Temporality (Time Studies)

This article argues that Rousseau’s autobiographies outline an account of personal happiness as an Epicurean memorial practice. For Rousseau, happiness is secured by an attitude to pleasure cultivated by practices utilizing the powers of memory and imagination. In describing these practices autobiographically, he hoped to teach his readers to avoid the false pleasures of vulgar sensuality and pursue instead the true pleasures of what he called ‘temperate sensuality’. This orienting idea of the autobiographies is a distinctly Epicurean ascetic practice—combatting the constant threat of vulgar hedonism to bring about a new relationship to the self. By reconstructing this account, the article provides a basis to reconsider the relationship between solitude, sociability, and citizenship in Rousseau’s political thought.

The aim of this paper is to describe temporality in terminological definitions as an effect
of enunciative agency determined by the constitutive relation between language and interdiscourse. Acase
study is developed on official documents produced in the process of terminological redefinition of the
category of “planet”, which was vigorously debated during the XXVI General Assembly of the International
Astronomy Union, at Prague, in august, 24
th
of 2006. It is argue that an enunciative approach leads to
describe scientific terms and their redefinitions in the context of the text where they are introduced and
of its relations with other texts, in order to be able to interpret the way enunciative agency determines
both temporality and the construction of reference

"Artists surveyed include: Marina Abramović // Doug Aitken // Francis Alÿs // Matthew Buckingham // Janet Cardiff // Paul Chan // Jeanette Christensen // Moyra Davey // Dexter Sinister // Olafur Eliasson // Bea Fremderman // Antony Gormley // Douglas Gordon // Tehching Hsieh // Toril Johannessen // On Kawara // Joachim Koester // Lee Ufan // Christian Marclay // nova Milne // Trevor Paglen // Philippe Parreno // Katie Paterson // Raqs Media Collective // Sylvia Sleigh // Simon Starling // Michael Stevenson // Hito Steyerl // Hiroshi Sugimoto // Time/Bank // Agnès Varda

Writers include: Giorgio Agamben // Emily Apter // Karen Archey // St Augustine //  Mieke Bal // Geoffrey Batchen // Hans Belting // Franco ‘Bifo’ Berardi // Henri Bergson // Daniel Birnbaum // Yve-Alain Bois // Jorge Luis Borges // Italo Calvino // Gilles Deleuze // Georges Didi-Huberman // Brian Dillon // Elena Filipovic // Elizabeth Grosz // Boris Groys // Rachel Kent // Rosalind Krauss // George Kubler // Quinn Latimer // Bruno Latour // Doreen Massey // Jean-Luc Nancy // Michel Serres // Michel Siffre // Mark von Schlegell // Nancy Spector // Jan Verwoert // Dōgen Zenji"

From the Romantic era onwards music has been seen as the most quintessentially temporal art, possessing a unique capacity to invoke the human experience of time.  Through its play of themes and recurrence of events music has the ability to stylise in multiple ways our temporal relation to the world, with far-reaching implications for modern conceptions of memory, subjectivity, personal and collective identity, and history.  Time, as philosophers, scientists and writers have found throughout history, is notoriously hard to define.  Yet music, seemingly bound up so intimately with the nature of time, might well be understood as disclosing aspects of human temporality unavailable to other modes of inquiry, and accordingly was frequently granted a privileged position in nineteenth-century thought.  For if this age understood time, it was through a melody.
  This book examines the multiple ways in which music may provide insight into the problematics of human time.  Whether in the purported timelessness of Beethoven’s late works or the nostalgic impulses of Schubert’s music, in the use of music by philosophers as a means to explicate the aporias of temporal existence or as medium suggestive of the varying possible structures of time, as a reflection of a particular culture’s sense of historical progress or the expression of the intangible spirit behind the course of human history, each of the book’s chapters explores a specific theme in the philosophy of time as expressed through music.  They chart the development across the course of the nineteenth century of music’s capacity to convey the manifold nuances of time, revealing how music would finally become seen as the ideal instantiation of time and human existence itself.  At once historical, analytical, critical, and ultimately hermeneutic, it provides both fresh insight into many familiar nineteenth-century pieces and a rich theoretical basis for future research.

Spanish American countries exhibited during the nineteenth century many of the features Koselleck associated with the Sattelzeit, the transitioning period into our contemporaneity. However, the region's history was marked by social instability and political upheaval, and contemporaries referred to such experiences of time as precarious. In this article I explore the connection between this precarious time and the emergence of the sociopolitical concept of morality in New Granada (present-day Colombia) during the fi rst thirty -fi ve years of the republic (1818–1853). I focus on two conceptual moments as exemplifi ed by the refl ections put forth by Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), military and political leader of the independence period, and José Eusebio Caro (1817–1853), publicist, poet, and political ideologue of the Conservative Party.

