Stars

The fundamental parameters of 60 previously unstudied open clusters of Czernik, Dol-Dzim, Kronberger, and Turner were derived with color-magnitude diagrams of JHK s Near-IR 2MASS photometry. These clusters have never been studied before, and we provide, for the first time, the cluster parameters; the angular diameter, distance, reddening, age, and metallicity. The 2MASS catalog has the advantages of being homogeneous database, enabling us to observing the young clusters in their dusty environments and reaching their outer regions where the low mass stars dominate.

Keeping an exact calendar was important to schedule Delphic festivals. The proper day for a prophecy involved a meticulous calculation, which was carried out by learned priests and ancient philosophers. The month of Bysios on average is February, but in reality it could be any 30-day interval between January and March. Bysios starts with a New Moon, but the beginning of the month is not easily pinpointed and thus Bysios and the 7 th day for giving an oracle cannot be identified according to the Gregorian calendar. The celestial motions of Lyra and Cygnus with regards to sunrise and sunset are related to the Delphi temple‘s orientation and the high altitude of steep cliffs of the Faidriades in front of it. Light from the rising Sun shines at the back of the temple where the statue of the god is located, while the appearance and disappearance of Lyra and Cygnus, two of Apollo‘s favorite constellations in the Delphic sky, mark the period of absence of the god to the Hyperboreans. This ...

The objective of this study was to create a predictive model to classify stars, galaxies, and quasars, along with comparing different classification models to find the superior one. I hypothesized that it was possible to successfully train a machine learning model to classify stars, galaxies, and quasars using astronomical data provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). A multinomial logistic regression model has been trained and tested. It had an accuracy of 0.87, a weighted average precision, recall, and an f-1 score of 0.87, and a cross-validation accuracy score of 0.8664. The next model, a decision tree, had an accuracy of 0.99, weighted average precision, recall, and an f-1 score of 0.99, a cross-validation accuracy score of 0.99, and a cross-validation accuracy score of 0.9858. The decision tree model had significantly superior performance compared to the logistic regression model and was a good fit and accurate classifier for stars, galaxies, and quasars, proving my hypothesis to be correct. The model from this study could be used as a reliable classification tool for a wide variety of astronomical purposes to accelerate the expansion of the sample sizes of stars, galaxies, and especially quasars.

A sample of 145 JHK--2MASS observations of NGC open star clusters is studied, of which 132 have never been studied before. Twelve are classified as non-open clusters and 13 are re-estimated self-consistently, after applying the same methods in order to compare and calibrate our reduction procedures. The fundamental and structural parameters of the 120 new open clusters studied here are derived using color-magnitude diagrams of JHK Near-IR photometry with the fitting of solar metallicity isochrones. We provide here, for the first time, a catalog of the main parameters for these 120 open clusters, namely, diameter, distance, reddening and age.

Four stars in the night sky have been formally recognised by their Australian Aboriginal names. The names include three from the Wardaman people of the Northern Territory and one from the Boorong people of western Victoria. The Wardaman star names are Larawag, Wurren and Ginan in the Western constellations Scorpius, Phoenix and Crux (the Southern Cross). The Boorong star name is Unurgunite in Canis Majoris (the Great Dog). They are among 86 new star names drawn from Chinese, Coptic, Hindu, Mayan, Polynesian, South African, and Aboriginal Australian cultures.

In the history of the astronomy, Islamic astronomy or Arab astronomy refers to the astronomical contributions made in the Islamic world, especially in the Golden Islamic Era, ages 8-15, often written in Arabic. Most of these contributions occurred in the Middle East, Central Asia, Andalusia, North Africa and sometimes in the Far East and India. Like other Islamic sciences, astronomy was created by assimilating foreign materials and integrating the disparate elements of those materials to find a science that suited the characteristics of Islam. These foreign materials were in the works of the Sassanians, Hellenists and Indians, who were translated and grouped together. In contrast, Islamic astronomy had a clear influence on the Byzantines, Indians, Europeans and Chinese. Where Islamic art played an important role in the advancement of astronomy through the production of manuscripts, which were always provided with illustrations and illustrations and by the Muslim artists work and decoration of applied products that rely on astronomical knowledge. This research deals with the study of the pictorial scenes drawn by the artist on the manuscripts and the translation of the images of stars and planets in astronomy and its description and analysis of the artistic and design aspects of the manuscripts included human and animal drawings and superstitious objects as well as geometric and vegetal motifs. Things looked at the sky and its stars and observed the close relationship between earth and heaven and began to translate it through those Painting. The aim of this research is to clarify the characteristics that characterize these drawings as they were drawn on an astronomical document, where the artist took into consideration the original purpose of drawing, which is the monitoring of the heavenly bodies and their components, thus releasing the artist's hand to a great extent in showing his abilities as shown in those Painting. The researcher's interest in studying the current research and its use in the analysis and clarification of the artistic features of the Painting of stars and the philosophical dimension of the role of astronomy in Islamic Painting, which is the problem of the current research: Research Problem: Is focused on trying to take advantage of the philosophical dimension of the role of astronomy in the Islamic Painting of stars and symbols and their artistic features to enrich the design field.

