. This is done in relation to relevant music examples for the four generations. After this, a religious background is given regarding the three bands that are to be analyzed in the second part of the work.
These three bands come from three different countries with a widely differing societal discourse and religious and political climate. The purpose of presenting the respective religious background refers to understanding how black metal uses common denominators for provocation, then within the same genre but not in the same environment.

The second part of the work places emphasis on the music and focuses on what it is in the music and its lyrics that is provocative. The analyzes of black metal as a subculture and musical genre were based on a similar research situation. The results of each analysis were similar. Norm-breaking behavior from prevailing societal discourse is reason enough to provoke, as a subculture this was sufficient through visual representation for a subcultural belonging. For the music, the result landed partly in the aggressive appearance the music carries, as well as through the content of the accompanying lyrics where central themes include Satanism, occultism, devil worship and carry anti-religious messages.


SV: Varför är black metal provokativt? Vad i subkulturen och musiken provocerar? För att besvara detta är arbetet indelat i två delar. Den första delen utgår från en autenticitetsdiskurs och undersöker black metal som kulturellt fenomen. Här ligger fokus på black metal som subkultur med dess tillhörande historik. Den historiska översikten delar in black metal i fyra generationer och definierar tillhörande subkulturell terminologi, likväl subkulturen och genrens utveckling. Detta sker i relation till relevanta musikexempel för de fyra generationerna. Efter detta ges en religiös bakgrund gällande de tre band som ska analyseras i arbetets andra del.
Dessa tre band kommer ifrån tre olika länder med en vitt skild samhällsdiskurs och religiöst samt politiskt klimat. Syftet med att föra fram respektive religiös bakgrund avser förståelse för hur black metal använder gemensamma nämnare för provokation, då inom samma genre men inte i samma miljö.

Arbetets andra del lägger vikt vid den klingande musiken och fokuserar på vad det är i musiken och dess låttexter som är provocerande. Analyserna av black metal som subkultur och musikalisk genre utgick från ett snarlikt forskningsläge. Resultatet av respektive analys var likartat. Normbrytande beteende från rådande samhällsdiskurs är skäl nog för att provocera, som subkultur var detta tillräckligt genom visuell representation för en subkulturell tillhörighet. För musiken landade resultatet dels i den aggressiva framtoning musiken bär, samt genom de tillhörande låttexternas innehåll där centrala teman inkluderar satanism, ockultism, djävulsdyrkan och bär anti-religiösa budskap.