“Arquivar a própria vida é se pôr no espelho, é contrapor à imagem social a imagem íntima de si próprio, e nesse sentido o arquivamento do eu é uma prática de construção de si mesmo e de resistência” (ARTIÈRES, 1998, p. 11). Com esta frase, o historiador francês Philippe Artières define uma das grandes problemáticas do estudo de narrativas biográficas. O estudo dos diários, mais especificamente, carrega em si a questão de um arquivamento compulsivo, que escapa aos refinamentos das autobiografias e à própria limitação do tempo. No diário, sucedem-se imagens de situações ditas banais e desimportantes para o desenrolar de um grande enredo, que Roland Barthes chama “biografemas extraordinários”. Por outro lado, autobiografias categorizam e ordenam “biografemas fatais”, responsáveis pela construção de uma imagem linear e ascendente de uma grande figura. Em ambos os casos, trabalha-se com uma acumulação constante de momentos, que diferem no fim a que se pretendem, e encontram-se na circunscrição que o tempo de uma vida lhes impõe. O objetivo deste capítulo será, então, a partir de exemplos de narrativas biográficas – principalmente diários – analisar esse desejo de acumular memórias, de arquivar vidas, que permeia não só a construção dessas narrativas, mas de todo o conhecimento Ocidental. Norteado por ideias como a de Arquivo de Jacques Derrida, e de tempo, de Phillipe Lejeune, buscaremos compreender o diário e a autobiografia como partes de um mesmo sistema de arquivamento obsessivo, com suas devidas particularidades quanto ao que é selecionado. O ponto de partida é de que não há narrativa que seja completamente exaustiva (ARTIÈRES, 1998, p. 10), e mesmo diários imensos, como os de Claude Mauriac e Henri-Frédéric Amiel, contém em si uma seleção – subjetiva – e um patente desejo de arquivamento compulsivo, que reflete um ethos próprio da tradição judaico-cristã.

Time and Performer Training addresses the importance and centrality of time and temporality to the practices, processes and conceptual thinking of performer training. Notions of time are embedded in almost every aspect of performer training, and so contributors to this book look at: age/aging and children in the training context how training impacts over a lifetime the duration of training and the impact of training regimes over time concepts of timing and the ‘right’ time how time is viewed from a range of international training perspectives collectives, ensembles and fashions in training, their decay or endurance. Through focusing on time and the temporal in performer training, this book offers innovative ways of integrating research into studio practices. It also steps out beyond the more traditional places of training to open up time in relation to contested training practices that take place online, in festival spaces and in folk or amateur practices. Ideal for both instructors and students, each section of this well-illustrated book follows a thematic structure and includes full-length chapters alongside shorter provocations. Featuring contributions from an international range of authors who draw on their backgrounds as artists, scholars and teachers, Time and Performer Training is a major step in our understanding of how time affects the preparation for performance. https://www.routledge.com/Time-and-Performer-Training/Evans-Thomaidis-Worth/p/book/9780815396284

In this paper, I shall discuss the problematic relations between logical and
temporal aspects of the Hegelian system. The assumed interdependence of
time and concept makes Hegel’s system peculiar for it seems to exceed the
opposition between diachrony and synchrony. This distinctive trait of speculative
dialectics has caused many misunderstandings in the reception of Hegelianism.
In particular, it has led to simplifying and one-sided interpretations
of the role of time in Hegel’s system, which violate the basic assumptions
of absolute idealism. There are two main types of such misreading,
namely (1) a historistic one, according to which thought structures are derivatives
of the accidental historical process, whose nature precludes the
possibility of a system as it falls into a spurious infinity. And (2) a panlogistic
interpretation, according to which history is subordinate to the eternal
concept that predetermines the necessary logic of all worldly events. In this
perspective, time is only a semblance that is exposed and eventually abolished
when absolute knowledge is established.

Temporal binding is the phenomenon in which events related as cause and effect are perceived by humans to be closer in time than they actually are (Haggard et al. 2002). Despite the fact that temporal binding experiments with humans have relied on verbal instructions, we argue that they are adaptable to nonhuman animals, and that a finding of temporal binding from such experiments would provide evidence of causal reasoning that cannot be reduced to associative learning. Our argument depends on describing and theoretically motivating an intermediate level of representations between the lower levels of associations of sensory features and higher symbolic representations. This intermediate level of representations makes it possible to challenge arguments given by some comparative psychologists that animals lack higher-level abstract and explicit forms of causal reasoning because their cognitive capacities are limited to learning and reasoning at the basic level of perceptual associations. Our multi-level account connects time perception with causal reasoning and provides a philosophically-defensible framework for experimental investigations that have not yet been pursued. We describe the structure of some possible experiments and consider the implications that would follow from a positive finding of temporal binding in nonhuman animals. Such a finding would provide evidence of explicit awareness of causal relationships, and would warrant attribution of intermediate representations that are more abstract and sophisticated than the associations allowed by the lower level of the two-level account.

Short text in Hebrew for an exhibition I co-curated in the Sapir College gallery, with (among others) Dana Hakim, Mahmoud Kais, and Gaston Zvi Ickowicz.

טקסט קצר לתערוכה שאצרתי עם מיכל שמיר בגלרייה של מכללת ספיר, בהשתתפות האמנים טליה לפיד, גסטון צבי איצקוביץ, יותם דביר, דנה חכים, ומחמוד קייס.

Causa e effetto invertiti, entropia e sintropia, ordine e disordine, origine e scopo. Agli occhi della scienza il Tempo rimane ancora un enigma. Dall’America alla Russia passando per l’Europa, i misteri più affascinanti della quarta dimensione.

This article examines the nature of school days and school years in later medieval Western Europe and considers the societal functions of the temporal cultures that emerged. The forms of the school day and year in elementary and grammar schools—alongside school- and youth-centered festivals—were replete with meaning and possessed utility beyond simple responses to environmental factors such as seasonal and meteorological changes. School authorities—whether ecclesiastical or municipal—saw the temporal cultures of medieval schools as a means to socialize children and to create and maintain collective community identities. By exploring a range of different traditions and regional variations, it is clear that the experience of the passage of time was imbued with meaning and social significance for medieval schoolchildren and their communities.