Joseph A Seiss, compiled his own version of the Constellation based on Biblical data and the results are amazing.  Seeing the meaning behind the stars in terms of the Messiah and our Redemption adds new understanding to how everything really is connected.

Le stelle sono belle, però non possono partecipare attivamente a nessuna vicenda umana: possono soltanto guardare giù, in eterno, sulla terra. E' una punizione caduta su di esse per qualche mancanza commessa tanto tempo fa e che ora più nessuna stella sa quale fosse. Così le più vecchie, la colpevoli, sono diventate occhiute e taciturne (il linguaggio delle stelle è il loro continuo ammiccare), le più piccole si meravigliano di tutto e vogliono vedere. In realtà, non sono molto amiche di Peter perché agli ha il deplorevole vezzo di giocare a rimpiattino dietro a loro e di soffiare sopra le loro fiammelle."

Астрономия - одна из самых древних наук: названия звёзд и созвездий (астронимы) были известны ещё с незапамятных времён. В этом словаре впервые собраны русские народные астронимы. Каждое название - свидетельство яркого, образной мышления наших предков. В словарь также включены и научные астронимы, являющиеся в большинстве своём переводами латинских названий или плодом творчества астрономов XVIII-XIX вв. Увлекательные очерки расскажут об истории возникновения и развития русской астронимии. Словарь предназначен как специалистам по русскому языку и истории России, так всем интересующимся русской культурой.

To treat the cause of a disease and not only its effects is of the utmost importance; hence, we need to know the origin of this pandemic of COVID-19, in order to be able, if possible, to prevent an event of such a nature and magnitude in the future, and to be able to avoid every sort of abuses to humanity, as it is happening right now. Bullet points here addressed are: 1) To have, inside the backbone of a virus from a bat (mostly ~97.55% of the viral RNA (by deducting the HIV inserts found by Perez, Montagnier and others), & as per the findings of Petrovsky, see below, and also to contrast the differences), the insertion similar to that of a pangolin virus for the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD, which basically consists of six separated key amino acids, or the 0.06% of its genome for these particular 18 nucleotides), being their receptor the ACE2 of the human lung, appearing at a time (as earlier as since September of 2019), were there were already mature all of the molecular methodologies necessary to modify individual nucleotides (Crispr-Cas9, "Seamless", etc.) that then modify at will the resulting amino acids, with the possibility to give an extra passage to the virus through ferrets (or other lab animals) that have an ACE2 very similar to the humans, to give it then a more "natural" appearance (by random trivial changes); because, had it been natural. Abstract-To treat the cause of a disease and not only its effects is of the utmost importance; hence, we need to know the origin of this pandemic of COVID-19, in order to be able, if possible, to prevent an event of such a nature and magnitude in the future, and to be able to avoid every sort of abuses to humanity, as it is happening right now. Bullet points here addressed are: 1) To have, inside the backbone of a virus from a bat (mostly ~97.55% of the viral RNA (by deducting the HIV inserts found by Perez, Montagnier and others), & as per the findings of Petrovsky, see below, and also to contrast the differences), the insertion similar to that of a pangolin virus for the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD, which basically consists of six separated key amino acids, or the 0.06% of its genome for these particular 18 nucleotides), being their receptor the ACE2 of the human lung, appearing at a time (as earlier as since September of 2019), were there were already mature all of the molecular methodologies necessary to modify individual nucleotides (Crispr-Cas9, "Seamless", etc.) that then modify at will the resulting amino acids, with the possibility to give an extra passage to the virus through ferrets (or other lab animals) that have an ACE2 very similar to the humans, to give it then a more "natural" appearance (by random trivial changes); because, had it been natural, this could had required an animal host infected with these two viruses simultaneously, and that with an unexplainable marksmanship, to specifically modify the key six codons (and a second independent of such impossible recombinants, to give raise to the differences exclusively present at the end of the long Orf1ab, into the Nsf15 and Nsf16); 2) To have an even more important and unique peculiar site, PRRAR (encompassing the needed 12 bases to complete that sequence, being this the 0.04% of the full genome), for protease cleavage (new to Plasmin and Furin, plus Trypsin, TMRPSS2, etc.) inside the protein called Spike (S), to obtain the fragments S1 and S2 in order to allow the viral RNA to penetrate into the cell (expanding the range, not only to lung cells as the previous modification, but also to white and to neural cells), whose nucleotides producing it are highly strange to the rest of the viral sequence, because they contain more than an 83% of richness in its nucleotides GC, being these 12 nucleotides alien to the rest of the virus:

Keeping an exact calendar was important to schedule Delphic festivals. The proper day for a prophecy involved a meticulous calculation, which was carried out by learned priests and ancient philosophers. The month of Bysios on average is February, but in reality it could be any 30-day interval between January and March. Bysios starts with a New Moon, but the beginning of the month is not easily pinpointed and thus Bysios and the 7 th day for giving an oracle cannot be identified according to the Gregorian calendar. The celestial motions of Lyra and Cygnus with regards to sunrise and sunset are related to the Delphi temple's orientation and the high altitude of steep cliffs of the Faidriades in front of it. Light from the rising Sun shines at the back of the temple where the statue of the god is located, while the appearance and disappearance of Lyra and Cygnus, two of Apollo's favorite constellations in the Delphic sky, mark the period of absence of the god to the Hyperboreans. This coincides with the 3-month interval from the end of December to the middle of March. During the later part of this period, on the 7 th day of Bysios, the oracle was given. At any rate, the Delphic calendar was a lunar-solar-stellar one, and was properly adjusted to coincide with and preserve the seasonal movements of those constellations.

Early ethnographers and missionaries recorded Aboriginal languages and oral traditions across Australia. Their general lack of astronomical training resulted in misidentifications, transcription errors and omissions in these records. In western Victoria and southeast South Australia many astronomical traditions were recorded but, cur- iously, some of the brightest stars in the sky were omitted. Scholars claimed these stars did not feature in Aboriginal traditions. This continues to be repeated in the literature, but current research shows that these stars may in fact feature in Aboriginal traditions and could be seasonal calendar markers. This paper uses established techniques to identify seasonal stars in the traditions of the Kaurna Aboriginal people of the Adelaide Plains, South Australia.

This essay introduces the earliest known representations of planets and other stellar deities in East and Central Asian Buddhist art, especially in China. The five biggest planets, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Mercury, were observed and named at an early stage in China. However, their anthropomorphic representations became popular only after the arrival of Buddhism. It is likely that Western traditions regarding their appearance were transmitted through India. In Buddhist sutras the planets are often described as paying homage to the Buddha and listening to his teachings, and this is how many paintings represent them. A Chinese painting from Dunhuang shows a seated Buddha (the Buddha of the Blazing Light) on a chariot surrounded by the planets, represented as human figures with their attributes. Such representation of this Buddha was always associated with the planets. This essay introduces later Chinese paintings as well as a hitherto misidentified Uygur example of this representation, and points out that the iconography of the planets remained remarkably constant in East Asian art. The essay also includes relevant sections of sutras, as these determined the iconographic method for showing the planets up to recent times in China, Japan and Korea. From Culture & Cosmos, Volume 10 no 1 and 2 (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter 2006), special double, issue on The Worship of Stars in Japanese Religious Practice

Volume 10 was a collaboration with the The Centre for the Study of Japanese Religions at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, guest edited by Lucia Dolce.

Aboriginal Australians carefully observe the properties and positions of stars, including both overt and subtle changes in their brightness, for subsistence and social application. These observations are encoded in oral tradition. I examine two Aboriginal oral traditions from South Australia that describe the periodic changing brightness in three pulsating, red-giant variable stars: Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis), Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), and Antares (Alpha Scorpii). The Australian Aboriginal accounts stand as the only known descriptions of pulsating variable stars in any Indigenous oral tradition in the world. Researchers examining these oral traditions over the last century, including anthropologists and astronomers, missed the description of these stars as being variable in nature as the ethnographic record contained several misidentifications of stars and celestial objects. Arguably, ethnographers working on Indigenous Knowledge Systems should have academic training in both the natural and social sciences.

