Statistical Data Analysis

Gün geçtikçe bilgi üretimi üstel olarak artmakta ve dünyamız, insan bilgisini geliştirecek bir takım anlamlı bilgiler içermesi gerektiğine inandığımız verilerle dolup taşmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, anlamlı bilgi çıkarmak, büyük miktarda verinin düz metin veya geleneksel tabular biçiminde sunulması durumunda zor olmaktadır. Böylece, verilerin  etkili  grafik gösterimleri,  insan  görsel  algılama  yeteneklerini  harekete  geçirerek  popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Veri görselleştirme, insan bilgisini güçlendirmek için soyut ve fiziksel olmayan verilerin bilgisayar tabanlı  etkileşimli  görsel  temsillerinin kullanılmasıdır. Görselleştirmede,kullanıcıların  beklenen  etkinlikleri algılamaları ve keşfetmelerinin yanı sıra,veriler hakkında fikir sahibi olup beklenmedik yapıları görmelerine yardımcı olmak amaçlanır. Çok değişkenli veri görselleştirmesi için, görsel olarak analiz edilecek veri seti büyük boyutlardadır.  Belirli  bir  bilgi  görselleştirme  türü  olan  çok  değişkenli  veri  görselleştirme,  pazarlama  ve mühendislik tasarımından, endüstri ve finansal piyasalara kadar çeşitli alanlarda sayısız uygulamayı içermektedir. Bu nedenle görselleştirme birçok özellik arasındaki ilişkinin hayati öneme sahip olduğu aktif bir araştırma alanıdır. Bu  çalışmada,öncelikle  büyük  veri  konusu  hakkında  genel  bilgiler  verilmiştir.  Daha  sonra,  yaygın  olarak kullanılan  görselleştirme  teknikleri  hakkında  genel  bilgiler  verilerek,  veri  görselleştirmenin  önemi  üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:Büyük Veri, Veri Görselleştirme, Büyüklük, Çeşitlilik, Hız, Değer, Doğruluk.

This study assesses the potential of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) as an alternative tool to t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for the reduction and visualization of visible spectral images of works of art. We investigate the influence of UMAP parameters—such as, correlation distance, minimum embedding distance, as well as number of embedding neighbors— on the reduction and visualization of spectral images collected from Poèmes Barbares (1896), a major work by the French artist Paul Gauguin in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums. The use of a cosine distance metric and number of neighbors equal to 10 preserves both the local and global structure of the Gauguin dataset in a reduced two-dimensional embedding space thus yielding simple and clear groupings of the pigments used by the artist. The centroids of these groups were identified by locating the densest regions within the UMAP embedding through a 2D histogram peak finding algorithm. These centroids were subsequently fit to the dataset by non-negative least square thus forming maps of pigments distributed across the work of art studied. All findings were correlated to macro XRF imaging analyses carried out on the same painting. The described procedure for reduction and visualization of spectral images of a work of art is quick, easy to implement, and the software is opensource thus promising an improved strategy for interrogating reflectance images from complex works of art.

This paper provides an overview over a way of integrating R with PHP scripting language in order to analyze statistical data (time series).
We analyze the relationship between the foreign direct investments and GDP of the Republic of Moldova over 1992-2012 time period.

After 1990, the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries lowered the barriers to FDIs. Of course, many other developments were taking place at the same time: increasing openness to trade, privatization of previously government-owned production, and many other changes as these countries moved in various degrees from socialist to market economies and democratic governments. They privatized many state-owned enterprises, signed

The Laser Restructuring Laboratory at the Center for Microelectronics Research (CMR), University of South Florida has pursued rapid prototyping technologies for electronic systems using novel laser restructuring techniques. Laser restructuring of electronic circuits offers great ...

The present study focuses on statistical procedures for assessing the consistency between laboratory measurements of several parameters performed by different methods in different laboratories. The aim is to show that statistics is a powerful tool for analyzing measurement data and has a significant role in engineering practice. The subject of analyses is real data from the mining industry. These include measurements of the concentrations of flotation process products (content of copper in the ore, intermediate products, concentrate and waste) as well as the production of molybdenum (feed, concentrate and waste). In the paper, the statistical analysis data of parallel measurements of the above-mentioned parameters from three independent laboratories involves calculating a linear and rank correlation and analyzing how significant the influence of a laboratory factor is. Moreover, the study includes also one- and two-way analyses of variance of the same data from the same laboratories.

Introductory statistics courses should incorporate unstructured projects where students themselves generate the problems they choose to study, gather their own data, analyze the information using suitable computer software, and communicate their findings in a report. This article describes my experience with projects in the context of a large lecture course where projects are carried out in groups. Special problems that

Abstract The major objective of this paper is to provide insights to sources and sinks of nitrous acid in urban areas, and their seasonal dependency on meteorology, photochemistry and long range transport. With this aim, nitrous acid (HONO) mixing ratios and other ...

The new mathematical model to estimate volumetric and gravimetric energy densities of the rechargeable NiMH batteries has been proposed. Application of the new prospective Mg0.80Sc0.20 (1740 mAh/g) hydride forming material for MH electrode has been studied with the help of that model. It was shown that application of the new Mg0.80Sc0.20 material gives 58 % advance in gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) for AA-size battery those expected capacity reaches 3045 mAh. For the battery having the same weight as normal AA-size battery higher gains have been achieved, namely, 5 % increase in volumetric energy density and 80 % in gravimetric. Thus prospective NiMH battery may compete with majority of the currently available lithium-ion batteries. The new binary (e.g. Mg-Ti) and ternary (e.g. Mg-Ti-Al) alloys having the same capacity as MgSc alloys can be implemented on a large industrial scale instead of expensive MgSc materials.

An important part of statistical data analysis is hypothesis testing. For example, we know the probability distribution of the characteristics corresponding to a certain disease, we have the values of the characteristics describing a patient, and we must make a conclusion whether this patient has this disease. Traditional hypothesis testing techniques are based on the assumption that we know the exact values of the characteristic(s) x describing a patient. In practice, the value x comes from measurements and is, thus, only known with uncertainty: x 6= x. In many practical situations, we only know the upper bound ¢ on the (absolute value of the) measurement error ¢x def = x ¡ x. In such situation, after the measurement, the only information that we have about the (unknown) value x of this characteristic is that x belongs to the interval (x ¡ ¢; x + ¢). In this paper, we overview difierent approaches on how to test a hypothesis under such interval uncertainty. This overview is based o...