This film belongs to a long tradition of 'moment of death' narratives, including Robert Enrico's 1961 adaptation of 'An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge' ([1890] 2011) by Ambrose Bierce. The article will discuss how these narratives engage with time and mortality, and how they are compelled to return to an Edenic moment in the dying character's past.

O Audio Game Breu é um jogo eletrônico constituído exclusivamente por recursos sonoros produzido pela equipe de desenvolvimento de jogos Team Zeroth. O presente artigo pretende fazer uma análise dos elementos temporais presentes na composição musical do Audio Game Breu através de conceitos de temporalidade em música extraídos do livro Time of Music de Jonathan Kramer, ressaltando a capacidade da música alterar a percepção temporal do ouvinte, bem como a experiência interativa e imersiva do jogador. Conceitos outros como forma aberta, forma móbile, sobreposição vertical, eventos e momentos são apresentados. Tendo em vista a necessidade do compositor especializado em produzir áudio para Games de se criar música para acompanhar trechos lineares em custcenes, onde não há interação do jogador e de trechos não-lineares onde há interação do jogador, podendo se resumir em dezenas de horas de tempo de interação, se faz necessário uma maior reflexão acerca do estudo do tempo no contexto da criação de música para jogos eletrônicos.

This thesis investigates the relation between promiscuous pleasure and queer temporalities in the work of Guillaume Dustan, analyzing three affective relations to time: melancholia, ecstasy, and hope. I use the AIDS-crisis as the focal point of my thesis, exploring how it delimits an affective shift in gay men’s attitude toward sexual promiscuity as an important component of queer world-making, marking sexual promiscuity as a thing of the past. In Dans ma chambre, sexual promiscuity makes Guillaume feel melancholic, as though “being stuck” in his sexual activities is literally killing him. Thus, promiscuity exerts a kind of backward pull on the present, similar to what Elizabeth Freeman describes as temporal drag. Promiscuity, I argue, troubles a sense of temporal progression in Guillaume’s representation of Marais. This temporal conflict is also evident in Dustan’s public conflict with prominent French AIDS activists regarding bareback sex. I read Dustan’s claim that “the con-dom has never existed” as an anachronism that makes his views on condomless promiscuity both untimely and morally disturbing. As an anachronism, however, it offers an opportunity to read barebacking as a sexual practice structured around temporal drag.
In Je sors ce soir, I examine ecstasy as a narrative situation. As a first-person narrator Guillaume ecstatically steps out of himself by way of the narrative device metalepsis, paradoxically creating an effect of proximity. His ecstasy explodes the linearity of temporal progression the narrative strives for. Instead of pushing forward, ecstasy seems to make time coagulate in a perpetual present. In this way, ecstatic time brings about a powerful waste of time, halting its progression into the future.
Lastly, I ask what hope Dustan’s work holds for a queer future. Here I consider ecstasy, not only as a way of stopping time, but also as an important temporal figure when conceptualizing a queer utopia. Furthermore, I consider how Dustan’s novel Plus fort que moi traces a utopian impulse as an education of desire. The novel stresses the importance, not of what Guillaume enjoys or how he specifically enjoys it, but rather of his attitude toward sexual desire as a pleasurable pedagogic. I argue, then, that in his literary work Dustan practices an erotics of art, that is, an erotics of literary writing itself.

This chapter explores the political significance of time for the modern nation-state and its secularizing frameworks. It focuses on the impact of secular governance, underwritten by dominant secular concepts of time, on the lives of Muslim women living in European, majority Christian/secular nations. Specifically, it examines the different ways in which the efforts to regulate the tradition-based practices of Muslim women in secular society have meant that different strains of the national histories of the countries considered—Spain, France, and Germany—have been both controlled and legislated. To do so, the chapter begins by asking what time is, in order to point out that from the Christian theological perspective that informs later secular understandings God is beyond time and time is thus a worldly category that takes on the quality of sequential, continuous, and progressive temporality. The idea of temporal sequence is important for understanding how the present situates the past and the future by being the pivot point that grounds people's relationship to time. People's memories of the past and anticipations of the future are key to the forward movement of time, as the discussion shows in the second section. There the discussion focuses on how one of the key features of the modern nation-state lies in its ability to systematize time into patterns of regularity and sameness by rhetorically managing the memory of the past and stimulating anticipation about the future. Controlling time and creating one time frame for the writing of history become fundamental to the expanding project of modern territorial annexation and colonization and to ensuring the efficiency of labor and capitalist productivity. Universalizing this model of time means that historical categories are emptied of the defining events that interrupt patterns of continuity so that they can be applied to any context that needs political control; it involves doing away with the specific histories of minority groups. This emptying is a crucial step in defining European standards of rationality, modernity, and political belonging against which everybody else is compared. The modern territorial acquisition of land has forced colonizing states to figure out how to manage socially and politically the different forms of time in a very different array of cultures and traditions. Colonization is the context in which systems of governance were implemented as an apparently neutral, secular way to manage all these differences in the colonies. However, these systems were simultaneously developed within Europe, where all (religious) traditions were required to keep their tradition-based practices out of the public sphere.
A textbook chapter published in Gender: God
Sîan Melvill Hawthorne. Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA, 2017. 414 pp.