La arquitectura es algo más que unas estructuras portantes para sostener una cubierta y unos elementos decorativos asociados a ella. Levantado un edificio público, la comunidad lo hace suyo mediante reelaboraciones infinitas, espontáneas, ajenas a la voluntad del constructor pero no necesariamente enfrentadas a ella.
Las múltiples expresiones inscritas en los muros de un templo (en su fábrica o en los enlucidos) son la materialidad de hechos puntuales, registros únicos, sin intención publicitaria pero no clandestinos. Cruces, estrellas, alquerques, entrelazos, nudos salomónicos… suponen la plasmación de un imaginario más allá de la iconografía que no miramos, pero ahí está. En propiedad, no responden a la metáfora del palimpsesto, pues por lo general no se borran premeditadamente los signos anteriores ya que no molestan, sino que intensifican la memoria devocional colectiva, por lo común popular.
Del mismo modo que los eruditos ilustrados combatieron la superstición, parece que procedemos igual con la arquitectura histórica, eliminando y borrando marcas, signos de uso, pequeñas “cicatrices” que consideramos parasitarias, espurias, para reencontrarnos con una presunta esencialidad del edificio. Pero tales signos son parte de esa arquitectura, la constituyen, y se inscribieron en gran parte para protegerla, a ella y a sus usuarios. Por las mismas, al eliminar esos testimonios históricos acabamos con barreras profilácticas, y dejamos edificios con forma pero sin información… inermes y al albur de los elementos. En la mentalidad “antigua” tales signa contribuían a conservar el edificio. No puede ser que, bajo el mismo concepto, los destruyamos hoy.
Estos grafitos, aislados o formando constelaciones, por lo general cerca de los vanos (accesos por los que puede entrar el mal) pero también en los tejados, refuerzan el aspecto documental de los muros, les aportan historicidad diacrónica y nos acercan a la cultura popular, viva, de manera privilegiada. Tales testimonios permiten otra lectura de paramentos, riquísima en clave cultural. Además, nos permiten disfrutar más de esa arquitectura, allí donde se han respetado estos testimonios tan frágiles. Repasaremos cruces, estrellas, alquerques, nudos de Salomón, laberintos… y se tratará de un tipo poco estudiado, la “horma de peregrino”. A pesar de la destrucción del tiempo y de las restauración, todavía los vemos por doquier. Hora es de mirarlos, paso previo a su valoración

“Gravitons emitted by Dark Matter form the star”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons emitted by Dark Matter compress hydrogen and star is formed”
Adrian Ferent

“When I look at the stars, I'm glad I explained how they formed”
Adrian Ferent

“Quand je regarde les étoiles, je suis content d'avoir expliqué comment elles se sont formées”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons emitted by Dark Matter compress the hydrogen, once the core temperature has reached about 14 million K, fusion of hydrogen occurs”
Adrian Ferent

“For a large star with a mass greater than 2 times the mass of the Sun, when collapse the force of gravity becomes so strong that Matter and Dark Matter disappears in the form of a Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

The current standard model of cosmology (SMoC) requires The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem to be true according to which two types of dwarf galaxies must exist: primordial dark-matter (DM) dominated (type A) dwarf galaxies, and tidal-dwarf and ram-pressure-dwarf (type B) galaxies void of DM. Type A dwarfs surround the host approximately spherically, while type B dwarfs are typically correlated in phasespace. Type B dwarfs must exist in any cosmological theory in which galaxies interact. Only one type of dwarf galaxy is observed to exist on the baryonic Tully-Fisher plot and in the radius-mass plane. The Milky Way satellite system forms a vast phase-space-correlated structure that includes globular clusters and stellar and gaseous streams. Other galaxies also have phase-space correlated satellite systems. Therefore, The Dual Dwarf Galaxy Theorem is falsified by observation and dynamically relevant cold or warm DM cannot exist. It is shown that the SMoC is incompatible with a large set of other extragalactic observations. Other theoretical solutions to cosmological observations exist. In particular, alone the empirical mass-discrepancyacceleration correlation constitutes convincing evidence that galactic-scale dynamics must be Milgromian. Major problems with inflationary big bang cosmologies remain unresolved.

We report Mopra Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), Anglo-Australian Telescope and Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment observations of a molecular clump in Carina, BYF73 = G286.21+0.17, which give evidence of large-scale gravitational infall in the dense gas. From the millimetre and far-infrared data, the clump has a mass of ~2 × 104Msolar, luminosity of ~2-3 × 104Lsolar and diameter of ~0.9 pc. From radiative transfer modelling, we derive a mass infall rate of ~3.4 × 10-2Msolaryr-1. If confirmed, this rate for gravitational infall in a molecular core or clump may be the highest yet seen. The near-infrared K-band imaging shows an adjacent compact HII region and IR cluster surrounded by a shell-like photodissociation region showing H2 emission. At the molecular infall peak, the K imaging also reveals a deeply embedded group of stars with associated H2 emission. The combination of these features is very unusual, and we suggest that they indicate the ongoing formation ...