Recensione a Hartmut Rosa, Accelerazione e alienazione. Per una teoria critica del tempo nella tarda modernità, Politica&Società, 2016, n. 1, pp. 131-136.

Book review: Hartmut Rosa, Accelerazione e alienazione. Per una teoria critica del tempo nella tarda modernità, Politica&Società, 2016, n. 1, pp. 131-136.

Over the past 25 years, the Brussels neighbourhoods confronted with the greatest difficulties have benefited from substantial public funds intended to renovate and revitalise them: 550 interventions on the built environment, 1730 housing units created, 130 elements of local infrastructure built, 850 socio-economic actions carried out and a large number of roadways and squares redesigned. Created in 1993, the “Neighbourhood Contract” rapidly became an emblematic tool of the Brussels public action and imposed itself as a structural and structuring policy. Beyond the many projects and actions implemented, there is also an entire social world that took shape around this project and that is composed of political actors, administrative agents, experts, associations and citizens. This publication traces the deployment of the Neighbourhood Contracts in Brussels over the past 25 years by means of an immersion in the discourse, imagination, steering, execution and administration of a long-term public action, recorded at different moments in its lifetime. The 14 situations that have been selected compose the sociological chronicle of an urban policy, from its birth to its current state of development, which today raises important questions. The text that concludes the work is the occasion for the author to question the “time perspectives” of the advocates and detractors of the Neighbourhood Contract, and to stir a public debate about the continuation or transformation of urban policymaking in Brussels.

What happened, in the years leading up to Valentine's Day 2014, that made a canister of nuclear waste burst open and spew out fire underground at a US facility for the long-term disposal of radioactive military waste? According to one widely publicized scenario, a simple run-of-the-mill typo led to organic kitty litter mistakenly being used to soak up liquid in the drum instead of another kind of absorbent material. This ultimately led to a reaction that made heat and pressure build up in the drum, causing it to erupt. But was that "simple" clerical error symptomatic of a much deeper, system-wide problem-- involving a US Energy Department plan to rush the pace of nuclear waste disposal? What were the political, social, and financial elements involved in making Los Alamos' waste drum #68660 erupt that February night? What can be done to prevent similar accidents – which can have price tags of hundreds of millions of dollars or more – from happening again in the future? A cultural anthropologist spent 10 weeks onsite after the event, logging 43 interviews and trying to answer these questions. Here is what he found.

Résumé

Ce texte critique confronte les théories de l’avènement de la société du temps libre et celle de la Troisième Voie, autour des inférences entre les mutations récentes du travail et les usages sociaux du temps libre dans les sociétés occidentales. Dans le premier cas, la thèse de la fin du travail comme élément structurant du lien social, faisant du temps libre le moment fort de l’engagement citoyen, est invalidée : il faut en effet prendre acte du rôle pivot que continue d’assumer le travail vis-à-vis des autres temps sociaux et tenir compte de l’impact réel de l’application de la loi des 35 heures en France. Dans le second cas, la thèse d’un nouvel individualisme socialement actif en période de temps libre, s’appuyant sur une actualisation dans un marché du travail plus ouvert, est démentie par l’important débordement des activités professionnelles sur le temps hors travail et par les impacts concrets de la politique travailliste de l’emploi en Angleterre. À l’encontre des présupposés de ces utopies, la quête de confort et de statut continue de faire primer les considérations pécuniaires dans les choix d’allocation de temps et d’argent. Nous soutenons de plus que le capitalisme flexible accentue les inégalités et précarise des segments considérables de la population, ce qui les éloigne de tout engagement citoyen soutenu.

Abstract

Social use of free time in the era of flexibility : Utopias and reality

This critical article compares theories of the leisure society to those of the Third Way, with respect to their propositions about recent changes in work and leisure in Western societies. The first claims that work no longer structures social life and leisure time is a time for citizen engagement. This thesis does not hold. We need to understand that work still shapes other uses of time and the legislation in France reducing the work week to 35 hours has consequences. The second claims that a more open labour market permits socially active individualism during one’s free time. But this thesis is undermined by the spill-over of work into free time and the real effects of British Labour’s employment policies. Contradicting both theories, the search for comfort and status continue to privilege monetary considerations in decisions about time and money. Moreover, such flexibility increases social inequalities and makes large parts of the population more vulnerable, leaving them as less engaged citizens.

Bien que l’interet pour la sphere domestique constitue un enjeu pour la recherche ainsi que pour la conception et l’industrie, les donnees empiriques restent rares. Dans une perspective praxeologique, interactionnelle et naturaliste, cette these contribue a combler ce deficit. Elle identifie des ressources particulieres de l’organisation du quotidien dans deux foyers francais. Par des analyses d’entretiens, et surtout par des analyses de donnees audio-video, la these met en lumiere l’importance du travail interactionnel que les membres realisent chaque jour dans les foyers pour ordonner et rendre intelligibles leurs activites. Ce travail se base sur de multiples pratiques langagieres (verbalisations d’actions, annonces, pre-sequences, sollicitations, injonctions, etc.) qui marquent et donnent le temps et ouvrent des sequences de negociation entre adultes et enfants. A cote des donneurs de temps langagiers, des donneurs de temps corporels, materiels et artefactuels sont egalement mob...

In a context of structural precariousness, has gradually developed beside a helping relationship oriented towards the future, support for the relationship to strengthen the actual links. What are the consequences of this transformation on the daily social work? This article explores some of them on the type of relief relationship born of this metamorphosis: the endless support, in both meanings of without previous purpose and duration. From mutations experienced by the social emergency sector since 2007, the fieldwork, which took place in Paris between 2009 and 2011, focuses on the hardships faced by practitioners working in long-duration accommodation. It shows how they overcome the tensions they encounter through being in the continuous presence of people to help, either by revisiting empowerment practices or hardening of counterparts. The fieldwork aims to examine more generally the forms taken by autonomy in indefinite duration social intervention practices.


Dans un contexte de précarisation structurelle, s’est peu à peu développée, à côté d’une relation d’aide orientée vers l’avenir, une aide à la relation visant à consolider les liens présents. Quelles sont les conséquences de cette transformation de la relation d’assistance sur le travail social quotidien ? Cet article en explore quelques-unes à partir du type de relation d’assistance qui naît de cette métamorphose : l’accompagnement sans fin, au double sens de finalité et de durée. À partir des mutations qu’a connues le secteur de l’urgence sociale depuis 2007, l’enquête, qui s’est déroulée en région parisienne entre 2009 et 2011, se focalise sur les épreuves rencontrées par les intervenants travaillant dans des hébergements de longue durée. Elle montre comment ceux-ci surmontent les tensions qu’ils rencontrent à force d’être en présence continue de personnes à aider, que ce soit par une revisite des pratiques d’autonomisation ou par un durcissement des contreparties. L’enquête vise plus généralement à interroger les formes prises par l’autonomie dans des pratiques d’intervention sociale à durée indéterminée.

En un contexto de precarización estructural, junto a una relación de ayuda orientada al futuro, se ha ido desarrollando poco a poco una ayuda a la relación que aspira a consolidar los vínculos presentes. ¿Cuáles son las consecuencias de esta transformación de la relación asistencial sobre el trabajo social cotidiano? Este artículo explora algunas de ellas a partir del tipo de relación asistencial nacida de esta metamorfosis: el acompañamiento sin fin, en el doble sentido de su finalidad y duración. A partir de las mutaciones acontecidas en el sector de la urgencia social desde 2007, la investigación realizada en la región de París entre 2009 y 2011, se centra en las dificultades encontradas por los trabajadores que intervienen en los alojamientos de larga duración. Esta investigación muestra cómo éstos superan las tensiones que encuentran a fuerza de estar en continua presencia de las personas atendidas, ya sea por la revisión de las prácticas de adquisición de autonomía o por un endurecimiento de las contrapartidas. Este trabajo pretende, de forma más general, interrogar las formas que toma la autonomía en las prácticas de intervención social de duración indefinida.

Estudio evaluativo sobre la implantación de la jornada escolar de sesión única en Galicia, en la que se aportan las principales conclusiones, los criterios y propuestas de actuación, como resultado de una investigación multidisciplinar realizada por un equipo de investigación en el Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, en convenio con la Consellería de Educación y Ordenación Universitaria de la Xunta de Galicia, entre los años 1989 y 1993.

l. Introducción

II. A experimentación da xomada única en Galicia.

III. Avaliación da experimentación: procesos metodolóxicos.

IV. Conclusións xerais.

V. Criterios de actuación.

Bibliografía.

Anexo.

Digitale Medientechnologien sind heute vor allem "Zeit-Maschinen", die immer größere Datenmengen in immer kürzeren Intervallen prozessieren. Im Laufe der Medienevolution sind jedoch auch die Zeitkonzepte und der operative Umgang mit medialen Prozessen zunehmend komplexer geworden.
Beim zeilen- und spaltenweisen Aufbau digitaler Bildlichkeit spielt der Faktor Zeit eine ebenso kritische Rolle wie bei der Realisierung von E-Mail-Kommunikation, Kompressionsalgorithmen, Global Positioning, RFID oder Echtzeit-Systemen. Die Frage nach der "Chronologistik der Medien" bildet daher einen essenziellen Schlüssel zum Verständnis der digitalen Kultur.
Der Band "Zeitkritische Medien" versammelt Beiträge, die die Mikrotemporalität der Medien anhand historischer und aktueller Fallbeispiele im Kontext von Wahrnehmung, Kommunikation und Medienästhetik analysieren.

Mit Beiträgen von Karl Ernst von Baer, Peter Berz, Annette Bitsch, Maarten Bullynck, Wolfgang Ernst,
Alexander Firyn, Sebastian Gießmann, Götz Großklaus, Philipp von Hilgers, Kilian Hirt, Friedrich Kittler, Shintaro Miyazaki, Ana Ofak, Jens Gerrit Papenburg, Claus Pias, Stefan Rieger, Julian Rohrhuber, Christoph Rosol, Jens Schröter, Christina Vagt, Axel Volmar und Christof Windgätter.