The existence of life based on carbon chemistry and water oceans relies upon planetary properties, chiefly climate stability, and stellar properties, such as mass, age, metallicity, and galactic orbits. The latter can be well constrained with present knowledge. We present a detailed, up-to-date compilation of the atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, multiplicity, and degree of chromospheric activity for the astrobiologically interesting solar-type stars within 10 parsecs of the Sun. We determined their state of evolution, masses, ages, and space velocities, and produced an optimized list of candidates that merit serious scientific consideration by the future space-based interferometry probes aimed at directly detecting Earthsized extrasolar planets and seeking spectroscopic infrared biomarkers as evidence of photosynthetic life. The initially selected stars number 33 solar-type within the total population (excluding some incompleteness for late M-dwarfs) of 182 stars closer than 10 parsecs. A comprehensive and detailed data compilation for these objects is still lacking; a considerable amount of recent data has so far gone unexplored in this context. We present 13 objects as the nearest "biostars," after eliminating multiple stars, young, chromospherically active, hard xray- emitting stars, and low metallicity objects. Three of these "biostars"-Zeta Tucanae, Beta Canum Venaticorum, and 61 Virginis-closely reproduce most of the solar properties and are considered as premier targets. We show that approximately 7% of the nearby stars are optimally interesting targets for exobiology.

A little Middle-ages 2nd Crusades apocrypha about King David and a queen Sybil, that resembles the humorous stories of Canterbury Tales.

Was named "...the 100 suns" after the Centurion idea,
yet I decided to modify it to 9, because that's the way the Sybil's Persian society thinks.

Zoroaster for instance, and Mohammed, (and Moses & Samuel & Solomon were working at the level 9, of a big strong prophet king that ruled the place for all the people that didn't want slavery going on,
which is what the number 10 is often associated with

I just think that the Romans may have edited it to say 100 sons,
because of Revelations chapter 10.

“The elementary particles contain Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“The photons contain Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ”
Adrian Ferent

Where: h – is the Planck constant
a – is the Ferent constant

In this equation the Dark Matter term is a × f , this means the photons contain Dark Matter.

“The photons contain Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

Because of mass-energy equivalence, the rest energy of a particle it is E = mc^2, and because the photons contains Dark Matter this imply that all the particles contain Dark Matter.

Because all the elementary particles have Gravitational Field, this means all of them have a Dark Matter component in their equations, this means all the elementary particles contain Dark Matter.

“The elementary particles contain Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“Black holes are Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

Physicists today plagiarize my Gravitation theory, all of them say: ‘Black holes are Dark matter’, stolen from my Gravitation theory.
The  Physicists do not know what is Dark Matter, but they know that ‘Black holes are Dark matter’; it is amazing how far can go the plagiarism today!

This equation unify Matter with Dark Matter!

101. I am the first who discovered that all the elementary particles contain Dark Matter

102. I am the first who unified Matter with Dark Matter

This article approaches the poetic development between J. H. Prynne’s The
White Stones and Brass. It explores this development through the use of
cosmology in both books. It traces the figure of the stars across The White
Stones and into their appearance in ‘The Ideal Star-Fighter’ in Brass. It
examines how the stars start as figures of patience and become the
instantiation of an urgent moral imperative. This image of the stars as a figure of eschaton is contrasted to Prynne’s comments on Charles Olson’s Maximus IV, V, VI, to highlight their distinctions. It then articulates how with ‘The Ideal Star-Fighter’ this former cosmological imperative twists into a lament. The poem is examined as a work that exhibits sharp contrasts between two modes of poetic thought, as being trapped between two tendencies within Prynne’s writing. The impossibility of the moral imperative is explored through the context of technological advancements that were made possible by the experiments of scientific cosmology, especially in relation to the Cold War and the Vietnam War. Through close reading of particular poems in combination with archival materials, it aims to contextualise the shift within Prynne’s poetic thought by ventilating the work through its historical context.

The present paper suggests in the light of the various developments in film theory why most of these do not fit the case of the Indian popular cinema. Given the circumstances of origin of cinemas in India and in the West, the differences in democratic politics between them, theories which suit Hollywood cinema or European cinema may not apply congruently for the Indian films. The paper explores the points of difference between Hollywood and Bollywood and attempts to build a new theoretical approach to the Indian popular cinema using the conventional theories as tools. The end result of this paper is to be able to put a context to the Indian popular cinema.

In medieval times, an idea emerged that the star of the Magi, a real physical body, had fallen into a well in Bethlehem near the place of the Nativity after carrying out its mission of leading and announcing the event, and that it would still be visible there under particular circumstances. The present article aims to examine how this story was born, how it spread, and how it influenced the Christian imagination. It does so in two ways: analyzing the oldest documented witness to the theme, included in the first chapter of the De Gloria Martyrum by Gregory of Tours (last quarter of the 6th century); and taking into consideration other types of sources, such as the (mainly Latin) Itineraria in the Holy Land and two hagiographic texts relating to the life of St. Willibald. The investigation thus brings to light possible cultural channels between the Medieval Latin West and the Middle Eastern world, emphasizing in particular a decisive chronological junction in correspondence with the events of Crusader times.

Computing the interactions between the stars within dense stellar clusters is a problem of fundamental importance in theoretical astrophysics. However, simulating realistic sized clusters of about 10 6 stars is computationally intensive and often takes a long time to complete. This paper presents the parallelization of a Monte Carlo method-based algorithm for simulating stellar cluster evolution on programmable Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The kernels of this algorithm involve numerical methods of root-bisection and von Neumann rejection. Our experiments show that although these kernels exhibit data dependent decision making and unavoidable non-contiguous memory accesses, the GPU can still deliver substantial near-linear speed-ups which is unlikely to be achieved on a CPU-based system. For problem sizes ranging from 10 6 to 7 × 10 6 stars, we obtain up to 28× speedups for these kernels, and a 2× overall application speedup on an NVIDIA GTX280 GPU over the sequential version run on an AMD c Phenom TM Quad-Core Processor.

Since various structural components of planetary nebulae manifest themselves differently, a combination of optical, infrared, submm, and radio techniques is needed to derive a complete picture of planetary nebulae. The effects of projection can also make the derivation of the true 3-D structure difficult. Using a number of examples, we show that bipolar and multipolar nebulae are much more common than usually inferred from morphological classifications of apparent structures of planetary nebulae.

Le théâtre de boulevard récent fait partie des formes oubliées des recherches en études théâtrales. Les ouvrages généraux de Michel Corvin (Le théâtre de boulevard, PUF, « Que sais-je ? », Paris, 1989) et de Brigitte Brunet (Le théâtre de Boulevard, Nathan Université, Paris, 2004) font ainsi figure d'exception. A côté de ces deux ouvrages se trouvent des monographies relatives à un.e auteur.e, à une troupe ou un théâtre, réalisées par des universitaires ou par des journalistes 1 . Le nombre d'ouvrages et d'articles reste toutefois peu élevé. Nous entendons donc ici apporter une contribution à ces formes et à ces pratiques de spectacles délaissées dans le champ de la recherche.

Using Spitzer IRAC observations from the SAGE-SMC Legacy program and archived Spitzer IRAC data, we investigate dust production in 47 Tuc, a nearby massive Galactic globular cluster. A previous study detected infrared excess, indicative of circumstellar dust, in a large population of stars in 47 Tuc, spanning the entire Red Giant Branch (RGB). We show that those results suffered from effects caused by stellar blending and imaging artifacts and that it is likely that no stars below ≈1 mag from the tip of the RGB are producing dust. The only stars that appear to harbor dust are variable stars, which are also the coolest and most luminous stars in the cluster.

The Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) will consist of an international group of astronomers with expertise in stellar astronomy, astronomical history, and cultural astronomy. The group will catalog and standardize proper names for stars for the international astronomical community. Names will first be drawn upon the extensive historical and world-wide cultural astronomy literature. The WGSN will:

RÉSUMÉ – L’auteur montre l ’existence d’une structure mnémique dans le Purgatoire, en s’intéressant à la distribution très précise de symboles chromatiques et lumineux, tout particulièrement le “smeraldo”, le “purpureus”, et la “lucerna”. En plus de la Bible, cette architecture symbolique trouve ses fondements théoriques dans la hiérarchie des vertus chez Macrobe et dans la doctrine des Dons du Saint Esprit chez saint Thomas d’Aquin.
MOTS-CLÉS – Dante Alighieri, littérature du Moyen-âge, théologie, symbolisme des couleurs, philosophie du Moyen-âge, littérature italienne

ABSTRACT – The author shows the existence of a mnemic structure in Purgatorio, focusing on the very precise distribution of colorful and bright symbols, especially the smeraldo, the purpureus, and the lucerna. Along with the Bible, this symbolic architecture finds its theoretical foundations in the hierarchy of virtues in Macrobius and in the
doctrine of the Gifts of the Holy Spirit as according to St. Thomas Aquinas.