It has long been a truism of music criticism that nineteenth-century Russian symphonic music lacks a true sense of development when compared with a normative German model. This article puts forward an alternative way of approaching Russian instrumental music, from the perspective of a different conception of musical and historical time. By interrogating both musically and culturally this idea of temporality, the article suggests a potential distinction between a specifically Western model of time and historical progress - marked by the qualities of onward teleological process and the capacity for organic development, as celebrated in the archetypal Beethovenian symphonic style - and a static, cyclical, repetitive, even timeless conception that may be seen to apply more aptly to several pieces of the nineteenth-century Russian repertory. Yet this neat binary opposition created between East and West is seen to be overly simplistic for many pieces that fall outside the small group of high-profile nationalist works from the Kuchka. The article ultimately argues for a richer understanding of music’s relation with time within both Russian and Austro-German traditions

Abstract.  This paper offers an insight into the games software development process from a time perspective by drawing on an in-depth study in a games development organization. The wider market for computer games now exceeds the annual global revenues of cinema. We have, however, only a limited scholarly understanding of how games studios produce games. Games projects require particular attention because their context is unique. Drawing on a case study, the paper offers a theoretical conceptualization of the development process of creative software, such as games software. We found that the process, as constituted by the interactions of developers, oscillates between two modes of practice: routinized and improvised, which sediment and flux the working rhythms in the context. This paper argues that while we may predeterminately lay down the broad stages of creative software development, the activities that constitute each stage, and the transition criteria from one to the next, may be left to the actors in the moment, to the temporality of the situation as it emerges. If all development activities are predefined, as advocated in various process models, this may leave little room for opportunity and the creative fruits that flow from opportunity, such as enhanced features, aesthetics and learning.

The question of identity narrative is at the core of the interaction between social movements and temporalities. In this paper, we draw on long-term qualitative research amongst activists engaged in Italian social movements and argue that identity narratives are often the result of a complex mnemonic, contradictory and open-ended process that spans through a life-time of engagement with multiple collectives. We then question whether the use of social media reshape these dynamics. The analysis shows that the construction of identity narratives on social media tends to take place with knowledge of the complexity and overlaps that characterise these processes online. Nevertheless, the temporality of social media, based on immediacy, archival and predictive time, challenges the unpredictable, contradictory, and open-ended nature of political identity construction offline. The need to escape the hegemonic temporalities of social media poses new challenges to activists in their creative agency.

The conviction underlying this book is that if we accept vulnerability as a dominant condition of contemporary life, then we should question the philosophical image that understands vulnerability as the negativity of a so-called full life. Rather, vulnerability should be thought of as a new condition with its challenges and resources. My goal in this book is to suggest a way for people to live their vulnerability as a transformative power. I focus on the ways in which vulnerability can become an effective resource that connects people and supports their transformative political actions. I argue that focusing thusly on vulnerability holds a productive potential for suggesting new modalities of transformative processes and individual agency, as well as a new attentiveness on behalf of critical discourses in general and feminist philosophy in particular.

Cet article présente les apports d’une approche processuelle et rythmologique afin de rendre compte des temporalités constitutives des processus d’apprentissage, de transformation et de développement. La spécificité d’une telle approche est abordée à partir de trois aspects caractérisant les recherches sur les temporalités de la formation : la terminologie mobilisée, les catégorisations opérées et les formes de raisonnement à travers lesquelles les relations entre des temporalités hétérogènes sont rendues intelligibles.

Using theoretical tools from trans studies and disability/crip studies, we reconceptualize the self in the context of dementia. We illustrate that most dementia discourse, scholarship and intervention emphasize a maintenance of the pre-dementia self. We argue that the compulsory biographical continuity needed to maintain the predementia self is based on interlocking forms of ageism, ableism, and cogniticism, and interacts with what we call cisism (the oppressive system that discriminates against people on the basis of change) and its normative components, cisnormativity* and ciscognonormativity. After providing a critical genealogy of the term cisnormativity*, we resignify and redeploy this concept in the context of dementia, demonstrating how it is useful for critiquing compulsory biographical continuity. Following the verbs queering and cripping, we propose a transing of dementia that leads to a new conceptualization of the self that is fluid and changing, rather than one anchored in multiple oppressions.
KEYWORDS: Trans non-binary; Dementia; Cisnormativity; Ableism;
Ageism; Selfhood

Amid growing debates about globalization of higher education (HE) reproducing inequalities , an analysis of race as the organizing influence underlying this global phenomenon remains absent. This conceptual essay argues that our understanding of globalization of HE would benefit from an intersectional understanding of critical Whiteness studies and temporal studies to help racialize and further temporalize this phenomenon. It introduces Whiteness as futurity framework and its three components: Whiteness as (a) aspiration, (b) investment, and (c) malleability. Drawing on this framework, it provides a critical race temporal account of globalization of HE by critically examining two contemporary global HE trends, namely: (a) the global diffusion of liberal education, and (b) the growing use of global university rankings (GURs). It argues that Whiteness as futurity colonizes (or orients) global subjects' (nation-states', policy makers', institutions', and individuals') imagi-naries and reinforces the asymmetrical movements, networks, and untethered economies underpinning global HE. The article concludes that educators should consider seriously the insights of Whiteness studies in reconceptualizing globalization of HE.

Książka poświęcona jest polskim plakatom wyborczym z lat 1989-2015. Plakaty wyborcze są dokumentami rzadko archiwizowanymi i trudnymi w pozyskaniu, a także o wiele mniej obecnymi w dyskursie naukowym niż audiowizualne elementy kampanii wyborczych. Materiały źródłowe zostały zebrane w trakcie rozległej kwerendy przeprowadzonej w bibliotekach, archiwach państwowych, Archiwum Sejmu, Archiwum Senatu, muzeach oraz w internecie. Analizowany zbiór to ponad tysiąc plakatów z wyborów parlamentarnych oraz prezydenckich.
Zastosowana perspektywa metodologiczna łączy narzędzia kultury wizualnej, semiotyki oraz antropologii codzienności. Głównym celem rozprawy jest zdekodowanie ideologii zamieszkujących plakaty wyborcze, odarcie tych obrazów z ich pozornej niewinności oraz przyjrzenie się składni organizującej zawarte w nich znaki. Kolejnym celem jest zrekonstruowanie społecznego obiegu plakatów wyborczych – ich powstawania, niszczenia, archiwizowania, komodyfikacji oraz przypisywania im znaczeń przez widownię.
Rozprawa składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów. Pierwszy poświęcony jest paradoksom wpisanym w naturę plakatu wyborczego i wynikającym z nich trudnościom definicyjnym oraz problemom związanym z wyborem metodologii badań. W zbiorze plakatów wyborczych znajdują się bowiem obiekty o wysokiej i znikomej wartości artystycznej, zamawiane przez partie i powstające oddolnie, ikoniczne i nieznane szerszej publiczności, kosztowne i bezwartościowe.
Rozdział drugi poświęcony jest wyborowi takiej metodologii badań, która pozwoliłaby pogodzić w analizie sprzeczności plakatów związane z różnicami w ich wytwarzaniu, cyrkulacji lub jakości artystycznej. Perspektywa kultury wizualnej umożliwia badanie obrazów niezależnie od przypisywanej im wartości artystycznej i analizowanie ich społecznego obiegu, zaś narzędzia semiotyki pozwalają prześledzić sposoby posługiwania się przez plakaty znakami, kodami i retorykami..
Rozdział trzeci spogląda na plakaty z perspektywy antropologii codzienności. Poświęcony jest ich materialności i cyklowi życia oraz społecznemu funkcjonowaniu jako śmieci, materiałów archiwalnych, towarów, dzieł sztuki, obiektów działań ikonoklastycznych, obrazów podawanych dalej w internecie, a także tworzywa, którym żywi się sztuka krytyczna i użytkowa.
Tematy kolejnych rozdziałów poświęcone są toposom, które pojawiają się w plakatach wyborczych najczęściej. W rozdziale piątym sklasyfikowane i przeanalizowane zostały znaki polskości i obcości w plakacie wyborczym – ich typy, funkcje, zakorzenienie w wielkich tradycjach ikonograficznych oraz sposoby, w jakie różne ideologie zaprzęgają polskość  do swoich celów. Wpisane w plakaty wizje Polski „normalnej“ to marzenia albo o integracji europejskiej, albo o pełnej niezależności i wolności od obcych wpływów. (Obcość definiowana była w plakatach różnie w zależności od momentu historycznego: na początku analizowanego okresu Polsce zagrażać mieli Sowieci, na końcu – uchodźcy). Wszystkie te marzenia o Polsce wpisują się w dwie wielkie narracje: konserwatywną i liberalną. Pierwsza miłuje sielskość, tradycję i wiarę ojców, druga marzy o nowoczesności i stara się dogonić nieustannie oddalający się „europejski pociąg“. Niezależnie od tych ewidentnych różnic ideologicznych pomiędzy stronnictwami plakaty wyborcze zawsze śnią jednak sen o zgodzie i narodowej jedności.
Rozdział szósty poświęcony jest wpisanym w plakaty wyborcze pojęciom czasu i orientacjom temporalnym. Koncentracja na teraźniejszości widoczna była jedynie w roku 1989 – plakaty ze wszystkich następnych wyborów odnosiły się albo do przeszłości, albo do przyszłości. Odwołania do przeszłości na początku analizowanego okresu dotyczyły najnowszej historii Polski i były częścią dyskursu rozliczeń z okresem transformacji. Historyczny czas przeszły ustąpił następnie miejsca płynącemu w plakatach czasowi mitycznemu, w którym wydarzenia i okresy takie jak odsiecz wiedeńska i dwudziestolecie międzywojenne bezkolizyjnie współistnieją jako elementy tego samego porządku: przestrzeni przeżywania tęsknoty za wielką Polską. Przyszłość jest zaś stałym elementem plakatowych narracji, a jednocześnie pustym pojęciem, nie do końca wymyślonym projektem, którego maksymalny horyzont czasowy wynosi cztery lata – tyle, ile trwa kadencja Sejmu.
Rozdział siódmy koncentruje się na zagadnieniach płci i sposobach jej wizualnego konstruowania. Repertuar znaków męskości jest w plakatach ubogi i mało podatny na zmiany; znaki kobiecości są o wiele liczniejsze, tak jakby obraz kobiet w polityce podlegał ciągłej renegocjacji, wynikającej z ich krótkiej obecności w tej sferze i funkcjonowania w niej sposób mniej naturalny, niż mężczyźni. Różnica płci jest w plakatach wyborczych nakreślona wyjątkowo kategorycznie: kobiecość i męskość to dwa rozłączne, przeciwstawne zbiory kodów. Pomimo swojej wielości, wizerunki kobiece są w plakatach równie silnie zestereotypizowane, co wizerunki męskie. Obie płcie wtłoczone są w sztywny, binarny reżim obrazowania, regulujący możliwe sposoby ukazywania płci. Jest to konsekwencja całej retoryki plakatów – ich uproszczony, dosadny język nie jest w stanie uchwycić i oddać całego bogactwa świata społecznego i zawsze redukuje jego złożoność do zbyt małej liczby kategorii.