KEYWORDS – Dante Alighieri, medieval literature, theology, symbolism of colors, medieval philosophy, Italian literature

We have conducted a high-resolution observation of the molecular outflow with the CO (J = 2-1) and CH 3 OH (J K = 5 K -4 K , K = 0, 3) lines toward a high-mass protostar candidate, NGC 2264 CMM3, using the Submillimeter Array. A compact north-south bipolar outflow of 10 in size associated with CMM3 is found in both CO and CH 3 OH emission. The outflow dynamical age is estimated to be as young as 140-2000 yr. Together with the non-detection of any 24 μm source with the Spitzer Space Telescope, the result suggests that CMM3 likely harbors a young massive star at its very early evolutionary stage. The CH 3 OH outflow lobes are slightly offset outside those of the CO outflow, which indicates that the interaction between the outflow and the dense ambient gas causes a shock around the CO peak position, and the CH 3 OH molecule evaporated from the grain mantles is swept away from the shock front. The interaction is particularly strong in the southern (red) lobe, as indicated by the detection of the high excitation line of CH 3 OH (K = 3). The outflow seems to affect the chemical composition of CMM3 significantly.

The outburst of X ray transient source XTE J2012+381 was detected by the RXTE All Sky Monitor on 1998 May 24th. Following the outburst, X ray observations of the source were made in the 2 18keV energy band with the Pointed Proportional Counters of the Indian X ray Astronomy Experiment (IXAE) on board the Indian satellite IRS P3 during 1998 June 2nd 10th. The X ray flux of the source in the main outburst decreased exponentially during the period of observation. No large amplitude short term variability in the intensity is detected from the source. The power density spectrum obtained from the timing analysis of the data shows no indication of any quasi periodic oscillations in 0.002 0.5 Hz band. The hardness ratio i.e. the ratio of counts in 6 18 keV to 2 6 keV band, indicates that the X ray spectrum is soft with spectral index >2. From the similarities of the X ray properties with those of other black hole transients, we conclude that the X ray transient XTE J2012+381 is likely to be a black hole.

People have been in an important relationship with cosmic elements since the early days
of history, that is, sky, stars, planets, and objects that they dreamed and/or dreamed of in the
sky before they moved to the modern age and the life-cycle of urbanization. However, the
incredible change and development of urbanization, industry, and technology has detached man
from nature and therefore sky. Although humanity has sent a vehicle to many planets as a result
of scientific research about space and acquired important information about space, this is not
the case for ordinary people.
This rupture caused the knowledge of the sky to begin to be forgotten in social memory
as well as information about nature. The industrial revolution, technical and technological
developments and the change of the means of production have reduced the need of people for
the sky. Therefore, these developments gradually disrupted the relationship of people with the
sky. In the past, many cultural elements that require celestial interest and the need for these
elements have been replaced by less, limited knowledge and insensitivity to the sky.
In Turkish culture, great attention has been given to the sky, which is seen as the roof
of the world before Islam, which is the main subject or place of many mythical stories about all
the elements of which shamans travel, and in the Islamic period as a manifestation of the power
of the creator. This importance and interest, as in the oral culture, has found a place in the
written culture. Especially in hagiography which is written to address all sections of the society,
great respect and importance to the sky are constantly told. This information in literary and
historical works is important to monitor the changes that society has undergone from past to
present and to determine the cause of these changes.
In this study, the elements related to the sky in the work of Ahmed Eflâkî's Menâkıbülârifîn were examined. The celestial bodies such as the pleiades, saturn, mercury, jupiter, nine
felek, nesr, ferkâdan, spica/arcturus, canopus, anthem determined from the texts were taken
together with the backgrounds in Turkish culture.
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İnsanlar, modern çağa ve şehirleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği yoğun hayat temposuna geçmeden önce, tarihin ilk devirlerinden beri kozmik unsurlar ile yani gökyüzü, yıldızlar, gezegenler ve gökyüzünde gördükleri ve/ya hayal ettikleri nesnelerle önemli bir ilişki halindeydiler. Ancak şehirleşme, endüstri ve teknolojinin akıl almaz değişimi ve gelişimi, insanı tabiattan ve dolayısıyla gökyüzünden koparmıştır. Bu kopuş, tabiata dair bilgilerin yanı sıra gökle ilgili bilgilerin de toplumsal bellekte unutulmaya başlamasına neden olmuştur. Sanayi devrimi, teknik ve teknolojik gelişmeler ve üretim araçlarının değişmesi, insanların gökyüzüne olan ihtiyacını azaltmış ve gökle olan ilişkisini tedrici olarak sekteye uğratmıştır. Bu yüzden mitlerden, destanlara, toplumsal hayattaki tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerinden dinî ibadet ve ritüellere, mevsimlerden törenlere kadar göksel ilgiyi gerektiren birçok kültürel öğe ve bu öğelere ihtiyaç duyma durumu, yerini zamanla daha az, sınırlı bir bilgiye ve gökyüzüne karşı duyarsızlığa bırakmıştır. Türk kültüründe, İslamiyet'ten önce dünyanın çatısı olarak görülen, kam/şamanların yolculuklar yaptığı, bütün unsurlarıyla ilgili birçok mitsel hikâyenin ana konusu veya mekânı olan ve İslamî dönemde ise yaratıcının kudretinin bir tecellisi olarak görülen gökyüzüne büyük bir önem atfedilmiştir. Bu önem ve ilgi, kendisine sözlü kültürde olduğu gibi yazılı kültür ortamında da yer bulmuştur. Özellikle menakıpnameler gibi toplumun bütün kesimlerine hitap etmek adına kaleme alınan eserlerde, göğe duyulan büyük saygı ve önem defaatle zikredilmiştir. Edebî ve tarihî eserlerde yer alan bu bilgiler, toplumun geçmişten günümüze geçirdiği değişimleri izlemek ve bu değişimlerin sebebini tespit etmek adına önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Ahmed Eflâkî'nin Menâkıb'ül-ârifîn adlı eserinde yer alan gök ile ilgili unsurlar incelenmiştir. Menkıbelerden tespit edilen süreyya (ülker), zühal (satürn) ve utarit (merkür), müşteri, dokuz felek, nesr yıldızı, kırân devri, simâk yıldızı, ferkadan yıldızı, süheyl, merih (mars) gibi gök cisimleri ve yıldızların uğur-uğursuzluğu hususları, Türk kültüründeki
arka planları ile beraber ele alınmıştır.

The cold, dry and stable air above the summits of the Antarctic plateau provides the best ground-based observing conditions from optical to sub-mm wavelengths to be found on the Earth. PILOT is a proposed 2 m telescope, to be built at Dome C in Antarctica, able to exploit these conditions for conducting astronomy at optical and infrared wavelengths. While PILOT is intended as a pathfinder towards the construction of future grand-design facilities, it will also be able to undertake a range of fundamental science investigations in its own right. This paper provides the performance specifications for PI-LOT, including its instrumentation. It then describes the kinds of science projects that it could best conduct. These range from planetary science to the search for other solar systems, from star formation within the Galaxy to the star formation history of the Universe, and from gravitational lensing caused by exo-planets to that produced by the cosmic web of dark matter. PILOT would be particularly powerful for wide-field imaging at infrared wavelengths, achieving near-diffraction limited performance with simple tip-tilt wavefront correction. PILOT would also be capable of near-diffraction limited performance in the optical wavebands, as well be able to open new wavebands for regular ground based observation; in the mid-IR from 17 to 40 µm and in the sub-mm at 200 µm.

We report Mopra (ATNF), Anglo-Australian Telescope, and Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment observations of a molecular core in Carina, BY72 = G286.21+0.17, which give evidence of large-scale gravitational infall in the dense gas. From the millimetre and far-infrared data, the core has mass ∼ 5,000 M ⊙ , luminosity ∼ 2-3×10 4 L ⊙ , diameter ∼ 0.9 pc, and mass infall rate ∼ 2.4×10 −2 M ⊙ yr −1 . If confirmed, this rate for gravitational infall in a molecular core may be the highest yet seen. The near-infrared K-band imaging shows an adjacent compact HII region and IR cluster surrounded by a shell-like photodissociation region showing H 2 emission. At the molecular infall peak, the K imaging also reveals a deeply embedded group of stars with associated H 2 emission. The combination of these features is very unusual and we suggest they indicate the ongoing formation of a massive star cluster. We discuss the implications of these data for competing theories of massive star formation.

We systematically surveyed period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae based on newly obtained data and past publications. In many systems, the evolution of superhump period are found to be composed of three distinct stages: early evolutionary stage with a longer superhump period, middle stage with systematically varying periods, final stage with a shorter, stable superhump period. During the middle stage, many systems with superhump periods less than 0.08 d show positive period derivatives. We present observational characteristics of these stages and greatly improved statistics. Contrary to the earlier claim, we found no clear evidence for variation of period derivatives between superoutburst of the same object. We present an interpretation that the lengthening of the superhump period is a result of outward propagation of the eccentricity wave and is limited by the radius near the tidal truncation. We interpret that late stage superhumps are rejuvenized excitation of 3:1 resonance when the superhumps in the outer disk is effectively quenched. The general behavior of period variation, particularly in systems with short orbital periods, appears to follow the scenario proposed in . We also present an observational summary of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. Many of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae showed long-enduring superhumps during the post-superoutburst stage having periods longer than those during the main superoutburst. The period derivatives in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae are found to be strongly correlated with the fractional superhump excess, or consequently, mass ratio. WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with a long-lasting rebrightening or with multiple rebrightenings tend to have smaller period derivatives and are excellent candidate for the systems around or after the period minimum of evolution of cataclysmic variables.