How can organization be able to accomplish its mission of gathering information just in time? As a temporal organization, news media employ temporal structuring strategies to integrate institutional and individual efforts to have the work done before the deadline. This researcher conducted a field research on infographic designers of daily newspapers to observe: (1) how temporal structures of regulate the infographic designers; (2) how designers interact the temporal structures and develop temporal strategies. The results of the study will lead to further understanding on journalistic competence of contemporary news media and the design strategies for temporal structures of future news media.

    過去新聞工作研究多聚焦於個人，較少探索組織策略。本研究則聚焦探討新聞組織的時間結構化策略。當代新聞組織是典型的「時間組織」：在有限時間資源下完成新聞資訊蒐集和呈現，是新聞組織每天都必須面臨的挑戰。時間既是新聞工作的資源，又是限制。因此，本文探究以下問題：（1）新聞機構組織的時間情境是什麼？（2）新聞工作者如何和時間情境互動？（3）新聞組織如何形成時間策略？研究人員進入報社，以美術編輯日常工作為場域，蒐集時間相關的實證資料進行分析。初步發現，個案中的新聞組織，建構各種時間套件，以調度組織的時間資源；經過制度和常規的運作，組織和個人得以協力、獲取時間紅利。時間結構化猶如兩面刃，組織在確保任務完成之餘，也可能付出內容品質降低和人力透支的代價。

社会科学战线 - Social Science Front 8 (2020): 17-26, Translated by Zhang Jun.

This is the Chinese translation of my article "Two Cultures of the Posthuman Future," History and Theory 58:2 (2019), 171-184, avaliable at the journal's website: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hith.12108 or here: https://www.academia.edu/38858829/Two_Cultures_of_the_Posthuman_Future

Within contemporary social thought, the slow food movement is commonly construed as a growing, organized protest against the development of high-speed lifestyles. The primary aim of this article is to query the limits of such an interpretation. To highlight aspects of the slow food movement that may not be as incongruous to a high-speed society as commonly thought, I explore how the slow food movement relates to the phenomenon of time shortage. I undertake a discourse analysis of slow food texts in the English language to reveal that the aims and activities of the slow food movement may not wholly address the three sources of feeling ‘hurried’, as set out by Southerton and Tomlinson. I find that a more sophisticated analysis of the slow food movement emerges if we avoid thinking of fast and slow in dichotomous terms.

Este libro propone una reflexión cruzada, desde la Historia y el Derecho, acerca de algunos problemas que ambas disciplinas suscitan en relación con el tiempo y la temporalidad. Se trata de una problemática fundamental, tan interesante y variada como hasta ahora poco estudiada, que afecta sobre todo a la historia político-intelectual y al derecho público. ¿Qué cuestiones temporales son relevantes para el constitucionalismo en general, y en lo que concierne a la Constitución española de 1978 en particular? ¿Es una buena o una mala idea que la constitución tenga que modificarse cada pocos años para atemperarse con las generaciones? ¿Cómo entendieron dos filósofos tan influyentes como Kant y Fichte las relaciones de la historia, la política y el derecho con la temporalidad? ¿De qué forma se enfrentaron los constituyentes norteamericanos al desafío de la contingencia y trataron de conjurar el declive de las instituciones republicanas? ¿Cuál es el tipo de temporalidad que defienden quienes promueven la llamada “memoria histórica”? Y, en relación con este tema, ¿Es el pasado irreversible o irrevocable? ¿Cómo se han resuelto a lo largo de la historia los problemas derivados de la sucesión de normas en el tiempo, así como los fundamentos y límites de la retroactividad de la ley? Los ensayos reunidos en este volumen ofrecen un abanico de respuestas a estas y otras cuestiones. Y al hacerlo, arrojan una mirada fresca, interdisciplinar, sobre una temática que importa sobremanera en una época de hiperaceleración como la que vivimos. Una época en la que, como ha escrito Hartmut Rosa, “el tiempo se ha convertido en uno de los problemas centrales, si no en el problema principal de las sociedades modernas”.

This  paper  deals  with  the  ontogenesis  of  time  in  Lav  Diaz’s  post-Batang  West Side  cinema.  By  collaborating  with  the  ideas  of  Gilles  Deleuze,  Felix  Guattari,  Vilem Flusser  and  Jacques  Derrida,  the  paper  philosophically  grapples  with  the  nonphilosophy  of  Diaz’s  cinema.  The  text  proposes  a  transversal  constitution  of  time  by insisting that, in any event, whether cinematic, conceptual or natural, time is constituted
in  the  paradoxical  space  between  arborescence  (time-consciousness)  and  immanence (becoming). The paper also highlights on the complicity of representational politics with
the  politics  of  time  and  insists  on  the  deconstructive  non-structure  of  the  ‘authorfunction’  when  infolded  within  the  multiplanar  constitutions  of  time.  The  text  also actively resolves the contradiction between two concepts of ‘contemplation’ constituted by Thomas Elsaesser and Gilles Deleuze in their respective texts and proposes open time
-  a  singularity  between  time  and  Deleuzo-Guattarian  idea  of  the  rhizome  -  as  a conceptual alternative to contemplative time  inscribed by ‘slow cinema’ discourse. The concept of the  open image  (its components, its political and ethical dimensions)  is  also introduced in the text.